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Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates.
Abstract
Analyse factorielle des raisons invoquees par 342 etudiants pour rendre compte de leur temporisation dans certaines tâches universitaires, apres un examen de la frequence d'un tel comportement
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In the citing paper
“Este fenómeno no es reciente: investigaciones que datan de los años 80 ya mostraban que la procrastinación no se limitaba a un problema de hábitos de estudio o manejo del tiempo, sino que era una compleja interacción de factores conductuales, afectivos y cognitivos(Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
From Uso de redes sociales y procrastinación en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática (2023) · cites this paper as Solomon & Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“Several outcome measures have been proposed and are often implemented when investigating the prevalence of procrastination among students and the adult population, most notably the General Procrastination Scale (Lay, 1986), the Adult Inventory of Procrastination (Steel, 2010), the Decisional Procrastination Questionnaire (Steel, 2010), the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (Solomon & Rothb”
From Understanding and Treating Procrastination: A Review of a Common Self-Regulatory Failure (2014) · cites this paper as Solomon & Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“Conservative estimates indicate that at least half of all students habitually procrastinate tasks that are important to them, such as reading for exams, writing term papers, and keeping up with weekly assignments (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984; Tice and Baumeister, 1997; Pychyl et al., 2000; Schouwenburg, 2004; Steel, 2007).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“For example, when applying the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984), one prominent dimension turns out to be aversiveness of task.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“Other research, focusing on planning, has demonstrated that individuals tend to underestimate the necessary time it takes to complete tasks (the planning fallacy; Kahneman and Tversky, 1979; Kahneman and Lovallo, 1993) and to prefer longer deadlines when allowed to choose (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“an early study reported peer influence to be a possible, yet not very frequent reason for procrastination (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“They note around 50% of university students display persistent academic procrastination, and more than 80% of them engage in procrastination behaviors [6,8,31,32,37,38].”
From ClearMind Workshop: An ACT-based Intervention Tailored for Academic Procrastination among Computing Students (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“They note around 50% of university students display persistent academic procrastination, and more than 80% of them engage in procrastination behaviors [6,8,31,32,37,38].”
From ClearMind Workshop: An ACT-based Intervention Tailored for Academic Procrastination among Computing Students (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Trait procrastination and perfectionism are each known to have consequences for academic performance (e.g., Rice, Richardson, & Ray, 2016; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
From A Meta–Analytic and Conceptual Update on the Associations between Procrastination and Multidimensional Perfectionism (2017) · cites this paper as Solomon & Rothblum, 1984
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Cited by
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Attributions of Responsibility and Blame for Procrastination Behavior
Rahimi, S., Hall, N. C., & Pychyl, T. A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01179 · Cited by 41
“…settings, students who procrastinate tend to demonstrate greater negative affect (e.g., guilt, shame; Fee and Tangney, 2000), poorer study habits (e.g., Solomon and Rothblum, 1984), and lower grades relative to nonprocrastinators (e.g., Klassen et al., 2008; Corkin et al., 2011; Kim and Seo, 2015).”
BackgroundAcademic Procrastination in STEM: Interactive Effects of Stereotype Threat and Achievement Goals
Deemer, E. D., Smith, J. L., Carroll, A. N., & Carpenter, J. P. (2014) · The Career Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2014.00076.x · Cited by 36
Validation of the Spanish version of the Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS)
Guilera, G., Barrios, M., Penelo, E., Morin, C., Steel, P., & Gómez‐Benito, J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190806 · Cited by 31
“In a recent publication, Steel [5] identified five key procrastination scales and their revised versions: a) the Decisional Procrastination Questionnaire (DPQ) [8], consisting of 30 items measuring decisional procrastination; b) the General Procrastination Scale (GPS) [9], formed by 20 items that assess procrastinatio…”
MethodTrujillo-Chumán, K., Vallejo-Perú, U. C., Noé-Grijalva, M., & Vallejo-Perú, U. C. (2019) · Revista de Psicología y Educación - Journal of Psychology and Education · doi:10.23923/rpye2020.01.189 · Cited by 39
The Impact of Flipped Learning on Procrastination and Students' Attitudes toward It
Abuhmaid, A. M., & Abood, M. H. (2020) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.080228 · Cited by 39
Explanation of academic procrastination from self-esteem, state anxiety, self-efficacy
Aydoğan, D., & Özbay, Y. (2012) · Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction · doi:10.14527/c2s3m1 · Cited by 34
González-Brignardello, M. P., & Paniagua, Á. S.-E. (2013) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.10.1.7039 · Cited by 49
Temporal Motivation Theory: Best Theory (Yet) to Explain Procrastination
Siaputra, I. B. (2010) · ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal · doi:10.24123/aipj.v25i3.4308 · Cited by 30
“Another approach made by behavioristic theorist further aimed at behaviors to avoid unpleasant stimulus (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundPurdie, F., Ward, L. J., McAdie, T. M., KING, N. M., & Drysdale, M. (2013) · University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield) · Cited by 30
The mystery of “should”: Procrastination, delay, and reactance in academic settings
Malatincová, T. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.015 · Cited by 30
The ABC of academic procrastination: Functional analysis of a detrimental habit
Svartdal, F., & Løkke, J. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019261 · Cited by 69
“Examples include the postmark on participants’ envelopes when submitting a survey (Lay, 1986), the completion time of a research study (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984), turning in papers “late” or “early” (Tice and Baumeister, 1997), and the number of days participants took in returning a folder (Ferrari, 1992).”
BackgroundÖZYER, K. K., & Altınsoy, F. (2023) · Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.52380/mojet.2023.11.1.459 · Cited by 36
“Academic procrastination is the tendency of the student to delay or move his or her academic responsibilities to a future date (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), the tendency to voluntarily postpone a work plan related to academic duties despite the inevitable negative consequences (Steel & Klingsieck,…”
BackgroundTurner, M., & Hodis, F. A. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09838-x · Cited by 44
“…of college students occasionally procrastinate (Ellis & Knaus, 1979; Fentaw et al., 2022; O’Brien, 2000; Steel, 2007) and 25–50% of college students chronically procrastinate (Day et al., 2000; Haycock, 1993; Onwuegbuzie, 2000; Özer et al., 2009; Rahimi & Hall, 2021; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
Wypych, M., Michałowski, J. M., Droździel, D., Borczykowska, M., Szczepanik, M., & Marchewka, A. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48008-4 · Cited by 35
Gort, C., Marcusson-Clavertz, D., & Kuehner, C. (2021) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-020-00353-4 · Cited by 29
“2011; Solomon and Rothblum 1984) and prevalent across different nationalities, ages and genderes (Beutel et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, Q., Kou, Z., Du, Y., Wang, K., & Xu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.789505 · Cited by 40
Cho, M., & Lee, Y. (2022) · Korean journal of medical education · doi:10.3946/kjme.2022.224 · Cited by 39
“This result is higher than the 10% of college students’ procrastination rate in previous studies [7].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTan, T. K., & Lakshminarayanan, S. (2022) · Computers and Education Open · doi:10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100112 · Cited by 29
The Relationship between Frustration Intolerance and Academic Achievement in College
Wilde, J. (2012) · International Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.5430/ijhe.v1n2p1 · Cited by 29
“Solomon and Rothblum (1984) found that “fear of failure” and “task aversiveness” account for most of the variance in their study on the cognitive-behavioral correlates of procrastination.”
Backgroundvan Putten, M., Zeelenberg, M., van Dijk, E., & Tykocinski, O. E. (2013) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2013.841481 · Cited by 32
“When procrastinating, people delay or fail to perform a task and feel very uncomfortable doing it (Rothblum, Solomon, & Murakami, 1986; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundHuang, S., Deshpande, A., Yeo, S.-C., Lo, J. C., Chee, M. W. L., & Gooley, J. J. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.6092 · Cited by 28
Parmaksız, İ. (2022) · Psychology in the schools (Print) · doi:10.1002/pits.22765 · Cited by 24
Drysdale, M., & McBeath, M. L. (2014) · Asia-Pacific journal of cooperative education · Cited by 28
Traş, Z., & Gökçen, G. (2020) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v13n9p23 · Cited by 34
“Academic procrastination; school-related duties and responsibilities are defined as anxiety caused by delaying academic tasks and jobs for various reasons or for no reason (Akdemir, 2013; Balkis, Erdinç, Buluş, & Duru, 2006; Steel, 2007; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundMadjid, A., Sutoyo, D. A., & Shodiq, S. F. (2021) · Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan · doi:10.21831/cp.v40i1.34641 · Cited by 28
“Academic procrastination variables were measured using the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) developed by Solomon & Rothblum (1984).”
MethodYang, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.690838 · Cited by 38
Relationship between Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Procrastination
San, Y. L., Roslan, S. B., & Sabouripour, F. (2016) · American Journal of Applied Sciences · doi:10.3844/ajassp.2016.459.466 · Cited by 38
ÇETİN, N., & Ceyhan, E. (2017) · Hacettepe University Journal of Education · doi:10.16986/huje.2017028261 · Cited by 28
Lindblom‐Ylänne, S., Saariaho, E., Inkinen, M., Haarala-Muhonen, A., & Hailikari, T. K. (2015) · Frontline Learning Research · doi:10.14786/flr.v3i2.154 · Cited by 28
Feyzi Behnagh, R., & Ferrari, J. R. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02653-z · Cited by 28
“Early studies point to the link between these two constructs (e.g., Ellis & Knaus, 1977; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundInfluentialDuru, E., Balkıs, M., & Duru, S. (2024) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-024-00868-9 · Cited by 52
“In parallel, earlier evidence suggests that students cite fear of failure as the main reason for procrastination (Özer et al., 2009; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
Prevalence of Academic Procrastination and Its Negative Impact on Students
Ahmed, I., Bernhardt, G. V., & Shivappa, P. (2023) · Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ) · doi:10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_64_23 · Cited by 27
SELF-REGULATED LEARNING DAN PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 2 PURWOKERTO
Santika, W. S., & Sawitri, D. R. (2016) · Jurnal EMPATI · doi:10.14710/empati.2016.14946 · Cited by 27
“Prokrastinasi juga dapat menyebabkan sulitnya berkonsentrasi karena ada perasaan cemas, sehingga motivasi belajar dan kepercayaan diri menjadi rendah (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
Empower, not impose!—Preventing academic procrastination
Hoppe, J. D., Prokop, P., & Rau, R. (2018) · Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community · doi:10.1080/10852352.2016.1198172 · Cited by 31
“…procrastinate tasks that are perceived as unpleasant (Conti, 2000; Milgram, Marshevsky, & Sadeh, 1995; Pychyl, Lee, Thibodeau, & Blunt, 2000), difficult (Ackerman & Gross, 2005; Janssen & Carton, 1999), aversive (Blunt & Pychyl, 2000; Pychyl et al., 2000; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), or ambiguous.”
Procrastinación académica y ansiedad en estudiantes universitarios de Madre de Dios, Perú
Araoz, E. E. E., & Uchasara, H. J. M. (2020) · Apuntes Universitarios · doi:10.17162/au.v10i4.517 · Cited by 12
Osiurak, F., Faure, J., Rabeyron, T., Morange, D., Dumet, N., Tapiero, I., Poussin, M., Navarro, J., Reynaud, E., & Finkel, A. (2015) · Pratiques Psychologiques · doi:10.1016/j.prps.2015.01.001 · Cited by 30
“Ces comportements peuvent induire un sentiment subjectif de déconfort lorsqu’ils deviennent trop familiers (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychological attributes and work-integrated learning: an international study
Drysdale, M., McBeath, M. L., Johansson, K., Dressler, S., & Zaitseva, E. (2016) · Higher Education Skills and Work-based Learning · doi:10.1108/heswbl-02-2015-0004 · Cited by 27
PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI RELIGIUSITAS
Basri, A. S. H. (2018) · HISBAH Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling dan Dakwah Islam · doi:10.14421/hisbah.2017.142-05 · Cited by 26
Mozahem, N. A. (2020) · International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning · doi:10.4018/ijmbl.2020070102 · Cited by 26
Kınık, Ö., & Odacı, H. (2020) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2020.1780564 · Cited by 26
Prokrastinasi Akademik Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Khoirunnisa, R. N., Jannah, M., Dewi, D. K., & Satiningsih, S. (2021) · Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan · doi:10.26740/jptt.v11n3.p278-292 · Cited by 26
Xue, X., Wang, Y., Li, H., Gao, J., & Si, J. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02133-4 · Cited by 31
Ashraf, M. A., Sahar, N.-E., Kamran, M., & Alam, J. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13070537 · Cited by 50
“Procrastination unnecessarily puts off everyday jobs to the point that one starts to feel uneasy [2].”
BackgroundHow wise are online procrastinators? A scale development
Negra, A., & Mzoughi, M. N. (2012) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/10662241211250971 · Cited by 27
Relative importance index (RII) in ranking of procrastination factors among university students
Aziz, N. B., Zain, Z. B., Mafuzi, R. M. Z. R., Mustapa, A. M., Najib, N. H. M., & Lah, N. F. N. (2016) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.4960862 · Cited by 25
Loneliness and Problematic Internet Use (PIU) as Causes of Academic Procrastination
Andangsari, E. W., Djunaidi, A., Fitriana, E., & Harding, D. (2018) · International Journal of Social Science Studies · doi:10.11114/ijsss.v6i2.2834 · Cited by 29
“The students committed the academic procrastination within the scope of writing a paper, studying for the exam, and doing weekly readings (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundHua, M., & Wang, L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280919 · Cited by 29
“Academic procrastination is a negative learning method applied by students in the process phase, entailing the non-rational behavior of deferring the start of the learning task or extending the deadline of the task [96].”
MethodConstrução da escala de motivos da procrastinação acadêmica
Geara, G. B., Filho, N. H., & Teixeira, M. A. P. (2017) · Psico · doi:10.15448/1980-8623.2017.2.24635 · Cited by 27
Why Do It Later? Goal Orientation, Self-efficacy, Test Anxiety, on Procrastination
Ariani, D. W., & Susilo, Y. S. (2018) · Journal of Educational Cultural and Psychological Studies (ECPS Journal) · doi:10.7358/ecps-2018-017-wahy · Cited by 28
“Previous researchers had stated that the fear of failure or test anxiety positively related to procrastination (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984; Van Eerde, 2003; Alexander & Onwuegbuzie, 2007).”
BackgroundThe 4PA of plagiarism: A psycho-academic profile of plagiarists
Siaputra, I. B. (2013) · International Journal for Educational Integrity · doi:10.21913/ijei.v9i2.892 · Cited by 25
“Procrastination was measured using the Aitken Procrastination Inventory/API (Aitken,1982) and Procrastination Assessment Scale – Student/PASS (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
MethodDistress Tolerance and Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy: A New Role for Behavioral Analogue Tasks
Rodman, S. A., Daughters, S. B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2009) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-009-0090-4 · Cited by 25
“the association between frustration intolerance and procrastination in a sample of college students, examining the impact of frustration intolerance on the frequency, problem severity, and total procrastination score on the Procrastination Assessment Scale- Students (PASS; Solomon and Rothblum 1984, as cited in Harrin…”
MethodThe effect of procrastination on academic achievement: A meta-analysis study
Akpur, U. (2020) · International Journal of Educational Methodology · doi:10.12973/ijem.6.4.681 · Cited by 24
“Similarly, Solomon and Rothblum (1984) in their study conclude that “fear of failure” and “aversiveness of the task” account for most of the variance among other variables considered as the grounds for delaying behaviours.”
BackgroundWu, W., Zhang, J., & Jo, N. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15010084 · Cited by 49
“In support of this, Becker et al. (2013) found in a large-scale survey of 3019 undergraduates that frequent media multitasking behaviors significantly predicted social anxiety, even when controlling for other factors such as general media use and personality traits.”
Hubungan Self-Regulated Learning dengan Prokrastinasi Akademik pada Siswa Akselerasi
Alfina, I. A. D. (2014) · Psikoborneo Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi · doi:10.30872/psikoborneo.v2i1.3575 · Cited by 24
Mitina, L. M., & Валерьевич, М. Г. (2020) · Psychological Science and Education · doi:10.17759/pse.2020250308 · Cited by 24
Oram, R., & Rogers, M. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l éducation · doi:10.53967/cje-rce.v45i3.5293 · Cited by 34
“The Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) is a two-part, 44-item self-report measure assessing students’ procrastination.”
MethodLi, S., Su, J., Zhao, D., Wang, J., & Wang, G. (2023) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1630 · Cited by 37
“To measure the procrastination of university students when performing various academic tasks, the first part of the Procrastination Assessment Scale (PASS) was used (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundMethodFlores, J. G., Gutiérrez, M. R. D. B., & Garzón-Umerenkova, A. (2019) · Revista de Investigación Educativa · doi:10.6018/rie.344781 · Cited by 24
Ferrari, J. R., Doroszko, E., & Joseph, N. P. (2005) · Individual Differences Research · doi:10.65030/idr.03012 · Cited by 24
Evaluation einer kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Intervention zur Reduktion von Prokrastination
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Brief cognitive-behavioural coaching for procrastination: a case series
Karas, D., & Spada, M. M. (2009) · Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/17521880802379700 · Cited by 40
“Procrastination, which has been conceptualized as the intentional delay in the initiation or completion of important tasks to the point of discomfort (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), is so common that it hardly seems problematic or worthy of significant scrutiny.”
BackgroundElizondo, K., Valenzuela, R., Pestana, J., & Codina, N. (2023) · Psychology in the schools (Print) · doi:10.1002/pits.23088 · Cited by 35
Demeter, K., Kinga, S., Edit, M., Farcas, S., Kálcza-Jánosi, K., & Réka, J. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.009 · Cited by 27
“Several studies examined the relationship between attitudes toward school, procrastination and academic performance (Tice & Baumeister, 1997; Elvers, Polzella & Graetz, 2003; Day, Mensink, & O’Sullivan, 2000; Schouwenburg, 1995; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984; Wolters, 2003; Klingsieck, 2013).”
López‐López, A., Pérez, L. T., González, J. L., Matías‐Pompa, B., & Fernández, M. A. (2020) · Clínica Contemporánea · doi:10.5093/cc2020a3 · Cited by 23
Akademik Erteleme Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Balkıs, M., & Duru, E. (2021) · Pamukkale University Journal of Education · doi:10.9779/pauefd.952291 · Cited by 26
Sun, T., & Kim, J.-E. (2022) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2083462 · Cited by 25
“…self-reported questionnaires, including the Procrastination Assessment Scale – Students (PASS; Ferrari et al., 1992; Kachgal et al., 2001; Owens & Newbegin, 1997; € Ozer et al., 2009; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) and the Pacing Action Categories of Effort Distribution (PACED; Gevers et al., 2015).”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Bai, X., & Yang, W. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159355 · Cited by 27
“Procrastination, which is viewed as the act of unnecessarily delaying task progress or completion, and usually causes personal subjective discomfort [1], is very common in both student and general populations [2].”
BackgroundAutorregulação da aprendizagem e a procrastinação acadêmica em estudantes universitários
Sampaio, R. K. N., Polydoro, S. A. J., & Rosário, P. S. L. D. F. (1970) · Cadernos de Educação · doi:10.15210/caduc.v0i42.2151 · Cited by 23
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Schodl, M. M., Raz, A., & Kluger, A. N. (2018) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12147 · Cited by 25
“• Procrastination Assessment Scale–Students (PASS; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
From Bi-Dimensionality to Uni-Dimensionality in Self-Report Questionnaires
Schmalbach, B., Zenger, M., Michaelides, M. P., Schermelleh-Engel, K., Hinz, A., Körner, A., Beutel, M. E., Decker, O., Kliem, S., & Brähler, E. (2020) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000583 · Cited by 26
Piemontesi, S. E., Heredia, D., Furlán, L. A., Sánchez-Rosas, J., & de Vaca, P. M. N.-C. (2012) · Digitum: Institutional Repository of the University of Murcia (University of Murcia) · Cited by 25
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Zaman Yönetimi Becerileri İle Akademik Erteleme Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Aydın, K. S., & Koçak, S. (2016) · Uşak üniversitesi eğitim araştırmaları dergisi/Uşak Üniversitesi eğitim araştırmaları dergisi · doi:10.29065/usakead.256378 · Cited by 23
Kader, A. A. (2016) · International Review of Economics Education · doi:10.1016/j.iree.2016.07.002 · Cited by 30
Abramowski, A. (2018) · Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community · doi:10.1080/10852352.2016.1198168 · Cited by 31
“Task aversiveness is related to students disliking engaging in academic tasks and lacking any vigor to do so (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundShirvan, M. E., Khajavy, G. H., Nazifi, M., & Taherian, T. (2018) · New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development · doi:10.1002/nha3.20230 · Cited by 23
de la Fuente, J., Malpica-Chavarria, E. A., Garzón-Umerenkova, A., & Pachón-Basallo, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18178944 · Cited by 22
“The Procrastination Assessment Scale-Student (PASS) by Solomon and Rothblum (1984) [68] in its Spanish version and adapted to the Colombian population by Garzón and Gil (2017) [69] was used.”
MethodDefense Styles, Academic Procrastination, Psychological Wellbeing, and Approaches to Learning
Vlachopanou, P., & Karagiannopoulou, E. (2021) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001423 · Cited by 22
“Procrastination was assessed with the Procrastination Assessment Scale Questionnaire (PASS) questionnaire (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984, adjust in Greek by Chatzidimou, 1994), a self-reported measure that evaluated the frequency of students’ procrastination.”
MethodSocial factors of procrastination: group work can reduce procrastination among students
Koppenborg, M., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2022) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-021-09682-3 · Cited by 39
“…delay of an intended course of studyrelated action despite expecting to be worse off for the delay (Steel & Klingsieck, 2016), is a common self-regulation failure (Pychyl & Flett, 2012; Steel, 2007) that seems quite prevalent among students (e.g., Day et al., 2000; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundXu, X., Wang, Y., Lü, Y., & Zhu, D. (2022) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-022-00657-2 · Cited by 22
“…effects on individuals, such as academic performance decline, reduced self-efficacy, stress, and reduced well-being (Kim & Seo, 2015; Krause & Fruend, 2014; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984; van Eerde, 2003), which greatly restricts the improvement in talent cultivation in higher vocational colleges.”
BackgroundAntón, L. J. M., Aramayo-Ruiz, K. P., Rodríguez-Sáez, J. L., & Manzanares, M. C. S. (2022) · Educación XX1 · doi:10.5944/educxx1.31553 · Cited by 22
Üztemur, S., & Dinç, E. (2022) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22818 · Cited by 26
Gargari, R. B., Sabouri, H., & Norzad, F. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 22
Procrastinação acadêmica: Um estudo exploratório
Sampaio, R. K. N., & Bariani, I. C. D. (2011) · Estudos Interdisciplinares em Psicologia · doi:10.5433/2236-6407.2011v2n2p242 · Cited by 22
Mortazanajad, H., mostafafi, F., & Vahedi, S. (2009) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 22
Understanding the academic procrastination attitude of language learners in Turkish universities
Bekleyen, N. (2017) · Educational Research and Reviews · doi:10.5897/err2016.3122 · Cited by 24
“In a study conducted by Solomon and Rothblum (1984), students reported that they procrastinated on writing a term paper (46%), studying for exams (27.6%), and reading weekly assignments (30.1%).”
BackgroundInfluentialHorn, D., & Kiss, H. J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190163 · Cited by 23
van Hooft, E. A. J., & van Mierlo, H. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00464 · Cited by 23
“The items were based on individual-level behavioral procrastination measures used in previous research (e.g., Solomon and Rothblum, 1984; Milgram and Toubiana, 1999; Wolters, 2003) and Steel’s (2007) behavioral definition of procrastination to ensure content validity.”
BackgroundMethodKaftan, O. J., & Freund, A. M. (2018) · Motivation Science · doi:10.1037/mot0000110 · Cited by 21
Zhou, M., & Kam, C. C. S. (2017) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2017.1293801 · Cited by 31
“Second, as Solomon and Rothblum (1984) pointed out, procrastination is not simply a deficit of study or work habits and time management; it also involves a complex interaction of affective, cognitive and behavioural elements.”
BackgroundStuart, E. M. (2013) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 22
PERBEDAAN PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN PADA MAHASISWA
Astuti, Y., Nisa, H., Sari, K., & Kumala, I. D. (2021) · SEURUNE Jurnal Psikologi UNSYIAH · doi:10.24815/s-jpu.v4i2.22108 · Cited by 39
Ma, Y., Yang, X. M., Hong, L., & Tang, R. (2022) · International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting · doi:10.1155/2022/6722805 · Cited by 21
“believe that academic procrastination is the behavior of individuals who choose to show voluntary delay in learning tasks that need to be completed within the expected time even when they know that delay will have adverse consequences [16].”
BackgroundDelaying Academic Tasks and Feeling Bad About It
Bobe, J., Schnettler, T., Scheunemann, A., Fries, S., Bäulke, L., Thies, D. O., Dresel, M., Leutner, D., Wirth, J., Klingsieck, K. B., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000728 · Cited by 28
“Hence, subjective discomfort while procrastinating (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984 ) is not covered by the wording of the items in these scales.”
InfluentialCheng, S., Xie, K., & Collier, J. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104724 · Cited by 26
Bias in the Assessment of Regulation Activities in Studying at the Level of Higher Education
Minnaert, A. E. M. G., & Janssen, P. J. (1997) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.13.2.99 · Cited by 21
Cantwell, R., Scevak, J., Bourke, S. F., & Holbrook, A. (2012) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2012.02.001 · Cited by 21
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students
Yockey, R. D., & Kralowec, C. J. (2015) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244015611456 · Cited by 27
“Although the full-length scale contains 26 items, based on the results of a factor analysis, Solomon and Rothblum (1984) interpreted two factors, which consisted of 8 items in total: “fear of failure” (Items 19, 24, 33, 39, and 42) and “aversiveness of task” (Items 27, 34, and 35).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPsycho-Educational Group Intervention Based on Reality Therapy to Cope with Academic Procrastination
Çelik, Ç. B., & Odacı, H. (2017) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-017-0283-1 · Cited by 21
Procrastination as evidence of executive functioning impairment in college students
Rinaldi, A., Roper, C., & Mehm, J. G. (2019) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2019.1684293 · Cited by 26
“The procrastination literature is rife with examples of college students who chronically procrastinate, most of whom express a desire to change their behavior (Milgram, Marshevsky, & Sadeh, 1995; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- ORCID
- Rothblum, Esther D.
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 1984-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 503-509
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2000089174
- Cited by
- 1,788
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 74 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 127 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
- Keywords
- academic procrastination, university students
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