The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates.
Abstract
Analyse factorielle des raisons invoquees par 342 etudiants pour rendre compte de leur temporisation dans certaines tâches universitaires, apres un examen de la frequence d'un tel comportement
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“Este fenómeno no es reciente: investigaciones que datan de los años 80 ya mostraban que la procrastinación no se limitaba a un problema de hábitos de estudio o manejo del tiempo, sino que era una compleja interacción de factores conductuales, afectivos y cognitivos(Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
From Uso de redes sociales y procrastinación en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática (2023) · cites this paper as Solomon & Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“Several outcome measures have been proposed and are often implemented when investigating the prevalence of procrastination among students and the adult population, most notably the General Procrastination Scale (Lay, 1986), the Adult Inventory of Procrastination (Steel, 2010), the Decisional Procrastination Questionnaire (Steel, 2010), the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (Solomon & Rothb”
From Understanding and Treating Procrastination: A Review of a Common Self-Regulatory Failure (2014) · cites this paper as Solomon & Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“Conservative estimates indicate that at least half of all students habitually procrastinate tasks that are important to them, such as reading for exams, writing term papers, and keeping up with weekly assignments (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984; Tice and Baumeister, 1997; Pychyl et al., 2000; Schouwenburg, 2004; Steel, 2007).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“For example, when applying the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984), one prominent dimension turns out to be aversiveness of task.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“Other research, focusing on planning, has demonstrated that individuals tend to underestimate the necessary time it takes to complete tasks (the planning fallacy; Kahneman and Tversky, 1979; Kahneman and Lovallo, 1993) and to prefer longer deadlines when allowed to choose (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“an early study reported peer influence to be a possible, yet not very frequent reason for procrastination (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Solomon and Rothblum, 1984
In the citing paper
“They note around 50% of university students display persistent academic procrastination, and more than 80% of them engage in procrastination behaviors [6,8,31,32,37,38].”
From ClearMind Workshop: An ACT-based Intervention Tailored for Academic Procrastination among Computing Students (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“They note around 50% of university students display persistent academic procrastination, and more than 80% of them engage in procrastination behaviors [6,8,31,32,37,38].”
From ClearMind Workshop: An ACT-based Intervention Tailored for Academic Procrastination among Computing Students (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Trait procrastination and perfectionism are each known to have consequences for academic performance (e.g., Rice, Richardson, & Ray, 2016; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
From A Meta–Analytic and Conceptual Update on the Associations between Procrastination and Multidimensional Perfectionism (2017) · cites this paper as Solomon & Rothblum, 1984
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Peper, E., Harvey, R., Lin, I., & Duvvuri, P. (2014) · Biofeedback · doi:10.5298/1081-5937-42.2.06 · Cited by 8
“Human beings often delay doing their homework or other important tasks, and repeatedly declare they will start their exercise program or diets ‘‘tomorrow’’ (Ariely &Wertenbroch, 2002; Schraw, Wadkins, & Olafson, 2007; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundWulandari, N. K., & Rustika, I. M. (2016) · Jurnal Psikologi Udayana · doi:10.24843/jpu.2016.v03.i02.p06 · Cited by 8
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YAKUT, E., & KURU, Ö. (2020) · Business & Management Studies: An International Journal · doi:10.15295/bmij.v8i2.1503 · Cited by 8
Riva, S., Gorini, A., Cutica, I., Mazzocco, K., & Pravettoni, G. (2015) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s193029750000704x · Cited by 8
“…to “inaction” tendencies, such as procrastination, defined as “the act of needlessly delaying tasks to the point of experiencing subjective discomfort” (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984, p. 503), and avoidance, that is the act of refraining from, or escaping from, a disturbing action, person or thing.”
BackgroundHandaru, A. W., Lase, E. P. S., & Paramita, W. (2014) · Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia · Cited by 8
Gürültü, E., & Deniz, L. (2017) · Journal of Human Sciences · doi:10.14687/jhs.v14i1.4322 · Cited by 8
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“Cognitive studies on the causes of procrastination have shown that perfectionism, fear of failure, cognitive distortions, negative automatic thoughts, and non-rational thoughts lead to academic procrastination (Beswick, Rothblum, & Mann, 1988; Flett, Stainton, Hewitt, Sherry, & Lay, 2012; Kağan; Solomon and Rothblum,…”
InfluentialLuo, X., Ma, J., & Hu, Y. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02216-2 · Cited by 11
“For college students, Solomon and Rothblum (1984) found that at least 46% of college students reported to be engaged in procrastination, and Rahimi et al. (2016) noted that 80–95% et al., 2016; Steel, 2007).”
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“When relevant body of literature is examined, one can see that poor time management triggers academic procrastination behavior (Balkıs et al., 2006; Kağan, 2009, 2010; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundInfluentialBerger, J., & Davinroy, D. R. (2016) · Mesure et évaluation en éducation · doi:10.7202/1036700ar · Cited by 8
“…un certain nombre d’heures, mais il n’arrive pas à s’y mettre. au final, il travaille donc moins longtemps que ce qu’il avait escompté. il attend ainsi souvent le dernier moment, jusqu’à éprouver un certain stress lié au fait qu’il n’a pas commencé la tâche plus tôt (solomon & rothblum, 1984).”
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“One of the most important reasons behind procrastination is the fear of failure (Fiore, 1989; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
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“My early research focused on academic procrastination (Beswick et al., 1988; Rothblum et al., 1986; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) found a gender difference in self-reported reasons why students procrastinate about writing, with women more likely than men to report fear of negative evaluation from…”
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“By (academic) procras-tination, Solomon and Rothblum (1984) refer to ‘the act of needlessly delaying intended tasks to the point of experiencing subjective discomfort’ (p. 503).”
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“According to Solomon and Rothblum (1984), procrastination is the unneeded or wasted behavior to do the assignment that causes discomfort of the person.”
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“Ademais, uma das principais variáveis da procrastinação é o medo do fracasso causado pela ansiedade da aproximação da entrega dos trabalhos acadêmicos e para diminuir a aflição, a atividade é adiada, e no esforço de salvar sua decisão inventam desculpas e imprevistos (Somers, 2008).”
BackgroundNiknam, M., Karimi, G. R., & Amiri, F. (2023) · doi:10.61838/kman.jayps.4.4.8 · Cited by 8
Time Well Wasted? Online Procrastination During Times of Unemployment
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Universidad de San Martín de Porres, P., & Dominguez-Lara, S. (2017) · Cultura · doi:10.24265/cultura.2017.v31.10 · Cited by 7
“…postergan sus actividades por falta de agrado hacia la misma (Steel, 2007), dificultad percibida o el miedo a fallar (Brownlow & Reasinger, 2000; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984); y la autorregulación académica se refiere a una correcta planificación de las tareas, asistir puntualmente a clases,…”
Kaftan, O. J., & Freund, A. M. (2018) · Research in Human Development · doi:10.1080/15427609.2018.1489096 · Cited by 7
“The expectation of being worse off is often accompanied by discomfort (e.g., Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), resulting from a certain type of goal conflict, namely, of not acting in accordance with one’s goal hierarchy.”
BackgroundCollins, K. M. T., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Jiao, Q. G. (2009) · International journal on teaching and learning in higher education · Cited by 7
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“…potentially adaptive to one’s environment, maladaptive perfectionism is associated with a host of psychological difficulties including feelings of failure, guilt, indecisiveness, procrastination, shame, and low self-esteem (Hollender, 1965; Pacht, 1984; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984; Sorotzkin, 1985).”
BackgroundFactors Affecting Academic Procrastination
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“Students are generally considered worse-off when it comes to recurrently and problematically delaying important curricular activities, with more than half of this population stating that they would like to reduce their procrastination (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
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“Rothblum and Solomon [9] initially described academic procrastination as the "unnecessary procrastination of tasks to the point of experiencing subjective discomfort," Research by Anindyajati et al. [10] suggested that academic procrastination can lead to anxiety among medical students who worry…”
Trelles, X. F. R., Cevallos, P. I. A., Torres, K. P. C., & Parra, J. N. G. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40787 · Cited by 15
“Most use the scale developed by Tuckman [82] or the one created by Solomon and Rothblum [83], which are recommended for use.”
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“Students delay necessary learning tasks, resulting in insufficient time and rushing to deal with them before the submission deadline [1].”
BackgroundMethodUniversitat de Barcelona, S., Nieto-Fernández, S., Faure‐Carvallo, A., Universitat de Barcelona, S., Calderón, C., Universitat de Barcelona, S., Carnicer, J. G., & Universitat de Barcelona, S. (2024) · International Journal of Instruction · doi:10.29333/iji.2024.17221a · Cited by 6
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“This scale can be used to assess the level of exam anxiety in students (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984).”
MethodThe impact of artistic sports on academic self-efficacy
Ye, T., & Wang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1458460 · Cited by 6
“This study employed the academic procrastination scale developed by Solomon and Rothblum (1984), revised by Guan (2006), to evaluate students’ tendencies in academic procrastination across six aspects: writing term papers, reviewing coursework material, completing weekly assignments, managing…”
Parental control of child as a predictor of academicprocrastination
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“Prokratinasi akademik secara garis besar didefinisikan sebagai perilaku menunda tugas-tugas akademis (seperti: mengerjakan PR, mempersiapkan diri untuk ujian, atau mengerjakan tugas makalah) sampai batas akhir waktu yang tersedia (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
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“The scale used was 44 items adapted from the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) made by Solomon & Rothblum (1984).”
MethodFebriani, R. O., & Erfantinni, I. H. (2020) · JKTP Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan · doi:10.17977/um038v3i42020p388 · Cited by 6
“…perilaku yang cenderung melakukan penundaan pada saat mengawali proses penyelesaian tugas dengan mendahulukan kegiatan yang lain dan tidak bermanfaat sehingga ditemukan hambatan dalam penyelesaian tugas, terjadi ketidaktepatan waktu penyelesaian, dan seringkali terlambat (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundPengaruh Kontrol Diri Terhadap Prokrastinasi Akademik Siswa Kelas XI SMA N 1 Kedungwuni
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“Three scales were used: a general procrastination scale (Lay, 1986); a scale of decision-making procrastination (Mann, 1982); and a scale of procrastination for academic work (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984; Osiurak et al., 2015).”
MethodHazan‐Liran, B. (2023) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.47.2.11 · Cited by 6
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“Academic procrastination is the voluntary delay in starting or completing academic tasks such as homework assignments (Li et al., 2021; Solomon and Rothblum, 1984; Zarrin et al., 2020).”
BackgroundProcrastination and Aggression for Mental Disorders in Young People
Zvereva, M., Enikolopov, S. N., & Oleichik, I. V. (2015) · Psychological Science and Education · doi:10.17759/pse.2015200208 · Cited by 6
Studierende schieben Pflichten auf, aber auch persönliche Projekte
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Lohbeck, A., Hagenauer, G., Mühlig, A., Moschner, B., & Gläser‐Zikuda, M. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s11618-016-0718-y · Cited by 6
Terada, M. (2017) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2017.84032 · Cited by 7
Lim, J.-W., Phang, J., Low, M.-Y., & Tan, C. (2017) · Creativity Theories – Research – Applications · doi:10.1515/ctra-2017-0005 · Cited by 6
“Procrastination refers to the intention to delay the completion or the commencement of a given task (Brownlow & Reasinger, 2000; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984).”
BackgroundFirouzabad, Y. H., Nejad, S. B., & Davoudi, I. (2018) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.424 · Cited by 7
“nation is associated with certain concerns such as fear of failure, test anxiety, social anxiety, and shyness [13].”
BackgroundSarajar, D. K. (2016) · Insight Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi · doi:10.26486/psikologi.v18i2.393 · Cited by 6
Measuring Academic Procrastination: Scale Development and Validation
Bashir, L., & Gupta, S. (2019) · İlköğretim Online · Cited by 6
Hidaka, T., Endo, S., Kasuga, H., Masuishi, Y., Kakamu, T., Kumagai, T., Saito, K., Abe, K., & Fukushima, T. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031681 · Cited by 6
Procrastination in the workplace: The role of hierarchical career plateau
Uysal, H. T., & YILMAZ, F. (2020) · Upravlenets · doi:10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-3-7 · Cited by 11
“Pressure, anxiety, sadness and discomfort associated with a job that has been postponed until the last moment are related to the affective component of WP [Solomon, Rothblum, 1984; Senecal et al., 1995; Haycock et al., 1998].”
BackgroundInfluentialUnintentional procrastination, self control, and academic achievements
Franz, I. (2020) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645292.2020.1801596 · Cited by 6
Yosopov, L. (2020) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 6
Kasuga, H., Endo, S., Masuishi, Y., Hidaka, T., Kakamu, T., Saito, K., Abe, K., & Fukushima, T. (2021) · FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.5387/fms.2021-16 · Cited by 6
Galindo-Contreras, J., & Olivas-Ugarte, L. O. (2022) · Propósitos y Representaciones · doi:10.20511/pyr2022.v10n1.1381 · Cited by 6
İŞ GÜVENCESİZLİĞİ İLE İŞYERİ PROKRASTİNASYONU (ERTELEME ALIŞKANLIĞI) İLİŞKİSİ
Sadykova, G. (2016) · International Journal of Management Economics and Business · doi:10.17130/ijmeb.20163024227 · Cited by 6
Münscher, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18045-7 · Cited by 7
Clariana, M., Cladellas, R., Gotzens, C., Badia, M., & Sáez, T. D. (2017) · Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology · doi:10.25115/ejrep.33.14006 · Cited by 6
Prokrastynacja – struktura konstruktu a stosowane skale pomiarowe
Jaworska-Gruszczyńska, I. (2016) · Testy psychologiczne w praktyce i badaniach · doi:10.14746/tppb.2016.1.3 · Cited by 6
Yip, K.-Y., & Leung, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2796-3_12 · Cited by 8
ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AND GENDER AS PREDICTORS OF SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT
Bezci, F., & Sungur, S. (2013) · Cited by 6
Hubungan antara Problematic Internet Use dengan Prokrastinasi Akademik
Anggunani, A. R., & Purwanto, B. (2019) · Gadjah Mada Journal of Psychology (GamaJoP) · doi:10.22146/gamajop.45399 · Cited by 6
Lasari, D. M. (2020) · Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Sigli · doi:10.47647/jsh.v2i1.136 · Cited by 6
“Solomon & Rothblum (1984) menjelaskan kerugian yang dihasilkan dari perilaku prokrastinasi adalah tugas tidak terselesaikan, atau terselesaikan namun hasilnya tidak maksimal karena sudah deadline, menimbulkan kecemasan sepanjang waktu pengerjaan tugas, sehingga jumlah kesalahan cenderung tinggi…”
BackgroundDifferences in Academic Procrastination Attitude Between Fifth Grade Male and Female Students
Parantika, I. W. A., Suniasih, N. W., & Kristiantari, M. G. R. (2020) · Journal of Psychology and Instructions · doi:10.23887/jpai.v4i1.24451 · Cited by 6
“According to Solomon and Rothblum (1984), such as writing or reading assignments, of course, boys have a tendency to have difficulty working on tasks related to verbal matters.”
BackgroundPsychometric Properties of Adult Inventory of Procrastination in a Turkish Sample
Özer, B. U. (2013) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-013-9177-3 · Cited by 6
“It was estimated that within the USA and Canada, 20 % of adults (Harriot and Ferrari 1996) engage in procrastination (Lay 1986; Solomon and Rothblum 1984), a tendency to delay an action or decision which one intends to do (Ferrari et al.”
BackgroundSella, A. C., Tenório, J. P., Bandini, C. S. M., & Bandini, H. H. M. (2016) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1186/s41155-016-0039-3 · Cited by 6
Adaptation of the PASS Questionnaire on Russian sample
Zvereva, M. (2015) · Psychological Science and Education · doi:10.17759/pse.2015200109 · Cited by 6
Field and Online Experiments on Procrastination and WillpowerPreprint
Burger, N., Charness, G. B., & Lynham, J. M. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 6
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia
(2021) · Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia · doi:10.7454/hubs.asia · Cited by 6
Academic procrastination data of students in Makassar, Indonesia
Rusdi, M. S., Hidayah, N., Rahmawati, H., & Hitipeuw, I. (2020) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.106608 · Cited by 6
Amarnath, A., Ozmen, S., van Klaveren, C., van Straten, A., Pei, J., de Wit, L., Raabe, R. E., Cuijpers, P., & Struijs, S. Y. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100878 · Cited by 6
“…students identify as pro-crastinators worldwide (Sederlund et al., 2020), with over 50 % procrastinating consistently and problematically (Wilson and Nguyen, 2012; Solomon and Rothblum, 1984; Tice and Baumeister, 1997; Pychyl et al., 2000; Schouwenburg et al., 2004; Steel, 2007; Ozer et al., 2009).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- ORCID
- Rothblum, Esther D.
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 1984-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 503-509
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2000089174
- Cited by
- 1,788
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 74 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 127 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
- Keywords
- academic procrastination, university students
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