The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis.
Abstract
This article critically reviews recent (1974–1982) group polarization studies that address themselves to either one of the two primary explanatory mechanisms thought to underly group polarization, namely social comparison and persuasive argumentation processes. A summary of the effect sizes of 21 pu
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Another class of models describe polarization by introducing repulsive interactions, in which users reject opinions that differ from their own [24-26], but this mechanism combined with homophily leads to a decrease of polarization [27, 28].”
From Modeling echo chambers and polarization dynamics in social networks (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
Citations
Cites
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
A theory of social comparison processes
Festinger, L. (1954) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675400700202 · Cited by 20,926
DeLamater, J., & Ward, A. (2013) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0 · Cited by 7,590
Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis
Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (1984) · Cited by 3,925
Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior
JONES, E. E. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,760
Salience, Attention, and Attribution: Top of the Head Phenomena
Taylor, S. E., & Fiske, S. T. (1978) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60009-x · Cited by 1,329
Social Comparison Processes: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives.
Pettigrew, T. F., Suls, J. M., & Miller, R. L. (1979) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2066199 · Cited by 1,164
The group polarization phenomenon.
Myers, D. G., & Lamm, H. (1976) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.83.4.602 · Cited by 1,102
The group as a polarizer of attitudes.
Moscovici, S., & Zavalloni, M. (1969) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027568 · Cited by 1,038
Combining results of independent studies.
Rosenthal, R. (1978) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.85.1.185 · Cited by 910
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,000
Group-Shift and the Consensus EffectPreprint
Dillenberger, D., & Raymond, C. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2739786 · Cited by 3
Peeking into the other half of the glass : handling polarization in recommender systems.
Badami, M. (2017) · doi:10.18297/etd/2693 · Cited by 3
Stephen, V. K. (1999) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 3
OASIS: Open Agent Social Interaction Simulations with One Million Agents
Yang, Z., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z., Jiang, Y., Gan, Z., Wang, Z., Ling, Z., Chen, J., Ma, M., Dong, B., et al. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.11581 · Cited by 3
“…promoting risky behaviors (Nature Reviews Psychology, 2024), contributing to mental health issues among teenagers (Odgers, 2024), social influence (Muchnik et al., 2013), group Polarization (Iandoli et al., 2021; Isenberg, 1986), and spreading misinformation (Vosoughi et al., 2018; Waldrop, 2023).”
Think About It: Promoting Physical Activity With a Mobile App With a Theory-Based Approach
Besoaín, F., & Gallardo, I. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3265891 · Cited by 2
Kende, A., & Pántya, J. (2025) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.70049 · Cited by 2
Opinion dynamics: Statistical physics and beyond
Starnini, M., Baumann, F., Galla, T., Garcia, D., Íñiguez, G., Karsai, M., Lorenz, J., & Sznajd-Weron, K. (2026) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/j1zg-ddqv · Cited by 57
A Study of Factors Affecting Group Polarization in Online Communication: Based on Anonymity
서응교 (2015) · Journal of Distribution Science · doi:10.15722/jds.13.2.201502.75 · Cited by 2
BUDGETARY SLACK CREATION AND TASK PERFORMANCE: COMPARING INDIVIDUALS TO COLLECTIVE UNITS
Kohlmeyer, J. M., & Hunton, J. E. (2004) · Advances in accounting behavioral research · doi:10.1016/s1475-1488(04)07005-x · Cited by 2
Maclay, G. J., & Ahmad, M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259625 · Cited by 2
Besieged fortress syndrome as an element in building the emotions of populism
Ziółkowski, J. (2022) · Society Register · doi:10.14746/sr.2022.6.4.07 · Cited by 2
Team Mental Models: Review, Analysis, and Integration
Rom, E. (2017) · Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.12974/2313-1047.2017.04.01.4 · Cited by 2
Budiman, A., & Hannase, M. (2021) · Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies (MEIS) · doi:10.7454/meis.v8i2.138 · Cited by 2
Interpellation and group polarization: Aspects of group hatred
White, R. S. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies · doi:10.1002/aps.1873 · Cited by 2
Reasoning About Group Polarization: From Semantic Games to Sequent Systems
Freiman, R., Olarte, C. A., Pimentel, E. G., & Fermüller, C. G. (2024) · EPiC series in computing · doi:10.29007/wptz · Cited by 3
Pace, N., & Daidone, S. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2024.102238 · Cited by 2
Designing a personal voting guide: A model for electoral deliberation online
Gastil, J., & Felicetti, A. (2024) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2024.2399201 · Cited by 2
Dimitriadis, I., Giakatos, D. P., Karamanidis, S., Sermpezis, P., Kiki, K., & Vakali, A. I. (2024) · Journalism and Media · doi:10.3390/journalmedia5030085 · Cited by 2
The blame game: a thematic analysis of Islamophobic tweets during the COVID-19 pandemic
Awan, I., Carter, P., & Sutch, H. (2024) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2024.2439025 · Cited by 2
van Ments, L., Jan Treur, A., Klein, J., & Roelofsma, P. H. M. P. (2022) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85821-6_14 · Cited by 2
Questions of Communicative Change and Continuity
Kraemer, B., Müller, P., Peiser, W., & Verlagsgesellschaft, N. (2022) · Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks · doi:10.5771/9783748928232 · Cited by 2
Rogers, M., & Baggili, I. (2009) · Cited by 2
Straus, S. G., Parker, A. M., Bruce, J. B., & Dembosky, J. (2009) · Cited by 2
Sustainability ‘wars’ in a New England town
Krause, E. L., & Sharma, A. (2012) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2012.03.001 · Cited by 2
Swift Trust and Self-Organizing Virtual Communities
Maï, S. N., & Raybaut, A. (2010) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-723-2.ch014 · Cited by 2
Simulation of Public Opinion Development Using Multi-Agent Model
Furuta, K., & Morino, K. (2006) · Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers · doi:10.9746/sicetr1965.42.90 · Cited by 2
Jacobson, M. J., Kapur, M., & Reimann, P. (2014) · NIE Digital Repository (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University) · Cited by 2
POLARYZACJA GRUPOWA W WARUNKACH DEBATY DELIBERATYWNEJ
Wesołowska, E. (2014) · Civitas et Lex · doi:10.31648/cetl.1886 · Cited by 2
Berg, N., Abramczuk, K., & Hoffrage, U. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0008 · Cited by 2
Simple Heuristics and Information Sharing in Groups
Reimer, T. O., & Hoffrage, U. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0011 · Cited by 2
Why Simple Heuristics Make Life Both Easier and Harder: A Social–Psychological Perspective
Fiedler, K., & Wänke, M. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0018 · Cited by 2
Institutional Grammar 2.0: Conceptual Foundations and General Syntax
Frantz, C. K., & Siddiki, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86372-2_4 · Cited by 2
Wir sind die Besten: Warum tolle Teams dumme Fehler machen
Hasebrook, J. P., Hackl, B., & Rodde, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-62054-0_6 · Cited by 2
ERIS: An Approach Based on Community Boundaries to Assess Polarization in Online Social Networks
Guyot, A., Gillet, A., Leclercq, É., & Cullot, N. (2022) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05760-1_6 · Cited by 2
Editor’s Desk: It’s Critical to Cultivate Intellectual Humility
Johnson, S. S. (2022) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171221125326a · Cited by 2
Cyberpsychology and Human Factors
Bryce, J. (2015) · Engineering & Technology Reference · doi:10.1049/etr.2014.0028 · Cited by 2
Consumer Information Search Behavior on the Internet
Shibuya, S. (2006) · doi:10.11194/acs1993.13.1 · Cited by 2
Bornemann, T., Klarmann, M., & Moosbrugger, M. (2020) · Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1007/s41471-020-00102-4 · Cited by 2
Wang, L.-X., & Mendel, J. M. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2538553 · Cited by 2
Demographic faultlines in boards: Impact of diversity and board size
Ali, M. A. M., & Ayoko, O. B. (2014) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2014.11523abstract · Cited by 2
Esterling, K., Fung, A., & Lee, T. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2528273 · Cited by 2
Breugst, N. (2011) · Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund) · Cited by 2
Collective Decision Dynamics in Group Evacuation: Behavioral Experiment and Machine Learning ModelsPreprint
Nguyen, C., Han, F., Schlesinger, K. J., Gür, İ., & Carlson, J. M. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.05647 · Cited by 2
Citizens' Attitude towards Political Corruption and the Impact of Social Media
Mullor, G. B. (2018) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · doi:10.6035/14102.2018.525941 · Cited by 3
Small group studies of regulatory decision making for power-frequency electric and magnetic fields
Hester, G. L., Morgan, M. G., Nair, I., & Florig, K. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1952-5_19 · Cited by 2
Dynamic Social Impact Theory and Model
Voinea, C. F. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118833162.ch6 · Cited by 2
Should Analysts Act Alone?Preprint
Bloomfield, R. J., & Hales, J. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.941494 · Cited by 2
The Disposition Effect in Team Investment Decisions: Experimental EvidencePreprint
Rau, H. A. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2223728 · Cited by 2
지식 습득인가 정파적 해석인가: 정파적 미디어 이용이 정파적 이슈에 대한 태도 극화에 미치는 영향
이, 나., & 조, 윤. (2017) · Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies · doi:10.20879/kjjcs.2017.61.5.007 · Cited by 1
Grupla Psikolojik Danışma El Kitabı
Özen, Y. (2024) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.3104 · Cited by 1
Xu, J., Liu, C., & Lu, L. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16010112 · Cited by 1
Reininger, K. M., & Kokot, M. R. (2026) · PDP – Psychodynamische Psychotherapie · doi:10.21706/pdp-25-1-8 · Cited by 1
The effect of mock jury deliberation on the influence of stereotypes about sexual assault
McKimmie, B. M., Nitschke, F., Ribeiro, G., & Masser, B. (2026) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2026.102615 · Cited by 1
Female in Top Management Teams, Ownership and Firm Internationalization: Evidence from China
Wang, H., Zhao, Y., Liu, W., & Zheng, M. (2026) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-026-00636-5 · Cited by 1
Inquiry and Deliberation in Judicial Systems: The Problem of Jury Size
Angere, S., Olsson, E. J., & Genot, E. J. (2015) · Logic, argumentation & reasoning · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20762-9_3 · Cited by 1
Multi-agent Modeling and Simulation on Group Polarization Behavior in Web 2.0
Du, S., & Qi, J. (2014) · Journal of Networks · doi:10.4304/jnw.9.8.2003-2012 · Cited by 1
B-to-B-Branding – Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Forschung und Praxisempfehlungen
Klarmann, M., & Fleischmann, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-04680-4_20 · Cited by 1
Risky Shifts And The Model Of Communicative Events
El‐Shinnawy, M., Vinzé, A., & Mortagy, A. K. (2011) · Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) · doi:10.19030/jber.v4i5.2669 · Cited by 1
Arguments, Conflicts, and Decisions
Fabio Paglieri, A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14081-0_7 · Cited by 1
Does Optimal Distinctiveness Contribute to Group Polarization
Lee, J. H. (2009) · EngagedScholarship @ Cleveland State University (Cleveland State University) · Cited by 1
22 Social Influences on Risk Attitudes: Applications in
Trautmann, E. T., & Vieider, F. M. (2012) · Cited by 1
Contagion Effects in Intertemporal Decision Making
Bixter, M. T., Trimber, E. M., & Luhmann, C. C. (2014) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · doi:10.13140/2.1.3803.4568 · Cited by 1
Williams, G.-R., Bernard, M. L., & Jeffers, R. (2016) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41636-6_25 · Cited by 1
Thinking in Societies and Cultures
Rai, T. S. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734689.013.0029 · Cited by 2
Opinion Network Modeling and Experiment
Gabbay, M. (2019) · Understanding complex systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10892-2_18 · Cited by 1
Context and Match Between Context and Framework Components
Paletz, S. B. F., Auxier, B. E., & Golonka, E. (2019) · SpringerBriefs in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16413-3_5 · Cited by 1
Social influence in committee deliberation
Fershtman, C., & Segal, U. (2023) · Theory and Decision · doi:10.1007/s11238-023-09949-5 · Cited by 1
Novaes, C. D. (2021) · Tilburg University, Library & IT Services · doi:10.26116/secondthoughts-sie-engelen-openpresstiu-2021-dutilh-novaes-1 · Cited by 1
Examining Psychometrics and Polarization in a Single-Risk Case Study
Trumbo, C. W. (1995) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00805.x · Cited by 1
Othering and Polarization. Biden vs. Trump
Keyvanfar, A., & Shayegh, E. (2022) · International Journal of Social Science and Human Research · doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i12-73 · Cited by 1
Os Benefícios de Ser Polarizado nas Redes Sociais: Há?
Pimentel, A. P., de Oliveira, E. G., Schneider, D., & da Motta, C. L. R. (2023) · doi:10.5753/sbsc_estendido.2023.229144 · Cited by 1
How article category in Wikipedia determines the heterogeneity of its editors
Oeberst, A., & Ridderbecks, T. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50448-y · Cited by 1
Robinson, J. Y. (2024) · Nordicom review/NORDICOM review · doi:10.2478/nor-2024-0010 · Cited by 1
Winograd, W. J., & Siu, A. (2022) · The Good Society · doi:10.5325/goodsociety.31.1-2.0086 · Cited by 1
Research on risk assessment model and simulation of online group polarization in emergencies
Lu, G., & Liu, F. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305552 · Cited by 1
Nishida, Y., Shimojo, S., & Hayashi, Y. (2024) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/jpr.12552 · Cited by 1
Motivational underpinnings of support for radical political leaders
Grzymała-Moszczyńska, J., Maj, M., Szastok, M., Kruglanski, A. W., & Jaśko, K. (2024) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.3090 · Cited by 1
A Review of Group Polarization Research from a Dynamics Perspective
Fu, W., Zhu, R., Liu, S., Lu, X. B., & Li, B. (2025) · Journalism and Media · doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030144 · Cited by 2
Kim, Y. (2013) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 1
What is Important? The Impact of Interpersonal Political Discussion on Public Agendas
van Doorn, B. W. (2012) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00936.x · Cited by 1
The Advice of Others: When and How We Benefit From It
Biele, G., & Rieskamp, J. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0013 · Cited by 1
Teruel, P. J. (2017) · Daímon · doi:10.6018/daimon/228381 · Cited by 1
Wir sind die Besten: Warum tolle Teams dumme Fehler machen
Hasebrook, J. P., Hackl, B., & Rodde, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-60627-8_6 · Cited by 1
Deliberation and Group Disagreement
Broncano‐Berrocal, F., & Carter, J. A. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429022500-2 · Cited by 1
Entscheidungen: Strukturen und Auffälligkeiten
Fallgatter, M. J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-31699-0_11 · Cited by 1
Talisse, R. B. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197556450.003.0004 · Cited by 1
Arima, Y. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84698-5_2 · Cited by 1
The Case for Group Heterogeneity
Margetts, T., & Holland, E. (2017) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1933-1.ch085 · Cited by 1
Deciding and Implementing Health Security Actions and Promoting Systematic Learning
Montibeller, G. (2022) · International series in management science/operations research/International series in operations research & management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98132-7_11 · Cited by 1
Moradi, M., & Zandipak, R. (2021) · Quarterly Journal of Management and Development Process · doi:10.52547/jmdp.34.2.63 · Cited by 1
Devetag, G., Ceccacci, F., & Salvo, P. D. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2263179 · Cited by 1
Dzuranin, A. C. (2009) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 1
Tan, R. Y. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1872913 · Cited by 1
Reale Gruppen im Paradigma der minimalen Gruppen:
Petersen, L., & Blank, H. (2001) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1026//0949-3946.48.4.302 · Cited by 1
Berninger, K. (1970) · Metsätieteen aikakauskirja · doi:10.14214/ma.5696 · Cited by 1
Decision Dynamics in Group Evacuation.Preprint
Han, F., Nguyen, C., Schlesinger, K. J., Gür, İ., & Carlson, J. M. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 1
News outlets in social media: aggression in comments
Holt, L. G. (2016) · Rowan Digitals Works (Rowan University) · Cited by 1
Collective Decision Dynamics in Group Evacuation: Modeling Tradeoffs and Optimal BehaviorPreprint
Schlesinger, K. J., Nguyen, C., Ali, I., & Carlson, J. M. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1611.09767 · Cited by 1
Integrating Computational Modeling and Experiments: Toward a More Unified Theory of Social Influence
Gabbay, M. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119485001.ch13 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Isenberg, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Isenberg, Daniel J.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1986-06
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1141-1151
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2042714524
- Cited by
- 1,044
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 23.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
- Keywords
- group polarization, social comparison, persuasive argumentation, group decision making, effect size
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
