Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.

“This questionnaire is based on descriptions defining the three attachment styles of the original prototypes measure developed by Hazan and Shaver (1987), dividing them into items.”

“Attachment style was measured using need for connectedness statements.(15) This method was chosen to follow previous scholars’ methods of measuring this construct and has been validated in existing research.”

“Men are more likely to think about sexual commitment and the pleasure of intercourse when thinking about love, whereas women are more prone to thinking about love as emotional commitment and security (Buss, 2000; Cimbalo & Novell, 1993; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“…intimacy goals in dating is positively correlated with interpersonal and ideological ego achievement (Erikson, 1968; Marcia, 1966) and secure attachment (Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Simpson, 1990) and negatively correlated with both interpersonal and ideological ego diffusion and with anxious attachment.”

“In addition to the development of measures that assess children’s attachment, the last couple of decades have seen the development of measures of adult attachment styles (Collins and Read 1990; George et al. 1985; Hazan and Shaver 1987; Main et al. 1985).”

“In extending the theory into the realm of adult romantic relationships, Hazan and Shaver (1987) adopted this three-category approach and a flood of subsequent research confirmed differences in relational outcomes by attachment style.”

“According to attachment theorists, the way people think and act in their intimate relationships is guided by cognitive models about themselves and significant others (Brennan & Shaver, 1995; Collins & Read, 1990; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Kirkpatrick & Davis, 1994).”

“This scale consists of 17 items, 13 of which were based on Hazan and Shaver's ( 1987 ) attachment style vignettes.”

“Increasingly, the view that attachment theory can serve as a conceptual framework for understanding adult relationships has gained empirical support (e.g., Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Feeney & Noller, 1990).”

“Hazan and Shaver’s classification of adult attachment cognitions (secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent) corresponds to the three-category model of infant attachment devised by Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, and Wall (1978). Another method for classifying the attachment cognitions of adolescents and adults was develope…”

“Attachment theorists have long observed that relationships affect the self-concept (Bowlby, 1973; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Perceiving a lack of control or understanding has been linked to more negative consequences following a fracture in a romantic attachment (Hazan & Shaver, 1987, 1994; Sprecher, 1994).”

“Another means of investigating adult attachment was derived by Hazan and Shaver (1987), who developed a self-report measure that requires individuals to recall their most meaningful romantic relationships, and to classify themselves as either secure, anxious, or avoidant in these relationships.”

“…attachment styles were conceived following observations of infant behavior, they have shown consistency when applied to adult attachments (e.g., Hazan & Shaver, 1987) with research highlighting the importance of adult attachments in experiences of relationship quality and psychological…”

“See for example Hazan and Shaver (1987), Rholes and Simpson (2004), Brumbaugh and Fraley (2006), Hazan et al. (2006), and Mikulincer and Shaver (2007).”

“Simpson used the Hazan and Shaver [6] descriptions of each of the attachment styles, but separated the sentences in each of the three attachment style vignettes to form individual items.”

“They believe that love is rare and fleeting (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Internal working models are the basis of people’s understanding of and expectations about relationships and guide their social interactions and experiences (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“…strategies are now widely believed to occupy a two-dimensional space comprising avoidance, the tendency to mistrust other's good will and to maintain independence from others, and anxiety, the tendency to worry that close others won't be available in times of stress (Hazan and Shaver, 1987).”

“…study lies with the use of two separate measures to group clients into the three interpersonal styles, namely the Interpersonal Scale developed from the IIP (12- to 20-session cohort; Hardy & Barkham, 1994; Hardy et al., 1998) and the Attachment Vignettes (12- session cohort; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Romantic relationships seem to be formed, at least partially, through attachment processes that are similar to those which occur between infants and their caregivers (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Finally, it was hypothesized that secure and control groups would not significantly differ in cognitive openness because of research that presumes the majority of the population is securely attached (e.g. Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Besides this, when individuals with the secure attachment style experience a problem, they believe that they will get sufficient support from other individuals (Huntsinger & Luecken, 2004; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Given that romantic partners tend to take on attachment functions for many by adulthood (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), the current study sought to expand these findings to potential links between insecure attachment in early adolescence to observed romantic relationship negativity in adulthood.”

“A caveat concerning this result is that although adult attachment style stems from the early parental relationship (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), there is not always correspondence between measures of parental and adult attachment (Granqvist et al., 2007).”

“These results support the theory of adult attachment, which relates attachment security to positive emotional love styles, satisfaction with romantic relationships and, ultimately, SWB (Hazan and Shaver 1987; Mikulincer and Shaver 2007).”

“…favorable expectations in relation to their partner, better levels of marital quality (Collins & Read, 1990), long-term and stable relationships (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), and are optimistic about marriage in comparison to those with insecure attachment (Charania & Ickes, 2007; Meyers &…”

“…adult attachment styles appear to be related to help-seeking intentions (Vogel & Wei, 2005) and behaviors (Florian, Mikulincer, & Bucholtz, 1995; Hazan & Shaver, 1987), perhaps by predisposing the individual to view others as reliable or unreliable and as caring or indifferent (Sarason, Pierce,…”

“Hazan and Shaver (1987) and Hazan, Shaver, and Bradshaw (1988) reviewed studies about child attachment to explain the attachment process of adults.”

“Those with high avoidance have less satisfaction with romantic relationships (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), have greater concern with possessing control in romantic relationships (Mikulincer, 1998), and are generally less intimate (Levy & Davis, 1988).”

“Attachment shapes people’s thoughts and behavior in close relationships (Bowlby, 1969; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Shaver & Mikulincer, 2012).”

“There is a robust literature demonstrating the many ways in which such attachment insecurities last into adulthood and impair romantic relationship development and security (e.g., Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007).”

“Avoidant adults, in contrast, are in general uncomfortable about intimacy and getting close to others; they hardly trust others and they avoid intimacy (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Attachment style was assessed at wave 8 using the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ; Hazan & Shaver 1987).”

“One line, much of which is anchored in the work of George, Kaplan, and Main ( 1985 ), investigates developmental and clinical concerns, such as aspects of cross-generational transmission of attachment orientation (eg, Fonagy, Steele, & Steele, 1991 ); the other, spearheaded by Hazan and Shaver ( 1987 ), examines corre…”

“Paralleling the infant attachment styles that Ainsworth et al. (1978) identified, Hazan and Shaver (1987) classified adults into the same three attachment categories as they relate to adult romantic relationships.”

“Individuals low on both dimensions are labeled as having secure attachment styles that have positive implications for close relationships (Bowlby, 1973; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Attachment avoidance—one of the two dimensions of individual differences in attachment style (Bowlby, 1969; Fraley & Waller, 1998; Hazan & Shaver, 1987)— captures discomfort with intimacy and closeness, and a preference for relying on the self rather than on close others (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007).”

“Beginning with Hazan and Shaver (1987), this research was extended to adulthood, suggesting that continuous and stable individual differences in attachment style exist and account for a systematic pattern of relational expectations, emotions, and behaviors that result from one's attachment history…”

“That is, anxious attachment styles reflect a longing to be emotionally close with others while fearing abandonment and searching for ways to reduce this anxiety (Hazen & Shaver, 1987).”

“Recently, several attempts have been made to measure attachment patterns of adults, in the context of parenting (Main and Goldwyn, in press), or in the context of romantic love relationships ( Hazan and Shaver, 1987 ).”

“As Brennan et al. (1998) noted, most early models of attachment (e.g., Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, &Wall, 1978; Hazan & Shaver, 1987) can be interpreted through this bi-dimensional view, and a factor analysis of all attachment measures available did show strong support for this view.”

“…and Counseling Psychology Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA The current study explored the association among young adults’ (N = 86) experiences of betrayal traumas (interpersonal trauma perpetrated by someone close) prior to age 18, psychological well-being,…”

“Furthermore, research suggests that people’s attachment styles color their perceptions of and experiences within romantic relationships—both globally and within the context of specific romantic relationships (e.g., Cozzarelli, Hoekstra, & Bylsma, 2000; Grau & Doll, 2003; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“They described three types of adult attachment styles: secure attachment, avoidant attachment, and anxious-ambivalent attachment (Hazen and Shaver 1987).”

“Research that focuses on styles of adult attachment, such as secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent styles (Hazan and Shaver, 1987), may also inform our understanding of depression and grief after loss of a friend or family member.”

“Monogamy has also sometimes been defined by the existence of a pair-bond, which is an attachment relationship displayed by two adults (Hazan and Shaver, 1987; Mason and Mendoza, 1998).”

“Similar to the extension of attachment theory to describe adolescent and adult relationships (Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Hazan & Zeifman, 1994), Bowlby’s (1973) attachment theory has been applied to human–animal relationships (Jenkins, Laux, Ritchie, & Tucker-Gail, 2014; Peacock, Chur-Hansen, &…”

“According to Hazan and Shaver (1987), in building interpersonal emotional bond, mental representations of self and others, which act as working models (ie attachment styles), regulates the bond. Mikulincer (1998) show that attachment styles determine the way an individual construes and processes trust, experiences, go…”