Cited by 166Emotions and Moral BehaviorHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlDeception detection and forensic psychology

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Cardiovascular responses of embarrassment and effects of emotional suppression in a social setting

Harris, Christine R.·2001·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.886

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Abstract

The cardiovascular effects of embarrassment and of attempts to suppress embarrassment were examined. In 2 studies, embarrassment was associated with substantial increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which monotonically increased over a 2-minute embarrassment period. In contrast, heart rate (HR) rose significantly during the 1st minute of embarrassment but returned to baseline levels during the 2nd minute. This pattern of reactivity may be distinctive. The effects of trying to suppress emotion in an interpersonal situation were also tested. Relative to the no-suppression group, suppression participants showed greater blood pressure during embarrassment and during posttask recovery. Suppression did not significantly affect HR. Possible mechanisms for these results, including passive coping, are discussed. Nonverbal behavior was also examined.

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Authors: Harris, C. R.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Harris, Christine R.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2001
Volume: 81
Issue: 5
Pages: 886-897
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.886
OpenAlex: W2009647991
Cited by: 166
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 3.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
Keywords: embarrassment, emotional suppression, cardiovascular reactivity, blood pressure, heart rate, social stress, interpersonal situations, passive coping, nonverbal behavior, emotion regulation
MeSH terms: Blood Pressure, Emotions, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Random Allocation, Self-Assessment, Shame, Social Environment, Time Factors

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Cardiovascular responses of embarrassment and effects of emotional suppression in a social setting

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