The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification.
Open accessAbstract
Recent research shows individuals' identification with in-groups to be psychologically important and socially consequential. However, there is little agreement about how identification should be conceptualized or measured. On the basis of previous work, the authors identified 5 specific components of in-group identification and offered a hierarchical 2-dimensional model within which these components are organized. Studies 1 and 2 used confirmatory factor analysis to validate the proposed model of self-definition (individual self-stereotyping, in-group homogeneity) and self-investment (solidarity, satisfaction, and centrality) dimensions, across 3 different group identities. Studies 3 and 4 demonstrated the construct validity of the 5 components by examining their (concurrent) correlations with established measures of in-group identification. Studies 5-7 demonstrated the predictive and discriminant validity of the 5 components by examining their (prospective) prediction of individuals' orientation to, and emotions about, real intergroup relations. Together, these studies illustrate the conceptual and empirical value of a hierarchical multicomponent model of in-group identification.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Scale items showed excellent internal consistency (α = .93) and thus were aggregated to form a composite measure of political identity strength.”
From Everyone I Don’t Like Is Biased: Affective Evaluations and the Bias Blind Spot (2026) · cites this paper as Leach et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
Social psychology of intergroup relations
Tajfel, H. (1982) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.000245 · Cited by 7,949
The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups
Phinney, J. S. (1992) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/074355489272003 · Cited by 3,813
Who is this "We"? Levels of collective identity and self representations.
Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83 · Cited by 3,401 · cited 4×
“Although focused on the interpersonal level, Brewer and Gardner’s (1996) notion of the relational self is also similar to the notion of solidarity. They conceptualized the relational self as based in individuals’ “role relationships with significant others” in dyads (e.g., mother, friend, sibling) or small coacting gr…”
Influential
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,004
What they think of us: Meta‐beliefs and solidarity‐based collective action among the advantaged
Adra, A., Li, M., & Baumert, A. (2020) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2675 · Cited by 33
Slater, M. J., Haslam, S. A., & Steffens, N. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1431311 · Cited by 30
“That is, team members will only feel passionate about a team when they also derive a sense of satisfaction from being a member of it and see it as an important part of who they are (see also Leach et al., 2008).”
BackgroundWhen a new group identity does harm on the spot: Stereotype threat in newly created groups
Martiny, S. E., Roth, J., Jelenec, P., Steffens, M. C., & Croizet, J. (2011) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.840 · Cited by 34
Social Capital as Exchange: Its Contribution to Morale
Cheung, C.-K., & Chan, R. K. W.-H. (2010) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9570-2 · Cited by 30
Bradley, S., Moore, F. R., Duffy, F., Clark, L., Suratwala, T., Knightsmith, P., & Gillespie‐Smith, K. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241245749 · Cited by 37
“The Social Identification Scale (SIS; Leach et al., 2008) is a 14-item scale which has shown good reliability ( α = 0.87) across a range of identities.”
BackgroundInfluentialvan Zomeren, M., D’Amore, C., Pauls, I. L., Shuman, E., & Leal, A. L. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683231192120 · Cited by 45
“Ingroup identification reflects the psychological ties between the individual and the ingroup that lead them to perceive themselves more strongly as ingroup group members who feel motivated to protect ingroup values (e.g., Leach et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBağci, S. Ç., Rosenfeld, D. L., & Uslu, D. (2021) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302211012768 · Cited by 32
Amiot, C. E., Doucerain, M. M., Zhou, B., & Ryder, A. G. (2017) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2355 · Cited by 33
Concerned protesters: from compassion to retaliation
Antonetti, P., & Maklan, S. (2017) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-03-2016-0145 · Cited by 29
Kuppens, T., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167214551542 · Cited by 26
Leach, C., Minescu, A., Poppe, E., & Hagendoorn, L. (2008) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.577 · Cited by 29
“We conceptually distinguish the general dimensions of power and benevolence from the more specific characteristics often used to measure these two dimensions (see also Leach et al., 2008; Osgood et al., 1957).”
MethodSelf-citationThe Significance of Deaf Identity for Psychological Well-Being.
Chapman, M., & Dammeyer, J. (2016) · Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/deafed/enw078 · Cited by 29
Roth, J., Huber, M., Juenger, A., & Liu, J. H. (2017) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.v5i2.677 · Cited by 28
Social self-efficacy and mental well-being in autistic adults: Exploring the role of social identity
Camus, L., Rajendran, G., & Stewart, M. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231195799 · Cited by 28
“It was chosen as the Solidarity component represents a person’s sense of belonging and psychological attachment to the group, which is central to a person’s social identification with a group (Leach et al., 2008).”
Carvacho, H., González, R., Cheyre, M., Rocha, C. M., Cornejo, M., Jiménez‐Moya, G., Manzi, J. M., Álvarez-Dezerega, C., Álvarez, B., Castro, D., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1155950 · Cited by 26
Marinthe, G., Brown, G., Jaubert, T., & Chekroun, P. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104241 · Cited by 34
“We measured the identification with French people with a 14-item scale (Leach et al., 2008) (e.g., “ I feel solidarity with French people ” ), α = 0.92.”
InfluentialUysal, M. S., Uluğ, Ö. M., Kanık, B., & Aydemir, A. (2021) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2799 · Cited by 28
“We also adapted these items to measure identification with disadvantaged gender identity (i.e., woman identification) by six items (Leach et al., 2008; α = .79; centrality, solidarity, satisfaction, and ingroup homogeneity), identificationwith advantaged sexual orientation identity (i.e.,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKyprianides, A., Bradford, B., Jackson, J., Yesberg, J. A., Stott, C., & Radburn, M. (2021) · Psychology Public Policy and Law · doi:10.1037/law0000312 · Cited by 48
“…it made sense to include these two particular covariances in the model because the item couples measure different facets of identification respectively (2 items measure identity solidarity, and 2 items measure in-group homogeneity, whereas all other items do not, according to Leach et al., 2008).”
Background(Peer) Group influence on children’s prosocial and antisocial behavior
Misch, A., & Dunham, Y. C. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104994 · Cited by 40
Grigoryan, L. K., Cohrs, J. C., Boehnke, K., van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Easterbrook, M. J. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000342 · Cited by 40
“We argue that importance of a category to the self (a key component of identification; Ashmore et al., 2004; Leach et al., 2008) and its dominance in target evaluations (strength of bias) need to be differentiated.”
BackgroundLuo, S., Liu, C.-W., Wan, Y., Li, W., Ma, C.-H., Liu, S., Heeres, H. J., Zheng, W.-Q., Seshan, K., & He, S.-B. (2020) · Applications of Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145878 · Cited by 28
“Education-based identification was measured with 14 items adapted from Leach et al. (2008) ( α = 0.935).”
MethodInfluentialAsada, A., & Ko, Y. J. (2019) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.2018-0362 · Cited by 41
Subversive humor against sexism: Conceptualization and first evidence on its empirical nature
Riquelme, A., Carretero-Dios, H., Megías, J. L., & Romero-Sánchez, M. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00331-9 · Cited by 28
“In the second one, they completed the AMI (Glick and Fiske 1999), the multicomponent ingroup identification scale (Leach et al. 2008), and the collective actions for gender equality index (van Zomeren et al. 2004).”
MethodThe meaning of being German: An inductive approach to national identity
Ditlmann, R. K., & Kopf-Beck, J. (2019) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.v7i1.557 · Cited by 28
Velasquez, A., Montgomery, G., & Hall, J. A. (2019) · J. Comput. Mediat. Commun. · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmz007 · Cited by 28
“90) was measured using four items (Leach et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe gendered nature of stereotypes about climate change opinion groups
Swim, J., & Geiger, N. (2018) · doi:10.1177/1368430217747406 · Cited by 28
Çakal, H., Eller, A., Sirlopú, D., & Pérez, A. (2016) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12170 · Cited by 28
Lyons, A., Fletcher, G., Farmer, J., Kenny, A., Bourke, L., Carra, K., & Bariola, E. (2016) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0121-8 · Cited by 28
“Based on questions from a previous study [29], participants were provided with the following statement, “people in this group are very similar to each other”, and agreed or disagreed using a 7-point Likert scale (later coded as either agree or do not agree).”
MethodHeere, B., Walker, M., Gibson, H., Thapa, B., Geldenhuys, S., & Coetzee, W. (2016) · Journal of Sport & Tourism · doi:10.1080/14775085.2016.1175369 · Cited by 28
la Barbera, F., Ferrara, P., & Boza, M. (2014) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12073 · Cited by 28
Wiley, S., Figueroa, J., & Lauricella, T. K. (2014) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2004 · Cited by 25
Interactive Effects of Discrimination and Racial Identity on Alcohol-Related Thoughts and Use
Richman, L. S., Boynton, M. H., Costanzo, P. R., & Banas, K. (2013) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2013.803966 · Cited by 28
“…have conceptualized RI as a multidimensional construct with self-identification as a group member along with a sense of belonging and pride in one’s group serving as key aspects of RI (e.g., Leach et al., 2008; Phinney, Cantu, & Kurtz, 1997; Sellers, Caldwell, Schmeelk-Cone, & Zimmerman, 2003).”
BackgroundUfkes, E. G., Otten, S., van der Zee, K. I., Giebels, E., & Dovidio, J. (2012) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.1888 · Cited by 28
“…identification with residents’ urban district using the satisfaction (e.g., “It is pleasant to be a resident of [name district”) and centrality (e.g., “I often think about the fact that I am a resident of [name district]”) components of ingroup identification as suggested by Leach et al. (2008).”
BackgroundBorinca, I., Guerra, R., & Uka, F. (2024) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302241267982 · Cited by 27
“Ethnic identification 1 was measured using the three items of the Identity Centrality Subscale developed by Leach et al. (2008): “I often think about the fact that I am a member of my ethnic group,” “The fact that I am a member of my ethnic group is an important part of my identity,” and “Being a…”
Ferenc, K., Płatos, M., Byrka, K., & Król, M. E. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221135818 · Cited by 41
“To measure identification with other autistic people, we used the multidimensional scale of in-group identification developed by Leach et al. (2008), in a version adapted for autism by Cooper et al. (2017).”
BackgroundMethodSocio-cultural integration and holistic health among Indigenous young adults
Walls, M. L., Hautala, D., Cole, A. B., Kosobuski, L., Weiss, N. M., Hill, K., & Williams, S. O. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13395-3 · Cited by 27
“Cultural identification Cultural identification was assessed with seven questions from the In-Group Identification scale developed by Leach and colleagues [39].”
MethodAutism disclosure – The decisions autistic adults make
Farsinejad, A., Russell, A., & Butler, C. (2022) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101936 · Cited by 27
Collective narcissism and the weakening of American democracyPreprint
Keenan, O., & de Zavala, A. G. (2021) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/938vy · Cited by 8
“…we also controlled for ingroup positivity,measured using the national ingroup satisfaction scale (positive feelings about one’s group membership; Leach et al., 2008) as American identity is often defined by positive emotional attachment to the national group (Citrin et al., 2001), which has…”
MethodInfluentialThomas, W. E., Brown, R. J., Easterbrook, M. J., Vignoles, V. L., Manzi, C., D’Angelo, C., & Holt, J. J. (2018) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12277 · Cited by 29
“These six items covered various facets of social identification, including feelings of solidarity, cognitive centrality, and self-stereotyping with the group (Ashmore et al., 2004; Leach et al., 2008), as well as Postmes, Haslam, and Jans’s (2013) single-item measure of identification.”
BackgroundStigma Consciousness and Subjective Well-Being in Lesbians and Gays
Nouvilas-Pallejà, E., Silván‐Ferrero, P., de Apodaca, M. J. F.-R., & Molero, F. J. (2017) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9862-1 · Cited by 26
Rubin, M., & Stuart, R. (2018) · Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2017.1327405 · Cited by 27
“SIT researchers have distinguished between several different aspects of social identification (e.g., Cameron, 2004; Leach et al., 2008; Milanov, Rubin, & Paolini, 2012, 2014).”
BackgroundDishon, N., Oldmeadow, J. A., Critchley, C. R., & Kaufman, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02034 · Cited by 36
“Within the social identity literature, the extent to which we feel similar to, like, or favor other in-group members is indicative of the extent to which our identification with that group has been incorporated into our self-concept (Hogg, 1992, 1993; Ellemers et al., 1999; Leach et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultStewart, A. L. (2016) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000068 · Cited by 26
“T hi s ar tic le is in te nd ed so le ly fo r th e pe rs on al us e of th e in di vi du al us er an d is no t to be di ss em in at ed br oa dl y. (Leach et al., 2008).”
MethodThe Impact of Terrorist Attack News on Moral Intuitions and Outgroup Prejudice
Tamborini, R., Hofer, M., Prabhu, S., Grall, C., Novotny, E., Hahn, L. S., & Klebig, B. (2017) · Media, Terrorism and Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2017.1342130 · Cited by 27
Gender Asymmetry in the Construction of American National Identity
Berkel, L. D. V., Molina, L. E., & Mukherjee, S. (2017) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684317707710 · Cited by 31
“Participants answered three questions designed to assess American identification derived from Luhtanen and Crocker (1992) and Leach et al. (2008).”
MethodChayinska, M., Minescu, A., & McGarty, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00642 · Cited by 30
Morality stereotyping as a basis of women’s in-group favoritism: An implicit approach
Leach, C., Carraro, L., Garcia, R. L., & Kang, J. (2017) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430215603462 · Cited by 27
Self-citationMobilizing cause supporters through group-based interaction
Bongiorno, R., McGarty, C., Kurz, T., Haslam, S. A., & Sibley, C. (2016) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12337 · Cited by 27
Martiny, S. E., Gleibs, I. H., Parks‐Stamm, E. J., Martiny-Huenger, T., Froehlich, L., Harter, A.-L., & Roth, J. (2015) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2014-0284 · Cited by 35
“However, we changed the identification items to more clearly tap into self-stereotyping as one component of social identification (Leach et al., 2008).”
Identification During Imposed Change: The Roles of Personal Values, Type of Change, and Anxiety
Sverdlik, N., & Oreg, S. (2014) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12105 · Cited by 33
“Identification is a multifaceted concept, reflecting one’s general connection to an in-group (Leach et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBringing science to bear--on peace, not war: elaborating on psychology's potential to promote peace.
Leidner, B., Tropp, L., & Lickel, B. (2013) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0032846 · Cited by 27
Howard, M. C., & Magee, S. M. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.009 · Cited by 27
“Among these are group membership (McClain, Carew, Walton, & Watts, 2009), group identity (Kramer & Brewer, 1984; Leach et al., 2008), racial identity (Behrens, 1997; Cokley, 2002), identity fusion (Gomez et al., 2011; Swann, Gomez, Seyle, Morales, & Huici, 2009) and group consciousness (Duncan,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGroup membership as a 'frame of reference' for interpersonal comparison.
Leach, C., & Vliek, M. L. W. (2008) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00058.x · Cited by 27
Self-citationMeasuring “we‐ness” in couple relationships: A social identity approach
Cruwys, T., South, E. I., Halford, W. K., Murray, J. A., & Fladerer, M. P. (2022) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12811 · Cited by 27
“All of the seven distinct measures of we-ness were selected due to their superior psychometric properties (e.g., all α s > 0.77) and widespread use, although in some cases (e.g., the MIGI), their use has been more widespread outside of couple research.”
MethodInfluentialNera, K., Jetten, J., Biddlestone, M., & Klein, O. (2022) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12536 · Cited by 35
Disentangling the intergroup sensitivity effect: Defending the ingroup or enforcing general norms?
Thürmer, J., & McCrea, S. M. (2021) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2748 · Cited by 26
Turner-Zwinkels, F. M., & van Zomeren, M. (2020) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167220933406 · Cited by 34
“…identification with the overarching group identity, and (b) identification with specific elements of content that make up the identity (see also Leach et al., 2008; McConnell, 2011).3 First, broader group identification refers to an individual’s overall commitment to their group (Postmes et…”
BackgroundAsada, A., Ko, Y., & Jang, W. (2020) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.2019-0055 · Cited by 26
Piotrowski, J. P., Różycka‐Tran, J., Baran, T., & Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M. A. (2019) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12538 · Cited by 26
Identifying Language for People on the Autism Spectrum: A Scoping Review
Shakes, P., & Cashin, A. J. (2019) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2018.1522400 · Cited by 38
“Participants completed a multidimensional scale of social identification (Leach et al., 2008), adapted private and public self-esteem subscales (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992), Rosenberg’s scale of self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965), Social Trait Anxiety Inventory and the trait depression scale.”
MethodBegeny, C. T., & Huo, Y. J. (2016) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430216656922 · Cited by 40
“Though it is common for researchers to conceive of ethnic identity as a unidimensional construct, evidence suggests it has multiple dimensions (Leach et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialIdentification with All Humanity: The Antithesis of Prejudice, and More
McFarland, S. G. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316161579.028 · Cited by 35
Rolling off the Tongue into the Top-of-the-Head: Explaining Language Effects on Public Opinion
Pérez, E. O. (2016) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-015-9329-1 · Cited by 31
“Subjects also completed two (2) items on American identity (‘‘I see myself as a typical American’’) (Leach et al. 2008).”
BackgroundA Hierarchical (Multicomponent) Model of In-Group Identification: Examining in Russian Samples
Lovakov, A. V., Рафиковна, А. Е., & Осин, Е. Н. (2015) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2015.37 · Cited by 23
“Leach et al. (2008) operationalized this hierarchical model in a 14-item measure.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPacker, D. (2014) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12017 · Cited by 26
My Colleagues Are My Friends: The Role of Facebook Contacts in Employee Identification
Bartels, J., van Vuuren, M., & Ouwerkerk, J. (2014) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318919837944 · Cited by 26
“Employee identification with the department and with the organization were both measured using the three-item solidarity subscale of social identification by Leach et al. (2008).”
MethodSelf-citationAlnabulsi, H., Drury, J., Vignoles, V. L., & Oogink, S. (2020) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2623 · Cited by 25
Wlodarczyk, A., Zumeta, L., Basabe, N., Rimé, B., & Páez, D. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01826-0 · Cited by 25
Prejudiced When Climbing Up or When Falling Down? Why Some People of Color Express Anti-Black Racism
Pérez, E. O., Robertson, C., & Vicuña, B. V. (2022) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055422000545 · Cited by 37
Bridging the Gaps Between Us: Explaining When and Why People of Color Express Shared Political Views
Pérez, E. O., Vicuña, B., Ramos, A., Phan, K., Solano, M., & Tillett, E. (2022) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-022-09797-z · Cited by 25
“Since solidarity with others is but one component of collective action between diverse individuals (Leach et al., 2008), there are related elements that plausibly enhance this process.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHase, A., Behnke, M., Mazurkiewicz, M., Wieteska, K. K., & de Zavala, A. G. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13879 · Cited by 34
“Collective narcissism is an aspect of in- group identification (i.e., the extent to which group membership is psychologically consequential, Leach et al., 2008).”
BackgroundImpulsivity, internalizing symptoms, and online group behavior as determinants of online hate
Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., Savolainen, I., & Oksanen, A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231052 · Cited by 37
“When group identity is pronounced, deindividuation can induce self-stereotyping, which is conceiving oneself as a typical example of an in-group and identical with other ingroup members [61, 62].”
BackgroundPlacing Large Group Relations into Pedestrian Dynamics: Psychological Crowds in Counterflow
Templeton, A., Drury, J., & Philippides, A. O. (2020) · Collective Dynamics · doi:10.17815/cd.2019.23 · Cited by 29
“Prior to walking, participants were given questionnaires based on group identification measures [48] to measure their identification with members of their own team (ingroup members)”
MethodInfluentialLonsdale, A. (2020) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/0305735619899158 · Cited by 25
Examining recovery experiences among working college students: A person-centered study
Gabriel, A. S., Calderwood, C. C., Bennett, A. A., Wong, E. M., Dahling, J. J., & Trougakos, J. P. (2019) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103329 · Cited by 33
Environmental reporting practices and performance of timber firms in Ghana
Agyei, S., & Yankey, B. (2019) · Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies · doi:10.1108/jaee-12-2017-0127 · Cited by 25
Communicating the fair trade message: the roles of reputation and fit
Bartels, J., Reinders, M., Broersen, C., & Hendriks, S. (2018) · Leveraged Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/02650487.2019.1662251 · Cited by 25
“Consumer-brand identification was measured with Leach et al.’s (2008) three-item 7-”
MethodWilkins, S., Butt, M., & Annabi, C. A. (2018) · doi:10.1080/1360080x.2017.1411060 · Cited by 25
“Leach et al. (2008) suggest that satisfaction is perhaps the most general way in which individuals may identify with an in-group and that satisfaction is likely to be associated with a range of group-related phenomena, including psychological attachment to the group and relationships with other…”
BackgroundChayinska, M., Minescu, A., & McGarty, C. (2017) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430216682354 · Cited by 25
Hogg, M. A. (2015) · International Journal of Social Psychology Revista de Psicología Social · doi:10.1080/02134748.2015.1065090 · Cited by 25
Garcia, R. L., Meagher, B. R., & Kenny, D. (2015) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430214556370 · Cited by 25
“To capture participants’ identification with their groups, they completed the Leach et al.’s (2008) satisfaction subscale of their measure of group identification.”
MethodThe Motivational Dynamics of Dissent Decisions
Packer, D., Fujita, K., & Chasteen, A. (2014) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550613486676 · Cited by 25
“92) was assessed with 10 items corresponding to the ‘‘self-investment’’ component of Leach et al. (2007) multidimensional measure of collective identification.”
MethodGee, A., & McGarty, C. (2013) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12021 · Cited by 25
Seol, K., & Lee, R. M. (2012) · Journal of family psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028199 · Cited by 25
Identification with groups: the role of personality and context.
Sagiv, L., Roccas, S., & Hazan, O. (2012) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00733.x · Cited by 25
The virtues of collective gatherings: a study on the positive effects of a major scouting event
Bouchat, P., Rimé, B., Van Eycken, R., & Nils, F. (2020) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12649 · Cited by 24
Hashemi, S., Pakdin, A., Mohammadi, A., Keshavarzi, A., Mortazavi, M., & Sanati, P. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c17350 · Cited by 32
O’Reilly, C., Maher, P. J., Lueders, A., & Quayle, M. (2022) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103751 · Cited by 27
When Polarization Triggers Out-Group “Counter-Projection” Across the Political Divide
Denning, K. R., & Hodges, S. D. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672211021211 · Cited by 24
“Participants then completed a measure of political in-group identification (Leach et al., 2008).”
MethodSelvanathan, H. P., & Leidner, B. (2020) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002720907660 · Cited by 25
“…have theorized that group identification is a multidimensional construct (Ashmore, Deauz, and McLaughlin-Volpe 2004; Kosterman and Feshbach 1989; Leach et al. 2008; Roccas et al. 2006; Schatz, Staub, and Lavine 1999), such that the different components of ingroup identification can have…”
BackgroundTobacco dependence and smoking cessation: The mediating role of smoker and ex-smoker self-concepts.
Falomir-Pichastor, J., Blondé, J., Desrichard, O., Felder, M., Riedo, G., & Folly, L. (2019) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106200 · Cited by 24
Schomerus, G., Muehlan, H., Auer, C., Horsfield, P., Tomczyk, S., Freitag, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Schmidt, S., & Stolzenburg, S. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.054 · Cited by 24
Fousiani, K., Yzerbyt, V. Y., Kteily, N., & Demoulin, S. (2019) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12312 · Cited by 31
Chayinska, M., Minescu, A., & McGarty, C. (2018) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12283 · Cited by 32
“According to Leach et al. (2008), such a profound sense of loyalty towards the in-group may be experienced by individuals as a self-investment in the in-group comprising feelings of solidarity, satisfaction, and subjective importance of group membership.”
Backgroundvan Zomeren, M., Saguy, T., Mazzoni, D., & Cicognani, E. (2018) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12514 · Cited by 24
“…protest contexts, individuals’ group identification has been found to be a reliable predictor of collective action (e.g., Giguère & Lalonde, 2010; Leach et al., 2008; Simon et al., 1998; Van Zomeren et al., 2008), particularly when it concerns individuals’ identification with action-oriented…”
BackgroundNostalgia in response to group‐based exclusion: The role of attachment‐related avoidance
Abakoumkin, G., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., & Bakarou, M. (2017) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2235 · Cited by 28
Thomas, E. F., Rathmann, L., & McGarty, C. (2017) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12428 · Cited by 27
Manzi, C., Parise, M., Iafrate, R., Sedikides, C., & Vignoles, V. L. (2015) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2015.1029965 · Cited by 25
“According to diverse perspectives in the identity literature (Breakwell, 1986; Gurin & Markus, 1988; Leach et al., 2008; Rosenberg &Gara, 1985; for a review, see Vignoles, 2014), different elements of identity vary in their value (i.e., degree of importance or centrality) within the selfconcept.”
BackgroundSengupta, N. K., Barlow, F. K., & Sibley, C. G. (2012) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.12.011 · Cited by 26
How Identity Impacts Bystander Responses to Workplace Mistreatment
Gloor, J. L. P., Okimoto, T. G., Li, X., Gazdag, B. A., & Ryan, M. K. (2023) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063231177976 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Spears, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 144-165
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2157069646
- Cited by
- 1,826
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 112 · 2025: 173 · 2024: 177 · 2023: 163 · 2022: 157 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 150 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 109 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 104.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.vu.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Keywords
- ingroup identification, self-definition, self-investment, self-stereotyping, solidarity, group satisfaction, group centrality, intergroup relations, group identity, multicomponent model, construct validity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Culture, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Social Identification, Stereotyping, Personal Construct Theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
