Effects of reward on intrinsic motivation—Negative, neutral, and positive: Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan (1999).

Eisenberger, Robert; Pierce, W. David; Cameron, Judy

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.677

Cited by 358Motivation and Self-Concept in SportsExperimental Behavioral Economics StudiesHuman Behavior and Motivation

Effects of reward on intrinsic motivation—Negative, neutral, and positive: Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan (1999).

Eisenberger, Robert, Pierce, W. David, Cameron, Judy·1999·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.677

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If rewards are experienced as an index of performance effectiveness, intrinsic motivation and personal performance expectancies are likely enhanced.
“If rewards are experienced as an index of performance effectiveness, intrinsic motivation and personal performance expectancies are likely enhanced (Eisenberger, Pierce, & Cameron, 1999).”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Eisenberger, Pierce, & Cameron, 1999
The undermining effect of extrinsic rewards is not universal.
“However, the undermining effect of extrinsic rewards is not universal (Eisenberger, Pierce, and Cameron, 1999;Lutz, Pedroni, Nadig, Luechinger, & Jäncke, 2012;Marsden, Ma, Deci, Ryan, & Chiu, 2015).”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Eisenberger, Pierce, and Cameron, 1999

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Authors: Eisenberger, R., Pierce, W. D., & Cameron, J.
Affiliations: University of Delaware (US)
ORCID: Eisenberger, Robert
Pierce, W. David
Cameron, Judy
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1999
Volume: 125
Issue: 6
Pages: 677-691
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.677
OpenAlex: W2057879831
Cited by: 358
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 14.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH053385, MH-53385)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
Keywords: intrinsic motivation, reward, extrinsic motivation, negative rewards, self-determination theory
MeSH terms: Behavior Therapy, Choice Behavior, Conditioning, Operant, Humans, Internal-External Control, Motivation, Reward, Meta-Analysis as Topic

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Effects of reward on intrinsic motivation—Negative, neutral, and positive: Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan (1999).

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