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The Intervention Selection Bias: An Underrecognized Confound in Intervention Research.
Abstract
Selection bias can be the most important threat to internal validity in intervention research, but is often insufficiently recognized and controlled. The bias is illustrated in research on parental interventions (punishment, homework assistance); medical interventions (hospitalization); and psychological interventions for suicide risk, sex offending, and juvenile delinquency. The intervention selection bias is most adequately controlled in randomized studies or strong quasi-experimental designs, although recent statistical innovations can enhance weaker designs. The most important points are to increase awareness of the intervention selection bias and to systematically evaluate plausible alternative explanations of data before making causal conclusions.
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“there is selection bias in who gets spanked—children with more behavior problems elicit more discipline generally and spanking in particular (Larzelere, Kuhn, & Johnson, 2004).”
From Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. (2016) · cites this paper as Larzelere, Kuhn, & Johnson, 2004
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Metadata
- Authors
- Larzelere, R. E., Kuhn, B. R., & Johnson, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 289-303
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2125639870
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 207
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Evaluation and Performance Assessment
- Keywords
- confounding, internal validity, parental intervention, punishment, homework help, medical interventions, hospitalization, psychological intervention, suicide risk, sexual offending, juvenile delinquency, randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental design, causal inference
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Child, Female, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, Psychotherapy, Punishment, Research Design, Social Support, Suicide, Attempted, Parenting
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