The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive-affective-behavioral model

Pachankis, John E.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.328

Cited by 1,305Social and Intergroup PsychologyMental Health Treatment and AccessAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive-affective-behavioral model

Pachankis, John E.·2007·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.328

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Abstract

Many assume that individuals with a hidden stigma escape the difficulties faced by individuals with a visible stigma. However, recent research has shown that individuals with a concealable stigma also face considerable stressors and psychological challenges. The ambiguity of social situations combined with the threat of potential discovery makes possessing a concealable stigma a difficult predicament for many individuals. The increasing amount of research on concealable stigmas necessitates a cohesive model for integrating relevant findings. This article offers a cognitive-affective-behavioral process model for understanding the psychological implications of concealing a stigma. It ends with discussion of potential points of intervention in the model as well as potential future routes for investigation of the model.

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Studies involving members of other stigmatized groups have demonstrated that concealment is associated with intrusive thoughts, increased psychological distress, anxiety, and depression.
“Studies involving members of other stigmatized groups have demonstrated that concealment is associated with intrusive thoughts, increased psychological distress, anxiety, and depression [59–61].”
From The Stigma of Suicide Survivorship and Related Consequences—A Systematic Review (2016) · cites this paper as [61]

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Authors: Pachankis, J. E.
Affiliations: Stony Brook University (US)
Corresponding author: Pachankis, John E.
ORCID: Pachankis, John E.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007-03
Volume: 133
Issue: 2
Pages: 328-345
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.328
OpenAlex: W1992657881
Cited by: 1,305
References: 165
Citations by year: 2026: 95 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 120 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 77.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: concealable stigma, stigma concealment, psychological stress, social ambiguity, stigma disclosure, intervention
MeSH terms: Adjustment Disorders, Affect, Arousal, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Life Change Events, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Stereotyping, Stress, Psychological, Truth Disclosure

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The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive-affective-behavioral model

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