The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 150 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The group polarization phenomenon.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
(1954) · Cited by 15,935
The Handbook of Social Psychology
Gravatt, A. E., Lindzey, G. E., & Aronson, F. (1969) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582242 · Cited by 12,518
(1972) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(72)80121-7 · Cited by 4,366
Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority
Asch, S. E. (1956) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0093718 · Cited by 4,267
Janis, I. L. (1972) · Cited by 2,382
The group as a polarizer of attitudes.
Moscovici, S., & Zavalloni, M. (1969) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027568 · Cited by 1,038
Consequences of prejudice against the null hypothesis.
Greenwald, A. G. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076157 · Cited by 1,022 · cited 1×
“A further difficulty when trying to document the generality of a phenomenon is the likelihood that negative results have more often gone unreported than have rejections of the null hypothesis (Greenwald, 1975).”
BackgroundCognitive Learning, Cognitive Response to Persuasion, and Attitude Change
Greenwald, A. G. (1968) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3071-9.50012-x · Cited by 1,022
The Impact of College on Students
Feldman, K. A., & Newcomb, T. M. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429339059 · Cited by 957
Integration theory and attitude change.
Anderson, N. H. (1971) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0030834 · Cited by 934
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,102
Social Preferences: Measuring Private, Public, and Group Preferences through Focus Groups
Lindsey, S. (2022) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592722003218 · Cited by 4
The “Less-Is-More” Effect in Group Decision Making
Luan, S., Katsikopoulos, K. V., & Reimer, T. O. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0010 · Cited by 4
de Almeida, O. L., & Paes‐Machado, E. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/0004865814545683 · Cited by 4
Zhou, J., & Wang, E. (2012) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.3 · Cited by 4
Nouri, H., & Kyj, L. S. (2013) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1474-7871(2013)0000022014 · Cited by 4
Groups outperform individuals in tacit coordination by using consensual and disjunctive salience
Chartier, C. R., & Abele, S. (2017) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.06.001 · Cited by 4
Initial Expectations of Team Performance: Specious Speculation or Framing the Future?
Sleesman, D. J., Hollenbeck, J. R., Spitzmüller, M., & Schouten, M. E. (2018) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496418767554 · Cited by 4
Gullickson, A. (2018) · Sociological Science · doi:10.15195/v5.a16 · Cited by 4
Decision Science for Future Earth: A Conceptual Framework
Yahara, T., Tanaka, W., Inoue, Y., Lee, J., Qian, K., Javadi, F., Onda, N., Yokota, F., Eguchi, K., Nishikitani, M., et al. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8632-3_1 · Cited by 4
Jaster, R., & Lanius, D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-33255-6_9 · Cited by 9
Politicultural Sorting: Mapping Ideological Differences in American Leisure and Consumption
Rogers, N. (2022) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x211041143 · Cited by 8
Agency and Communion in Social Comparison
Locke, K. D. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190629113.003.0007 · Cited by 4
McLachlan, A. J. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03671-1 · Cited by 4
The effect of group polarisation on perceived invulnerability in general aviation pilots
Lee, S. Y., & Gilbey, A. (2012) · Griffith Research Online · Cited by 4
Assessment of the ThruVision T4000 Passive Terahertz Camera: A Human Factors Case Study
Butavicius, M., Parsons, K., McCormac, A., et al. (2011) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17764-4_6 · Cited by 4
Framing effects in managerial third‐party intervention: an exploratory study
Elangovan, A. R. (2005) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/01437730510624584 · Cited by 4
Risk‐taking and polarization in small group communication
Rothwell, J. D. (1986) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634528609388339 · Cited by 4
Stasson, M. F., & Hawkes, W. (1995) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00515.x · Cited by 4
EVALUATION OF SAMG EFFECTIVENESS IN VIEW OF GROUP DECISION
Huh, C., Suh, N. D., & Park, G.-C. (2012) · Nuclear Engineering and Technology · doi:10.5516/net.03.2010.045 · Cited by 4
The Effects of Facilitation on Cognitive Restructuring in Online Discussion
Chang, S. L. (2005) · Cited by 4
Seekamp, E., Harris, C. C., Hall, T. E., & Craig, T. Y. (2010) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689810370601 · Cited by 4
Taylor, C. A., Lord, C. G., Morin, A. L., et al. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0035091 · Cited by 4
Ricciardi, V. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42076-9_12 · Cited by 4
Wagner, U., & Stellmacher, J. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-37637-2_56 · Cited by 4
Group polarization in virtual communities: The case of stock message boards
Chen, H. M. (2013) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · doi:10.9776/13174 · Cited by 4
An Evaluation of the Biasing Effects of Death Qualification
Filkins, J. W., Smith, C. M., & Tindale, R. S. (2005) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47144-2_8 · Cited by 4
The Effect of a Quantitative Decision Aid – Analytic Hierarchy Process – on Group Polarization
Chen, C., Gustafson, D. H., & Lee, Y. (2002) · Group Decision and Negotiation · doi:10.1023/a:1015624824288 · Cited by 4
What is this thing called heterodox economicsPreprint
Mearman, A. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4
A Decision-Theoretic Basis for Choice Shifts in GroupsPreprint
Eliaz, K., Debraj Ray, B., & Razin, R. (2004) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4
Peer Influence Among College Students: the Perils and the PotentialsPreprint
Goethals, G. R. (1999) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 4
Hypothetical Examples: A Cognitive Approach to Changing Attitudes toward the Handicapped
Salend, S. J., & Knops, B. (1984) · The Elementary School Journal · doi:10.1086/461402 · Cited by 4
Sentencing councils: a socio‐psychological analysis
Sporer, S. L. (1984) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1984.tb01423.x · Cited by 4
Group Discussion and Drug Abuse Prevention
Madsen, D. B. (1979) · International Journal of the Addictions · doi:10.3109/10826087909048701 · Cited by 4
Group Influences on Success Expectancies Regarding Social Influence Attempts
Lamm, H., Trommsdorf, G., Burger, C. M., et al. (1980) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872678003301001 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPersuasive message effects on individuals versus interacting groups
Norton, L. W. (1986) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 4
du Bois-Pedain, A. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2729162 · Cited by 4
Perceptions of Political Deviants in the U.S. Democratic and Republican PartiesPreprint
Kulibert, D., Moss, A. J., Appleby, J., & O’Brien, L. T. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/aq652 · Cited by 4
Hinsz, V. B., & Robinson, M. D. (2024) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/10464964241274124 · Cited by 3
Sun, L. M., Chen, Y., & Xu, Y. (2025) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2025.2552362 · Cited by 4
Meetings that matter: the dual benefits of panel peer review
Oxley, K. (2024) · Research Evaluation · doi:10.1093/reseval/rvaf047 · Cited by 3
Partial and particularistic: grant peer review panels evaluating interdisciplinarity
Oxley, K. (2024) · Research Evaluation · doi:10.1093/reseval/rvaf037 · Cited by 3
Why do people choose extreme candidates? The role of identity relevance
Hussein, M. A., Tormala, Z. L., & Wheeler, S. C. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104821 · Cited by 5
AN ANALYSIS OF GROUP INFLUENCES ON GOING CONCERN AUDITOR JUDGMENTS
Ahlawat, S. S., & Fogarty, T. J. (2004) · Advances in accounting behavioral research · doi:10.1016/s1474-7979(03)06002-2 · Cited by 3
The Influence of Industry Association Involvement on Technology Decision-Making in Small Businesses
Woods, J. A., Gottschall, R., Matthews, C. H., & Carsrud, A. L. (2017) · Journal of Enterprising Culture · doi:10.1142/s0218495817500121 · Cited by 4
Leask, R., Botha, T., Holm, D. E., et al. (2020) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.105799 · Cited by 3
Brogaard, B. “. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190084448.003.0006 · Cited by 4
Moreau, C. (2022) · Journal of Business and Technical Communication · doi:10.1177/10506519221105495 · Cited by 3
Xingang, W., Zulan, L., & Ting, Z. (2023) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.00709 · Cited by 3
Böhmer, K. (2022) · Politics in Central Europe · doi:10.2478/pce-2022-0021 · Cited by 6
Can Simple Heuristics Explain Moral Inconsistencies?
Fleischhut, N., & Gigerenzer, G. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0017 · Cited by 3
Xiao, Z., & Su, S. K. (2005) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-7932-x_11 · Cited by 3
INFLUENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & GROUP POLARIZATION: A FIELD STUDY OF A VIRTUAL TEAM
Peng, C.-H., & Slaughter, S. A. (2011) · International Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 3
Sequential Betting Behavior: A Test of Asymmetric Inconsistencies in Group Decision Making
Islam, G., Claro, D. P., & Andrade, E. B. (2014) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20681 · Cited by 3
Intergroup Allocation Bias Before and after Group Discussion
Ng, S. H. (1984) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1984.9924541 · Cited by 3
An involvement moderated model of choice shifts
Mongeau, P. A., Hale, J. L., & Smith, M. D. (1993) · Communication Reports · doi:10.1080/08934219309367559 · Cited by 3
THE MALEVOLENT PERSONALITY DISORDER?
Hurlbert, D. F., & Apt, C. (1992) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.979 · Cited by 3
Kerr, N. L., & Huang, J. Y. (1986) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167286123008 · Cited by 3
FLEMING, A. (2008) · Advances in management accounting · doi:10.1016/s1474-7871(08)17004-6 · Cited by 3
Williams, K. (2007) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780080474700-21 · Cited by 3
A case study of group processes and student evaluation of teaching
Mortenson, K. G., & Sathe, R. S. (2017) · Accounting Education · doi:10.1080/09639284.2016.1274908 · Cited by 5
Jungherr, A. M., Rivero, G., & Gayo-Avello, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108297820.008 · Cited by 5
Yin, F., She, Y., Pan, Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111480 · Cited by 3
A nonsexist look at the shift to risk
Jacobson, M. B. (1980) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00287368 · Cited by 3
Nordiska barns bilder av mat och ätande
Johansson, B. B., Hansen, G., Hillén, S., et al. (2006) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 3
Team Creativity in New Product DevelopmentPreprint
Vissers, G. A. N. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1578834 · Cited by 3
Dzuranin, A. C. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1662539 · Cited by 3
The effects of proportion, strength and value orientation of arguments on decision‐making
Silzer, R. F., & Clark, R. D. (1977) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420070404 · Cited by 3
Another Look at the Conformity Explanation of Group-Induced Shifts in Choice
Singleton, R. A. (1979) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872677903200103 · Cited by 3
Group-Shift and the Consensus EffectPreprint
Dillenberger, D., & Raymond, C. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2739786 · Cited by 3
Conservatism in Judgment: Is the Risky Shift-ee Really Risky, Really?
Kellermann, K., & Jarboe, S. C. (1987) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.1987.11678648 · Cited by 3
Does Interaction on Social Media Increase or Moderate Extremeness?Preprint
Shanthikumar, D. M., Wang, Q., & Wu, S. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3879175 · Cited by 3
Vilkins, S., Bruns, A., Svegaard, S. F. K., Choucair, T. D. S., & Esau, K. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119895534.ch2 · Cited by 3
Social influence effects on remote group interactions
Hightower, R., & Hagmann, C. (1995) · Cited by 3
Social Influence as Socially Distributed Information Processing
Nowak, A. K., Vallacher, R. R., Rychwalska, A., Roszczyńska-Kurasińska, M., Ziembowicz, K., Biesaga, M., & Kacprzyk-Murawska, M. (2019) · SpringerBriefs in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30622-9_1 · Cited by 2
Aus der Praxis für die Praxis. Stuhlkreis im Rechtsrutsch / The Group on the Wrong Track
Herrmann, C. (2025) · Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik · doi:10.13109/grup.2025.61.4.276 · Cited by 2
Qian, Y., Xia, C., Wang, J., & Tanimoto, J. (2026) · Applied Mathematics and Computation · doi:10.1016/j.amc.2026.130020 · Cited by 2
Opinion dynamics: Statistical physics and beyond
Starnini, M., Baumann, F., Galla, T., Garcia, D., Íñiguez, G., Karsai, M., Lorenz, J., & Sznajd-Weron, K. (2026) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/j1zg-ddqv · Cited by 57
A Study of Factors Affecting Group Polarization in Online Communication: Based on Anonymity
서응교 (2015) · Journal of Distribution Science · doi:10.15722/jds.13.2.201502.75 · Cited by 2
The Rise of Digital Media and the Retooling of Politics
Jungherr, A. M., Rivero, G., & Gayo-Avello, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108297820.001 · Cited by 3
Besieged fortress syndrome as an element in building the emotions of populism
Ziółkowski, J. (2022) · Society Register · doi:10.14746/sr.2022.6.4.07 · Cited by 2
An Agent-Based Model to Explore Belief and Behavioural Change in a Classroom
Fernandes, K., Davison, D. P., & Wang, D. (2023) · Springer proceedings in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37553-8_12 · Cited by 2
Rismiller, S. C., Cagan, J., & McComb, C. (2024) · Journal of Engineering Design · doi:10.1080/09544828.2024.2324402 · Cited by 2
Reasoning About Group Polarization: From Semantic Games to Sequent Systems
Freiman, R., Olarte, C. A., Pimentel, E. G., & Fermüller, C. G. (2024) · EPiC series in computing · doi:10.29007/wptz · Cited by 3
Random Factors and Research Generalization
Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009170123.025 · Cited by 2
Nijs, T. (2025) · Social Inclusion · doi:10.17645/si.9904 · Cited by 2
Woitzel, J., & Koch, A. S. (2025) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672251345519 · Cited by 2
Mascarenhas, A. B., & Yu, A. S. O. (2025) · Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia · doi:10.5585/2025.28084 · Cited by 2
Chang, V. I. C., Liu, B. S., Sudharshan, D., & Xu, Q. A. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120491 · Cited by 2
Straus, S. G., Parker, A. M., Bruce, J. B., & Dembosky, J. (2009) · Cited by 2
Organizational Ergonomics in Medical Device Design Standards
Alur, S. (2010) · Journal of Medical Marketing Device Diagnostic and Pharmaceutical Marketing · doi:10.1057/jmm.2010.20 · Cited by 2
Micro Foundation of Organizational Learning: Group Learning
Argote, L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5251-5_5 · Cited by 2
Groups are Unpredictably Transformed by Their Internal Dynamics
Tindale, R. S. (1996) · Loyola eCommons (Loyola University of Chicago) · Cited by 2
When Subordinates Become IT Contractors: Persistent Managerial Expectations in IT Outsourcing
Ho, V. T., Ang, S., & Straub, D. W. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34877-1_16 · Cited by 2
Expectation Discrepancy: Risk Communication Barriers in Disaster
Xiaofei, X. I. E., Hu, T.-Y., Jing, L. I. N., & Xi, L. (2013) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2013.00761 · Cited by 2
Berg, N., Abramczuk, K., & Hoffrage, U. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0008 · Cited by 2
Simple Heuristics and Information Sharing in Groups
Reimer, T. O., & Hoffrage, U. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0011 · Cited by 2
Why continuous discussion can promote the consensus of opinions?
Li, Z., Tang, X., Chen, B., Yang, J. G., & Su, P. (2016) · Computational Social Networks · doi:10.1186/s40649-016-0035-x · Cited by 2
Research on Cognitive, Personality, and Social Psychology: II
Kogan, N. (2017) · Methodology of educational measurement and assessment · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58689-2_14 · Cited by 2
Jacobson, D. (2020) · Social Philosophy and Policy · doi:10.1017/s0265052521000029 · Cited by 2
Why Simple Heuristics Make Life Both Easier and Harder: A Social–Psychological Perspective
Fiedler, K., & Wänke, M. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0018 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Myers, D. G., & Lamm, H.
- Affiliations
- Hope College (US)
- ORCID
- Myers, David G.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1976-07
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 602-627
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2004624112
- Semantic Scholar
- 3d20e757aa402632d574801181b23292981e3e51
- Cited by
- 1,102
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 90.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
- Keywords
- group polarization, group decision making, attitude change, group discussion, social influence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review