Automatic imitation of biomechanically possible and impossible actions: Effects of priming movements versus goals.
Abstract
Recent behavioral, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological research suggests a common representational code mediating the observation and execution of actions; yet, the nature of this representational code is not well understood. The authors address this question by investigating (a) whether this observation-execution matching system (or mirror system) codes both the constituent movements of an action as well as its goal and (b) how such sensitivity is influenced by top-down effects of instructions. The authors tested the automatic imitation of observed finger actions while manipulating whether the movements were biomechanically possible or impossible, but holding the goal constant. When no mention was made of this difference (Experiment 1), comparable automatic imitation was elicited from possible and impossible actions, suggesting that the actions had been coded at the level of the goal. When attention was drawn to this difference (Experiment 2), however, only possible movements elicited automatic imitation. This sensitivity was specific to imitation, not affecting spatial stimulus-response compatibility (Experiment 3). These results suggest that automatic imitation is modulated by top-down influences, coding actions in terms of both movements and goals depending on the focus of attention.
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The facilitating effects of observing a task-irrelevant moving finger were eliminated when the finger appeared to move in a biomechanically impossible manner, yet the response was still facilitated by the same finger when it was spatially compatible.
“For example, the facilitating effects of observing a task irrelevant moving finger were eliminated when the finger appeared to move in a biomechanically impossible manner, yet the response was still facilitated by this same finger when it was spatially compatible (Longo et al., 2008).”
From Is automatic imitation a specialized form of stimulus–response compatibility? Dissociating imitative and spatial compatibilities (2012) · cites this paper as Longo et al., 2008
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevious findings from the authors' lab showed that imitative compatibility effects were attenuated or eliminated by perturbing the naturalness of the stimulus, whereas spatial compatibility was not affected by these perturbations.
“This result was foreshadowed by previous findings in our lab revealing that imitative compatibility effects were attenuated or eliminated by perturbing the naturalness of the stimulus, whereas spatial compatibility was not affected by these perturbations (Longo et al., 2008;Longo & Bertenthal, 2009).”
From Is automatic imitation a specialized form of stimulus–response compatibility? Dissociating imitative and spatial compatibilities (2012) · cites this paper as Longo et al., 2008
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Mirror neurons: from origin to function
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Longo, M. R., Kosobud, A., & Bertenthal, B. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Indiana University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 489-501
- ISSN
- 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1277
- OpenAlex
- W2085077219
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 11.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (SBE9704764; BCS0116293, DGE-0202337)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- automatic imitation, mirror system, action observation, movement goals, top-down attention, action representation, spatial stimulus-response compatibility, finger movement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Biomechanical Phenomena, Concept Formation, Female, Fingers, Humans, Imagination, Imitative Behavior, Male, Movement, Reaction Time
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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