The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.
Abstract
This article describes a scale measuring dispositional optimism, defined in terms of generalized outcome expectancies. Two preliminary studies assessed the scale's psychometric properties and its relationships with several other instruments. The scale was then used in a longitudinal study of symptom reporting among a group of undergraduates. Specifically, respondents were asked to complete three questionnaires 4 weeks before the end of a semester. Included in the questionnaire battery was the measure of optimism, a measure of private self-consciousness, and a 39-item physical symptom checklist. Subjects completed the same set of questionnaires again on the last day of class. Consistent with predictions, subjects who initially reported being highly optimistic were subsequently less likely to report being bothered by symptoms (even after correcting for initial symptom-report levels) than were subjects who initially reported being less optimistic. This effect tended to be stronger among persons high in private self-consciousness than among those lower in private self-consciousness. Discussion centers on other health related applications of the optimism scale, and the relationships between our theoretical orientation and several related theories.
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“Concurrently, they are associated with an increased risk of depression,2829 and sadness is a core symptom of depression.12”
From Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation among Psycho-Oncology Outpatients (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“A tanult módszerek napi, rendszeres gyakorlása javítja a pszichológiai közérzetet, növeli az életerőt, és jótékony hatással van az életminőségre [30, 32].”
From Éber, tudatos figyelemre épülő, a rákbetegséggel való megküzdést segítő program (MBCR) hatásvizsgálata magyar rákbetegek körében (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
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“A 12 tételes mérőeszköz belső megbízhatósága elfogadható volt (Cronbach-alfa: 0,72).”
From Éber, tudatos figyelemre épülő, a rákbetegséggel való megküzdést segítő program (MBCR) hatásvizsgálata magyar rákbetegek körében (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
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Items 701–800 of 1,078
Chiesi, F., Galli, S., Primi, C., Borgi, P. I., & Bonacchi, A. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.781029 · Cited by 110
“Dispositional optimism is defined as a continuum in which pessimism and optimism are polar opposites (Scheier & Carver, 1985).”
BackgroundUnderstanding Health Disparities: The Promise of the Stress Process Model
Turner, R. J. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1021-9_1 · Cited by 119
“Other research employing largely prospective designs has confirmed a linkage between optimism and both physical and mental health (Scheier and Carver 1992), and evidence for its significance for the course of symptoms and disorder (Fournier et al. 2002; Scheier and Carver 1985; Scheier et al. 1989; Segerstrom 2007).”
Optimism and psychological well‐being among parents of children with cancer: an exploratory study
Fotiadou, M., Barlow, J., Powell, L. A., & Langton, H. (2007) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1257 · Cited by 117
“The findings are consistent with previous research showing that optimistic people were less likely to experience mental health problems [28].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialRajandram, R. K., Ho, S. M. Y., Samman, N., Chan, N., McGrath, C. P. J., & Zwahlen, R. A. (2011) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-519 · Cited by 110
“The LOT-R was used to assess the patients’ trait level of optimism [20].”
MethodThe measurement of wisdom: A preliminary effort
Jason, L. A., Reichler, A., King, C. P., Madsen, D., Camacho, J. M., & Marchese, W. (2001) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.1037 · Cited by 112
The impact of optimism on anxiety, depression and quality of life in urogenital cancer patients
Zenger, M., Brix, C., Borowski, J., Stolzenburg, J., & Hinz, A. (2009) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1635 · Cited by 115
“Optimism is defined as a relatively stable generalized tendency to expect positive versus negative life outcomes [1].”
BackgroundHazlett, A., Molden, D. C., & Sackett, A. M. (2011) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2011.29.1.74 · Cited by 106
Yang, Y.-L., Liu, L., Wang, X.-X., Wang, Y., & Wang, L. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094804 · Cited by 108
“The Life Orientation Scale-Revised (LOT-R), originally developed by Scheier and Carver [24], was used to assess optimism [39].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMosing, M. A., Zietsch, B. P., Shekar, S. N., Wright, M. J., & Martin, N. G. (2009) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-009-9287-7 · Cited by 108
“Factor analysis indicated that though there is some justification for examining the positive and negative halves of the scale separately , it is most reasonable to treat the scale as onedimensional for most purposes (Scheier and Carver 1985).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPsychological Capital, Team Resources and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Bogler, R., & Somech, A. (2019) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2019.1614515 · Cited by 122
“Hence, optimists are individuals who tend to be “favorable in their outlook” and expect good outcomes (Scheier & Carver, 1985, p. 219).”
BackgroundRandomizing Religion: the Impact of Protestant Evangelism on Economic Outcomes
Bryan, G., Choi, J. J., & Karlan, D. (2020) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjaa023 · Cited by 105
Cohen, L. G., de Moor, C., & Amato, R. J. (2001) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20010515)91:10 · Cited by 110
Noncognitive Skills in the Classroom: New Perspectives on Educational Research
Rosen, J. A., Glennie, E. J., Dalton, B. W., Lennon, J. M., & Bozick, R. N. (2010) · doi:10.3768/rtipress.2010.bk.0000.1009 · Cited by 187
Predicting Deliberate Self‐Harm in Adolescents: A Six Month Prospective Study
O’Connor, R. C., Rasmussen, S. A., & Hawton, K. E. (2009) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2009.39.4.364 · Cited by 115
“Two further implications of this studysociation between childhood sexual abuse and DSH (Sinclair, Crane, Hawton, & Wil- are important to note: First, the findings highlight that DSH is a real issue for youngliams, 2007; Weierich & Nock, 2008).”
BackgroundAgainst the odds: Hope as an antecedent of support for climate change action
Bury, S. M., Wenzel, M., & Woodyatt, L. (2019) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12343 · Cited by 108
Hirsch, J. K., Wolford, K. M., LaLonde, S. M., Brunk, L., & Morris, A. P. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9151-0 · Cited by 113
“Some research suggests that they are independent, negatively correlated constructs (Affleck & Tennen, 1996; Puskar, Sereika, Lamb, Tusaie-Mumford, & McGuinness, 1999; Scheier & Carver, 1985 ), while other studies have identified dispositional optimism/pessimism as a unidimensional construct on a continuum (Gillham, Sh…”
BackgroundThe effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on quality of life.
Anderson, K. (1995) · Research in Nursing and Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770180610 · Cited by 121
The Role of Self-Deception in Perceptions of Past, Present, and Future Happiness
Robinson, M. D., & Ryff, C. D. (1999) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167299025005005 · Cited by 104
“Although various mechanisms may account for this null result (Brown, 1990; McFarlin & Blascovitch, 1981; Tesser & Paulhus, 1983), a crucial mechanism seems to be the positivity of visions for the future self (Bandura, 1989; Markus & Nurius, 1986; Scheier & Carver, 1985).”
BackgroundInfluentialAfter prostate cancer: Predictors of well‐being among long‐term prostate cancer survivors
Blank, T., & Bellizzi, K. M. (2006) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.21865 · Cited by 107
“Optimism and hope Scheier et al.(22,23) developed the Life Orientation Test as a measure of optimism and found it to be a major contributor to variation in coping and adaptation.”
BackgroundMurry, V. M., Harrell, A. W., Brody, G. H., Chen, Y., Simons, R. L., Black, A. R., Cutrona, C. E., & Gibbons, F. X. (2008) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00488.x · Cited by 106
Disrupted lives: investigating coping strategies for non-healing leg ulcers
Hopkins, A. (2004) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2004.13.9.12972 · Cited by 106
Extensional versus Intuitive Reasoning
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.003 · Cited by 111
The Economic Psychology of Entrepreneurship and Family Business
Puri, M., & Robinson, D. T. (2013) · Journal of Economics & Management Strategy · doi:10.1111/jems.12013 · Cited by 102
Spiritual and Religious Support in Recovery from Addiction Among HIV-Positive Injection Drug Users
Avants, S. K., Warburton, L. A., & Margolin, A. (2001) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2001.10400467 · Cited by 105
Tomberg, T., Toomela, A., Ennok, M., & Tikk, A. (2007) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050701311737 · Cited by 108
Cauffman, E. E., Piquero, A. R., Kimonis, E. R., Steinberg, L. D., Chassin, L., & Fagan, J. (2007) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10979-006-9076-2 · Cited by 104
“Items were drawn from various measures of similar constructs (Scheier & Carver, 1985; Strathman, Gleicher, Boninger, & Edwards, 1994; Zimbardo, 1990).”
MethodPsychological Resilience and Health Among Older Adults: A Comparison of Personal Resources
Taylor, M. G., & Carr, D. C. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaa116 · Cited by 120
Maltby, J., & Day, L. (2000) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00108-7 · Cited by 134
Predictors of Nonadherence to HIV‐Related Medication Regimens During Methadone Stabilization
Avants, S. K., Margolin, A., Warburton, L. A., Hawkins, K. A., & Shi, J. M. (2001) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/105504901750160501 · Cited by 104
Eicher, V., Staerklé, C., & Clémence, A. (2014) · Journal des adolescens · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.07.007 · Cited by 97
Gerven, E. V., Bruyneel, L., Panella, M., Euwema, M., Sermeus, W., & Vanhaecht, K. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011403 · Cited by 115
“These items are work adjusted and shortened from the Life Orientation Test (LOT).(33) Sample items are ‘I can always manage to solve difficult problems at work if I try hard enough’ and ‘With respect to my work, I always look on the bright side’.”
MethodSupply chain resilience: a multi-level framework
Adobor, H. (2018) · International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications · doi:10.1080/13675567.2018.1551483 · Cited by 113
“The link between trusting disposition and resilience may be made through optimism (Scheier and Carver 1985).”
BackgroundBlankstein, K. R., Lumley, C. H., & Crawford, A. (2007) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-007-0053-6 · Cited by 101
“Optimism. Dispositional optimism was assessed with the 8-item Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985 ).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSexuality and intimacy following radical prostatectomy: Patient and partner perspectives.
Perez, M. A., Skinner, E. C., & Meyerowitz, B. E. (2002) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.21.3.288 · Cited by 105
Pattaro, C., Gögele, M., Mascalzoni, D., Melotti, R., Schwienbacher, C., Grandi, A. D., Foco, L., D’Elia, Y., Linder, B., Fuchsberger, C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0704-9 · Cited by 103
“These participants are also assessed for perceived stress [33], childhood trauma [34], mood [35], life-orientation [36], and family history of psychiatric disorders.”
BackgroundPopulation-based norms of the Life Orientation Test–Revised (LOT-R).
Schou-Bredal, I., Heir, T., Skogstad, L., Bonsaksen, T., Lerdal, A., Grimholt, T., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2017) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.07.005 · Cited by 104
The trickle-down of work engagement from leader to follower: The roles of optimism and self-efficacy
Lü, X., Xie, B., & Guo, Y. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.014 · Cited by 115
Chapter 6 Levels of processing in emotion-antecedent appraisal
van Reekum, C. M., & Scherer, K. R. (1997) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(97)80123-9 · Cited by 103
Day, L., & Maltby, J. (2003) · The Journal of psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980309600602 · Cited by 101
Browning, L., Ryan, C. S., Thomas, S., Greenberg, M., & Rolniak, S. (2006) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548500600568290 · Cited by 102
“Participants completed the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985 ) to assess optimism (α = .”
MethodSchaefer, L. M., Howell, K. H., Schwartz, L. E., Bottomley, J. S., & Crossnine, C. B. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.08.019 · Cited by 122
Optimism and the boundaryless career: The role of developmental relationships
Higgins, M. C., Riza, S. D., & Roloff, K. S. (2010) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.693 · Cited by 102
“…amounts of career support should foster a sense of competence, effectiveness (Kram, 1985), and optimism about their personal agency in obtaining positive outcomes in the future – that is, the feeling that good things will happen to them (Hale, Fiedler, & Cochran, 1992; Scheier & Carver, 1985).”
The Role of Positive Traits and Pain Catastrophizing in Pain Perception
Pulvers, K. M., & Hood, A. (2013) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-013-0330-2 · Cited by 108
“Whereas optimism is a generalized expectancy for positive outcomes [8], hope taps goal-directed thinking and consists of pathways (perceived routes toward goals) and agency (motivation to pursue routes toward goals), as conceptualized by Snyder [22].”
BackgroundMethodAi, A. L., Peterson, C., Tice, T. N., Bolling, S. F., & Koenig, H. G. (2004) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105304042352 · Cited by 103
“Optimism The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) is a 12-item, self-report scale that measures dispositional optimism.”
BackgroundInfluentialDavid, D. O., Montgomery, G. H., & Bovbjerg, D. H. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.05.018 · Cited by 102
“Existing literature has indicated that individual differences in characteristics such as optimism and pessimism contribute to variability in levels of emotional distress in stressful situations (e.g., Chang, 2001; Scheier & Carver, 1985, 1992).”
BackgroundGörgens‐Ekermans, G., & Herbert, M. (2013) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1131 · Cited by 124
“Based on these criteria, the following four scales were included: hope (Snyder et al., 1996), resilience (Wagnild & Young, 1993), optimism (Scheier & Carver, 1985) and self-efficacy (Parker, 1998) (Luthans, Avolio, Avey & Norman, 2007).”
MethodLyons, K. S., Stewart, B. J., Archbold, P. G., & Carter, J. H. (2009) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnp046 · Cited by 105
Frederick, S. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.032 · Cited by 103
Suicidal ideation in family carers of people with dementia
O'Dwyer, S. T., Moyle, W., Zimmer-Gembeck, M., & De Leo, D. (2016) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1063109 · Cited by 101
“The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) is a 12-item measure of dispositional optimism.”
MethodSocial comparison as a mediator of response shift
Gibbons, F. X. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00046-5 · Cited by 102
Ferrandis, E. D., Mandelblatt, J. S., Clapp, J. D., Luta, G., Faul, L. A., Kimmick, G. G., Cohen, H. J., Yung, R. L., & Hurria, A. (2017) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4404 · Cited by 103
“70).(33) Respondents indicated their degree of agreement with statements such as “In uncertain times, I usually expect the best,” using a 5‐point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree.”
BackgroundKahana, E. F., Kahana, B., & Zhang, J. (2005) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9012-2 · Cited by 101
“We acknowledge and do not currently test the expectation that future orientation may have indirect effects on exercise via hopefulness, via self-efficacy, via positive outcome expectations, or via other mediators such as optimism ( Scheier & Carver, 1985 ).”
BackgroundThe Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment Project: Theory and Methodology
O'Donnell, K. A., Gaudreau, H., Colalillo, S., Steiner, M. S., Atkinson, L. R., Moss, E., Goldberg, S., Karama, S., Matthews, S. G., Lydon, J. E., et al. (2014) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371405900906 · Cited by 99
Message framing, dispositional optimism, and follow‐up for abnormal papanicolaou tests
Lauver, D., & Rubin, M. M. (1990) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770130309 · Cited by 100
The effects of type A behavior dimensions and optimism on coping strategy, health, and performance
Lee, C., Ashford, S. J., & Jamieson, L. F. (1993) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030140205 · Cited by 101
“More importantly, optimism and symptom reporting are also negatively correlated across time (Scheier and Carver, 1985).”
BackgroundOptimism, Goal Conflict, and Stressor-Related Immune Change
Segerstrom, S. C. (2001) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1012271410485 · Cited by 100
“Students who relocated or did not relocate did not differ on LOT scores or baseline TMD; among immune parameters, student who did not relocate had higher adjusted NKCC at the 12.5:1 ratio at baseline [t(46) = 2.05, p < .05].”
BackgroundInfluentialMotivation and Volition in the Course of Action
Achtziger, A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2018) · Motivation and Action · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65094-4_12 · Cited by 104
Acculturation strategies, coping process and acculturative stress
Kosić, A. (2004) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00405.x · Cited by 101
Burke, K. L., Joyner, A. B., Czech, D. R., & Wilson, M. J. (2000) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-000-1009-5 · Cited by 99
Posttraumatic Growth and Optimism in Health-Related Trauma: A Systematic Review
Bostock, L., Sheikh, A. I., & Barton, S. B. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-009-9175-6 · Cited by 116
“The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985 ) is an 8-item instrument (plus 4 filler items) measuring dispositional optimism, defined as ‘‘generalized outcome expectancies’’ (p. 219).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHooghe, M., & Vanhoutte, B. (2010) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9600-0 · Cited by 99
“The ESS used the original Life Orientation Test (Scheier and Carver 1985), using four similar items, and the same scale for the answers.”
MethodSchreiber, D., Bell, R. S., Wunder, J. S., et al. (2006) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-006-0001-4 · Cited by 100
“The LOT measures an individual’s outlook in life from their responses to 8 statements concerning their attitudes [11].”
BackgroundComplete dentures and oral health‐related quality of life – do coping styles matter?
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Chen, C., Greenberger, E., Farruggia, S., Bush, K., & Dong, Q. (2003) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.10068 · Cited by 105
Signs of Resilience in Sexually Abused Adolescent Girls in the Foster Care System
Edmond, T. E., Auslander, W., Elze, D. E., & Bowland, S. (2006) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1300/j070v15n01_01 · Cited by 100
“Several studies have connected optimism, which involves positive expectations about the future, to good physical health and adaptive coping (Scheier & Carver, 1985, 1987; Wyman, Cowen, Work, & Kerley, 1993).”
BackgroundGomez, P., Borges, A. A., Jr., & Pechmann, C. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2013.02.001 · Cited by 103
“Research indicates that optimistic individuals pay more attention to the positive characteristics of situations (Scheier & Carver, 1985); and therefore optimism has been found to be related to promotion focus (Grant & Higgins, 2003; Haaga et al., 2008).”
BackgroundDooley, B., Fitzgerald, A., & Giollabhui, N. M. (2015) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2014.83 · Cited by 99
“The LOT-R has acceptable internal consistency and 4- and 13-week-test-retest reliability (Scheier & Carver, 1985; Carver & Gaines, 1987).”
MethodThe price of social status desire and public self-consciousness in luxury consumption
Balabanis, G. I., & Σταθοπούλου, Α. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.034 · Cited by 113
Chang, E. C. (2002) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1020313427884 · Cited by 99
“Consistent with their model, generalized outcome expectancies have been found to be significantly associated with psychological adjustment in both younger (e.g., Chang, 1998b; Scheier & Carver, 1985) and older adults (e.g., Mroczek, Spiro, Aldwin, Ozer, & Bossé, 1993).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialGrunbaum, J. A., Tortolero, S. R., Weller, N. F., & Gingiss, P. L. (2000) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(99)00006-4 · Cited by 98
The construction and characteristics of an instrument to measure personal hopefulness
Nunn, K., Lewin, T. J., Walton, J. M., & Carr, V. J. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700035613 · Cited by 96
Dimensionality of the Revised Life Orientation Test and the status of filler items
Vautier, S., Raufaste, É., & Cariou, M. (2003) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207590344000222 · Cited by 105
“LOT-R was proposed by Scheier and Carver (1985) to measure a one-dimensional bipolar construct of dispositional optimism as a response to intensifying controversies about the issue of one- vs. twodimensionality of dispositional optimism.”
MethodPrevalence of Insomnia and Its Psychosocial Correlates Among College Students in Hong Kong
Sing, C. Y., & Wong, W. S. (2010) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.497829 · Cited by 101
“24 A higher mean score indicates a higher level of perceived optimism.”
BackgroundModeling the effects of spirituality/religion on patients’ perceptions of living with HIV/AIDS
Szaflarski, M., Ritchey, P. N., Leonard, A. C., Mrus, J. M., Peterman, A. H., Ellison, C. G., McCullough, M. E., & Tsevat, J. (2006) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00646.x · Cited by 100
Links Between Parents’ and Children’s Levels of Gratitude, Life Satisfaction, and Hope
Hoy, B. D., Suldo, S. M., & Mendez, L. M. R. (2012) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9386-7 · Cited by 111
“Alternatively, hope is considered a more cognitive, goal-specific and goal-driven process (Gallagher & Lopez, 2009; Scheier & Carver, 1985).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMeeting the Challenges of Effective International HRM: Analysis of the Antecedents of Global Mindset
Story, J. S. P., Barbuto, J. E., Luthans, F., & Bovaird, J. A. (2013) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21568 · Cited by 98
Increasing optimism abolishes pain-induced impairments in executive task performance
Boselie, J. J. L. M., Vancleef, L. M. G., Smeets, T., & Peters, M. L. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.10.014 · Cited by 101
“Optimism reflects an individual’s tendency to expect that good things will happen in the future [44].”
BackgroundAvi Besser, A., Zeigler‐Hill, V., Weinberg, M., Pincus, A. L., & Neria, Y. (2014) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2014.966143 · Cited by 101
Malkoç, A., & Mutlu, A. K. (2018) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2018.061005 · Cited by 98
“Extensive research has been conducted with the aim of identifying those factors which promote academic achievement such as self-efficacy [5] and optimism [6], and those which inhibit academic achievement, such as academic procrastination.”
BackgroundEffects of future writing and optimism on health behaviors in HIV-infected women
Mann, T. L. (2001) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2301_5 · Cited by 99
Folkesson, P., Nyberg, C., Archer, T., & Norlander, T. (2002) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.90028 · Cited by 99
The Influence of Perinatal Loss on Anxiety in Multigravidas
Côté‐Arsenault, D. (2003) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1177/0884217503257140 · Cited by 98
“The stable personality characteristic of dispositional optimism was assessed by the Life Orientation Test developed by Scheier and Carver (1985). The Life Orientation Test contains eight items and four filler items.”
MethodA Prospective Study of the Effects of Optimism on Adolescent Health Risks
Patton, G. C., Tollit, M. A., Romaniuk, H., Spence, S. H., Sheffield, J. K., & SAWYER, M. G. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0748 · Cited by 104
A Resource-Congruence Model of Coping and the Development of the Coping Schemas Inventory
Wong, P. T. P., Reker, G. T., & Peacock, E. J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-26238-5_11 · Cited by 104
“Table 5 shows that Existential coping is positively correlated with Sense of Coherence (Antonovsky, 1979, 1987, 1992), the Life Orientation Test (Lot; Scheier & Carver, 1985, 1987), and Perceived Physical Well-being (Reker & Wong, 1984).”
Powell, R., Johnston, M., Smith, W. C. S., King, P. M., Chambers, W. A., Krukowski, Z. H., McKee, L., & Bruce, J. (2011) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.08.010 · Cited by 94
“These two items are recommended as a brief scale as they have been shown to have the highest correlations with the overall total (0.54 and 0.56, Johnston et al., 1995; Scheier and Carver, 1985).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPersonality and self-leadership
Williams, S. D. (1997) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/s1053-4822(97)90020-6 · Cited by 99
Likelihood of Undergoing Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Study
Bosompra, K., Flynn, B. S., Ashikaga, T., Rairikar, C. J., Worden, J. K., & Solomon, L. J. (2000) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1999.0610 · Cited by 97
Fatigue after treatment for malignant and benign bone and soft tissue tumors
Servaes, P., Verhagen, S. C. A. H. H. V. M., Schreuder, H. W. B., Veth, R. P. H., & Bleijenberg, G. (2003) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.03.001 · Cited by 97
Wagner, B., Knaevelsrud, C., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2007) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070701339713 · Cited by 98
“One explanation for this finding may be that optimism is a relatively stable aspect of personality (Scheier & Carver, 1985), and that the treatment was too short for effects on optimism to occur.”
BackgroundAn Empirical Investigation of a Theoretically Based Measure of Perceived Wellness.
Harari, M. J., Waehler, C. A., & Rogers, J. R. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.1.93 · Cited by 98
Why health expectations and hopes are different: the development of a conceptual model
Leung, K. K., Silvius, J. L., Pimlott, N., Dalziel, W. B., & Drummond, N. (2009) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00570.x · Cited by 98
Hudson, P., & Hayman-white, K. (2006) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.07.010 · Cited by 99
van Mierlo, M. L., Schröder, C. D., Heugten, C. M. V., Post, M. W. M., de Kort, P. L. M., & Visser‐Meily, J. M. A. (2013) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/ijs.12149 · Cited by 97
Lopez, S. J., Ciarlelli, R., Coffman, L., Stone, M. E., & Wyatt, L. M. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012654050-5/50006-3 · Cited by 98
Policy Bubbles: Policy Overreaction and Positive Feedback
Maor, M. H. (2013) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.12048 · Cited by 98
Liao, H., Su, R., Ptashnik, T., & Nielsen, J. D. (2022) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000362 · Cited by 104
Moore, A. M., Gamblin, T. C., Geller, D. A., Youssef, M. N., Hoffman, K. E., Gemmell, L., Likumahuwa-Ackman, S., Bovbjerg, D. H., Marsland, A. L., & Steel, J. L. (2010) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1746 · Cited by 117
“The LOTR is a 10-item self-report questionnaire, adapted from the original LOT 13-item questionnaire that measures outcome expectancies on a 5-point scale (strongly agree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree) [40,41].”
MethodGoetzmann, L., Klaghofer, R., Wagner-Huber, R., Halter, J. P., Boehler, A., Muellhaupt, B., Schanz, U., & Buddeberg, C. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.07.023 · Cited by 96
“Optimism The Life Orientation Test (LOT) [26] measures a person’s optimism as a behavioral disposition in the sense of a personality trait.”
BackgroundChen, T. (2011) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2011.01.036 · Cited by 96
Hope Measurement in Mexican American Youth
Edwards, L. M., Ong, A. D., & Lopez, S. J. (2007) · Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1177/0739986307299692 · Cited by 97
“Hope has been theoretically distinguished from other strength-based constructs such as optimism (Scheier & Carver, 1985) and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1982).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- Health Psychology
- Published
- 1985
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 219-247
- ISSN
- 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7810
- OpenAlex
- W2170246810
- Cited by
- 6,690
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 155 · 2025: 235 · 2024: 198 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 288 · 2021: 287 · 2020: 320 · 2019: 263 · 2018: 241 · 2017: 222 · 2016: 295 · 2015: 277 · 2014: 274 · 2013: 261 · 2012: 272
- FWCI
- 24.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- dispositional optimism, optimism scale, psychometric properties, coping, somatic symptoms, symptom reporting, private self-consciousness, undergraduate students, health
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Attitude, Female, Humans, Male, Personality, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Self Concept, Set, Psychology, Social Perception
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