The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.
Abstract
This article describes a scale measuring dispositional optimism, defined in terms of generalized outcome expectancies. Two preliminary studies assessed the scale's psychometric properties and its relationships with several other instruments. The scale was then used in a longitudinal study of symptom reporting among a group of undergraduates. Specifically, respondents were asked to complete three questionnaires 4 weeks before the end of a semester. Included in the questionnaire battery was the measure of optimism, a measure of private self-consciousness, and a 39-item physical symptom checklist. Subjects completed the same set of questionnaires again on the last day of class. Consistent with predictions, subjects who initially reported being highly optimistic were subsequently less likely to report being bothered by symptoms (even after correcting for initial symptom-report levels) than were subjects who initially reported being less optimistic. This effect tended to be stronger among persons high in private self-consciousness than among those lower in private self-consciousness. Discussion centers on other health related applications of the optimism scale, and the relationships between our theoretical orientation and several related theories.
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“Concurrently, they are associated with an increased risk of depression,2829 and sadness is a core symptom of depression.12”
From Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation among Psycho-Oncology Outpatients (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“A tanult módszerek napi, rendszeres gyakorlása javítja a pszichológiai közérzetet, növeli az életerőt, és jótékony hatással van az életminőségre [30, 32].”
From Éber, tudatos figyelemre épülő, a rákbetegséggel való megküzdést segítő program (MBCR) hatásvizsgálata magyar rákbetegek körében (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“A 12 tételes mérőeszköz belső megbízhatósága elfogadható volt (Cronbach-alfa: 0,72).”
From Éber, tudatos figyelemre épülő, a rákbetegséggel való megküzdést segítő program (MBCR) hatásvizsgálata magyar rákbetegek körében (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
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Items 1,001–1,078 of 1,078
Abbey, J. G., Rosenfeld, B. D., Pessin, H., & BREITBART, W. S. (2006) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910705x36749 · Cited by 76
Customizing Semantics for Individuals With Attitudinal HFLTS Possibility Distributions
Chen, Z.-S., Chin, K., Martínez, L., & Tsui, K.-L. (2018) · IEEE transactions on fuzzy systems · doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2018.2833053 · Cited by 70
“, [43]) and try to collaborate with psychologists to design some empirical experiments to test the best correspondence between OWA-WVs and attitude scales.”
BackgroundWrosch, C., & Scheier, M. F. (2019) · Advances in motivation science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2019.07.001 · Cited by 91
Self-citationSegerstrom, S. C., Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58763-9_11 · Cited by 95
Self-citationChou, K. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.005 · Cited by 76
“Optimism A six-item scale called the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) (Scheier and Carver, 1985; Scheier et al., 1994), which consists of items that reflect expectations about future outcomes, was included to evaluate optimism.”
MethodPsychological Correlates of Quality of Life in Atrial Fibrillation
Ong, L., Cribbie, R. A., Harris, L., Dorian, P., Newman, D., Mangat, I., Nolan, R. P., & Irvine, J. (2006) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-006-0029-5 · Cited by 77
Deimling, G. T., Bowman, K. F., & Wagner, L. J. (2007) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.ncc.0000300168.88089.2b · Cited by 78
“Optimism was measured using the subscale of the Life Orientation Test.(43) Optimism is generally viewed as a stable dispositional characteristic of the individual.”
MethodClauß, E., Hoppe, A., O’Shea, D. E., González‐Morales, M. G., Steidle, A., & Michel, A. (2016) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000063 · Cited by 83
“Optimism is defined as a cognitive-affective construct with motivational aspects (Carver & Scheier, 2014) and as the expectation that one will experience good outcomes in life (Scheier & Carver, 1985).”
Hope, goals, and pathways: Further validating the hope scale with observer ratings
Cheavens, J. S., Heiy, J. E., Feldman, D. B., Benitez, C., & Rand, K. L. (2018) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2018.1484937 · Cited by 81
“The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) is a 12-item self-report scale designed to assess dispositional optimism, defined as a generalized expectancy of positive outcomes.”
BackgroundMethodPersonality as long-term predictor of coping
Vollrath, M. E., Torgersen, S. O., & Alnæs, R. (1995) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)00110-e · Cited by 79
Jerusalem, M. (1993) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90170-8 · Cited by 79
Fang, W., Zhang, Y., Mei, J., Chai, X., & Fan, X. (2018) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.025 · Cited by 93
Understanding employee thriving: the role of workplace context, personality and individual resources
Nawaz, M. M., Abid, G., Arya, B., Bhatti, G. A., & Farooqi, S. (2018) · Total Quality Management & Business Excellence · doi:10.1080/14783363.2018.1482209 · Cited by 79
“Scheier and Carver (1985) explained optimism (third component of PsyCap) as a dispositional trait, which includes an individual’s internal and stable attribution of positive events (e.g. goal attainment) while external and relatively unstable attribution of negative events (e.g. an unsuccessful…”
BackgroundRelations among depression, self-efficacy and optimism in a sample of nurses in Taiwan
Chang, Y., Wang, P.-C., LI, H.-H., & LIU, Y.-C. (2011) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01180.x · Cited by 76
Gaudreau, P., & Blondin, J. (2004) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/1072-5245.11.3.245 · Cited by 93
Archer, T., Adolfsson, B., & Karlsson, E. (2008) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/bf03033573 · Cited by 79
“The instrument is based on a general model, regarding self-regulated behaviour, that indicates that optimism exerts meaningful behavioural consequences based on the model (Scheier and Carver, 1982; 1985).”
MethodA comparison of open-ended and closed questions in the prediction of mental health
Friborg, O., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2011) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-011-9597-8 · Cited by 76
Dispositional Optimism and Thoughts of Well-Being Determine Sensitivity to an Experimental Pain Task
Geers, A. L., Wellman, J. A., Helfer, S. G., Fowler, S. L., & France, C. R. (2008) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-008-9073-4 · Cited by 76
Uncertainty During the Transition From Cancer Patient to Survivor
Garofalo, J. P., Choppala, S., Hamann, H. A., & Gjerde, J. M. (2009) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0b013e31819f1aab · Cited by 76
“The Life Orientation Test (10-item version) was used to assess optimism.(20) This is a widely used instrument with good psychometric properties.”
MethodThe assessment of components of optimism by POSO-E
SCHWEIZER, K. W., & Koch, W. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00161-6 · Cited by 76
Downsizing the Federal Government: A Longitudinal Study of Managers' Reactions
Armstrong-Stassen, M. A. (1998) · Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l Administration · doi:10.1111/j.1936-4490.1998.tb00173.x · Cited by 76
Perceived Risk of Breast Cancer
Facione, N. C. (2002) · Cancer Practice · doi:10.1046/j.1523-5394.2002.105005.x · Cited by 76
Optimism, social support, and adjustment in African American women with breast cancer
Shelby, R. A., Crespin, T. R., Gregorio, S. W., Lamdan, R. M., Siegel, J. E., & Taylor, K. L. (2008) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9167-2 · Cited by 82
“Optimism was measured using the LOT (Scheier and Carver 1985).”
BackgroundInfluentialHochhausen, N. M., ALTMAIER, E. M., McQuellon, R. P., Davies, S. M., Papadopolous, E., Carter, S., & Henslee-Downey, J. P. (2007) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1300/j077v25n01_05 · Cited by 81
“This 13-item scale measures dispositional optimism and pessimism, has demonstrated internal consistency of .76 using Cronbach’s alpha (Scheier & Carver, 1985), and has shown reliability and validity in patient populations.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDispositional optimism buffers the impact of daily hassles on mental health in Chinese adolescents
Lai, J. C. L. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.007 · Cited by 73
Arthur, K. N., Belliard, J. C., Hardin, S. B., et al. (2012) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/1534735411433832 · Cited by 75
Hegney, D., Fallon, T., & O'Brien, M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02300.x · Cited by 91
Optimism and survival in lung carcinoma patients
Schofield, P. E., Ball, D., Smith, J., Borland, R., O’Brien, P. C., Davis, S. R., Olver, I., Ryan, G. B., & Joseph, D. J. (2004) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.20076 · Cited by 79
“The scale has demonstrated reliability and validity.(17) The scores for the optimistic items were reversed.”
BackgroundDunn, J. C., Occhipinti, S., Campbell, A., Ferguson, M., & Chambers, S. K. (2010) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105310371555 · Cited by 84
Herero, V. G., & Extremera, N. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.019 · Cited by 79
“In contrast, those with a pessimistic life orientation have negative outcome expectations, withdraw effort and become passive, and potentially give up on achieving their goals (Scheier & Carver, 1985).”
BackgroundRisk and Resilience in Pediatric Chronic Pain: Exploring the Protective Role of Optimism
Cousins, L. A., Cohen, L. L., & Venable, C. Y. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsu094 · Cited by 74
“Dispositional optimism is the extent to which an individual upholds generalized favorable expectancies for the future (Scheier & Carver, 1985), and data suggest that people who are high on optimism maintain confidence in achieving an outcome and persevere even when confronted with adversity (Carver…”
BackgroundShi, M., Liu, L., Wang, Z. Y., & Wang, L. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0710-3 · Cited by 77
“Dispositional optimism is conceptualized as a relatively stable, continuous, and bipolar individual difference variable, reflecting a person’s overall expectations about future life events across different domains [23].”
BackgroundShort-Term Impact of Cancer Prevention and Screening Activities on Quality of Life
Cullen, J. C., Schwartz, M. D., Lawrence, W., Selby, J. V., & Mandelblatt, J. S. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2004.05.191 · Cited by 75
“Life Orientation Test [62] One [36]”
MethodPsychometric properties of the Japanese version of the mental adjustment to cancer (MAC) scale
Akechi, T., Fukue, M., Kugaya, A., Okamura, H., Nishiwaki, Y., Yamawaki, S., & Uchitomi, Y. (2000) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/1099-1611(200009/10)9:5 · Cited by 60
A Pilot Evaluation of a Strengths-Based CBT Intervention Module with College Students
Victor, P. P., Teismann, T., & Willutzki, U. (2017) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465816000552 · Cited by 74
“…measurement), self-esteem (Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale [RSES]; Rosenberg, 1965; pre–post measurement) and optimism (Life Orientation Test [LOT]; Scheier & Carver, 1985; pre–post measurement) as protective factors, and change in quality of life directly evaluated by participants (Munich…”
BackgroundInnovative Behavior and Psychological Capital: Does Positivity Make any Difference?
Sameer, Y. M. (2018) · Journal of Economics and Management · doi:10.22367/jem.2018.32.06 · Cited by 82
“According to the above-mentioned criteria, the scales that are used are (1) hope (Snyder, Sympson, et al., 1996), (2) resilience by Wagnild & Young (Luthans, Avolio, et al., 2007), (3) optimism (Scheier & Carver, 1985), and (4) self-efficacy (Parker, 1998).”
BackgroundMethodMonzani, D., Steca, P., & Greco, A. (2014) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.11.006 · Cited by 73
The prospective association between positive psychological well-being and diabetes
Boehm, J. K., Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Kivimaki, M., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2015) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000200 · Cited by 73
Dumas, T. M., Lawford, H., Tieu, T.-T., & Pratt, M. W. (2009) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017360 · Cited by 72
Sears, S. F., Serber, E. R., Lewis, T. S., Walker, R. L., Conners, N., Lee, J. T., Curtis, A. B., & Conti, J. B. (2004) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00008483-200409000-00008 · Cited by 71
Alderman, A. K., & Salem, B. (2010) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e3181ea44f9 · Cited by 68
Optimism and the experience of pain: a systematic review
Basten-Günther, J., Peters, M., & Lautenbacher, S. (2019) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2018.1517242 · Cited by 66
“Accordingly, for men and women differential relations between optimism and various healthrelated variables like, for example, stress symptoms have been reported.(6,16) Similarly, there is evidence of age effects in the prediction of self-rated health by several psychological variables such as positive affect or depres…”
BackgroundCarpenter, D. M., Thorpe, C. T., Alexander, D. S., Sage, A. J., Lewis, M., Hogan, S. L., Geryk, L. L., & DeVellis, R. F. (2016) · Current Rheumatology Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573397112666160719163145 · Cited by 65
Mastery is associated with cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women at apparently low risk.
Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W. J., Luben, R., Wareham, N. J., Bingham, S. A., & Khaw, K.-T. (2010) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019432 · Cited by 64
Patient expectations of quality of life following lumbar spinal surgery
Saban, K. L., & Penckofer, S. M. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Nursing · doi:10.1097/01376517-200706000-00009 · Cited by 63
“The LOT-R is a minor modification of the LOT (Scheier & Carver, 1985).”
MethodInfluentialOptimism and Cardiovascular Health: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Hernandez, R., Kershaw, K. N., Siddique, J., Boehm, J. K., Kubzansky, L. D., Diez-Roux, A., Ning, H., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2015) · Health Behavior and Policy Review · doi:10.14485/hbpr.2.1.6 · Cited by 63
Kube, T., Glombiewski, J. A., & Rief, W. (2018) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000596 · Cited by 62
Hardin, E. E., & Leong, F. T. L. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.1.25 · Cited by 61
Scheier, M. F., Helgeson, V. S., Schulz, R., Colvin, S., Berga, S. L., Knapp, J., & Gerszten, K. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.11.7093 · Cited by 59
Self-citationThe role of optimism in the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior
Rasmussen, K. A., & Wingate, L. R. (2011) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00022.x · Cited by 60
Higher-order model of resilience in the Canadian forces.
Lee, J. E. C., Sudom, K. A., & McCreary, D. R. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0024473 · Cited by 61
Cognitive style predictors of affect change in older adults
Isaacowitz, D. M., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/j6e5-np5k-2uc4-2f8b · Cited by 58
“These researchers used a different notion of optimism and pessimism, which is more concerned with people’s general expectations for whether good things will happen to them in the future or not (dispositional optimism and pessimism: Scheier & Carver, 1985).”
MethodPersonality, cognitive/psychological traits and psychiatric resilience: a multivariate twin study
Amstadter, A. B., Moscati, A., Maes, H. H., Myers, J. M., & Kendler, K. S. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.041 · Cited by 58
Lau, J. T. F., Lau, M., Kim, J. H., & Tsui, H. Y. (2006) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2005.041897 · Cited by 52
Psychological Predictors of Anxiety and Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Garlovsky, J. K., Overton, P. G., & Simpson, J. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22308 · Cited by 49
Jovanović (2014) · doi:10.1007/s10902-013-9432-0 · Cited by 50
Meulders, A., Meulders, M., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2014) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.02.009 · Cited by 48
Momentary mood and coping processes in TMD pain
Litt, M. D., Shafer, D., & Napolitano, C. (2004) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.4.354 · Cited by 47
Klein, H. (2011) · American Journal of Men's Health · doi:10.1177/1557988311398472 · Cited by 46
“…Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale [CES-D; Radloff, 1977]); Cronbach’s α = .93), optimism about the future (using the Life Orientation Test–Revised [Scheier & Carver, 1985]; Cronbach’s α = .78), current life satisfaction (adapted from the Satisfaction With Life scale [Diener, Emmons,…”
MethodCoping with chronic pain: sources of intrinsic and contextual variability
Novy, D. M., Nelson, D. V., Hetzel, R. D., Squitieri, P., & Kennington, M. (1998) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1018711420797 · Cited by 45
Effectiveness of a psychological intervention focused on stress management for women prior to IVF
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“…(Beck Depression Inventory, BDI; Beck et al., 1988) ● Self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, SES; Rosenberg, 1979) ● Optimism (Life Orientation Test, LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) Participants excluded (n=21) a) Initial evaluation not performed (n=8) b) Questionnaire not completed…”
FERNANDER, A. F., DURA´N, R. E. F., SAAB, P. G., LLABRE, M. M., & SCHNEIDERMAN, N. (2003) · Ethnicity & Health · doi:10.1080/13557850303563 · Cited by 40
Pinto, P. R., McIntyre, T., Araújo-Soares, V., Costa, P., & Almeida, A. (2015) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-014-9662-3 · Cited by 38
“Even though optimism is typically described as a trait [40, 53] and thus might be less amenable to clinical intervention than emotional factors and pain catastrophizing, there are studies which have shown the success of interventions on the augmentation of optimism levels [54–58].”
Coelho, G. L. H., Vilar, R., Hanel, P. H. P., Monteiro, R. P., Ribeiro, M. G. C., & Gouveia, V. V. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.030 · Cited by 38
McIntosh, R., Ironson, G., & Krause, N. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110403 · Cited by 28
“” The first three indicators come from the scale developed by [79].”
BackgroundSălcudean, A., Nan, A. G., Bodo, C. R., Cosma, M. C., Strete, E. G., & Lica, M. M. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13111868 · Cited by 24
“Before transitioning to adult care, pediatric patients This method of communication strengthens mechanisms of growth and learning abilities and was previously associated with happiness, gratefulness, as well as reduced stress and depressive symptoms [72]. with the disease.”
BackgroundKim, J. H., Islam, S. J., Topel, M. L., Ko, Y.-A., Mujahid, M. S., Vaccarino, V., Liu, C., Sims, M., Mubasher, M., Searles, C. D., et al. (2020) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.120.006638 · Cited by 23
Predictors of change in quality of life in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder
Shrestha, S., Stanley, M. A., Wilson, N. L., Cully, J. A., Kunik, M. E., Novy, D. M., Rhoades, H. M., & Amspoker, A. B. (2015) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610214002567 · Cited by 22
“The Life Orientation Scale (LOT; Scheier and Carver, 1985) was used to measure optimism.”
MethodThe Self-Concept and Conjugal Loss: Evidence for Structural Change
Montpetit, M. A., Bergeman, C. S., & Bisconti, T. L. (2010) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2010.495522 · Cited by 15
Predictors of symptom distress in women with breast cancer during the first chemotherapy cycle
Boehmke, M. M., & Brown, J. K. (2005) · Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal · doi:10.5737/1181912x154215220 · Cited by 13
“The Scheier and Carver Life Orientation Scale (LOT) was used to measure optimism (Scheier & Carver, 1985).”
MethodRohánszky, M., Berényi, K., Fridrik, D., & Pusztafalvi, H. (2017) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2017.30817 · Cited by 11
Positive thinking in bereavement: Is it related to depression, anxiety, or grief symptomatology?
Boelen, P. A., & van den Bout, J. (2002) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3.857 · Cited by 11
Cohen, L., Stokhof, L. H. F., van der Ploeg, H. M., & Visser, F. C. (1996) · Psychological reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3f.1371 · Cited by 6
Attachment and hope as A framework for improving depression outcomes for trauma patients
Blake, J., Leppma, M., Mamboleo, G., Nauser, J., O'Toole, H., & Chan, F. (2020) · Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling · doi:10.1891/jarc-d-19-00005 · Cited by 6
Willutzki, U., Teismann, T., & Schulte, D. (2011) · Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000070 · Cited by 5
Gager, C. T., Gunn, J. F., Goldstein, S. E., & Martinez, S. M. (2024) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.1177/00914150231208688 · Cited by 6
“Hopelessness was constructed with 12 items, 2 items drawn from the MASQ (Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire; Clark & Watson, 1991; Watson et al., 1995a, 1995b) and 10 items from optimism and pessimism scales (Scheier et al., 1994; Scheier & Carver, 1985; Schulz et al., 1996).”
MethodPrevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation among Psycho-Oncology Outpatients
Park, C. H. K., Kim, H., Kim, Y., Park, S. Y., & Joo, Y. H. (2024) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2023.0484 · Cited by 3
“27 Concurrently, they are associated with an increased risk of depression, 28,29 and sadness is a core symptom of depression.”
Walsh (1995) · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19951201)76:11
Metadata
- Authors
- Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- Health Psychology
- Published
- 1985
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 219-247
- ISSN
- 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7810
- OpenAlex
- W2170246810
- Cited by
- 6,690
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 155 · 2025: 235 · 2024: 198 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 288 · 2021: 287 · 2020: 320 · 2019: 263 · 2018: 241 · 2017: 222 · 2016: 295 · 2015: 277 · 2014: 274 · 2013: 261 · 2012: 272
- FWCI
- 24.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- dispositional optimism, optimism scale, psychometric properties, coping, somatic symptoms, symptom reporting, private self-consciousness, undergraduate students, health
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Attitude, Female, Humans, Male, Personality, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Self Concept, Set, Psychology, Social Perception
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