The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Eye movement assessment of selective attentional capture by emotional pictures.
Abstract
The eye-tracking method was used to assess attentional orienting to and engagement on emotional visual scenes. In Experiment 1, unpleasant, neutral, or pleasant target pictures were presented simultaneously with neutral control pictures in peripheral vision under instruction to compare pleasantness of the pictures. The probability of first fixating an emotional picture, and the frequency of subsequent fixations, were greater than those for neutral pictures. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to avoid looking at the emotional pictures, but these were still more likely to be fixated first and gazed longer during the first-pass viewing than neutral pictures. Low-level visual features cannot explain the results. It is concluded that overt visual attention is captured by both unpleasant and pleasant emotional content.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, numerous independent studies have established that highly arousing events catch both the covert and overt attention (34,35).”
From Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals (2012) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“suggesting that orienting gaze to motivationally-relevant stimuli is largely involuntary in this viewing context.”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Nummenmaa et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“Fixation time over extended viewing appears to reflect mostly top-down, endogenous control of attention.”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Nummenmaa, et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“Whereas emotional stimuli can undermine endogenous control in the initial maintenance of gaze, such stimulus-driven effects appear to wane quickly in the later maintenance of gaze (Nummenmaa, et al., 2006).”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Nummenmaa, et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“However, previous research suggests that orienting to an emotional image in this task context is largely unaffected by contrary instructions to look at an accompanying neutral image (Nummenmaa et al., 2006).”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Nummenmaa et al., 2006
Citations
Cites
Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain
Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn755 · Cited by 12,881
Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5 · Cited by 11,696
Posner, M. I. (1980) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/00335558008248231 · Cited by 9,670 · cited 1×
“A third experimental paradigm is the exogenous cueing task (Posner, 1980), in which a picture is presented very briefly as a cue to the right or left of a fixation point and a target (e.”
Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research
Rayner, K. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372 · Cited by 7,979
(2001) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511546396 · Cited by 4,482
Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions
LANG, P. J., GREENWALD, M. K., BRADLEY, M. M., & HAMM, A. O. (1993) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03352.x · Cited by 3,190
Fears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning
Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.483 · Cited by 3,147
Emotion drives attention: Detecting the snake in the grass.
Öhman, A., Flykt, A., & Esteves, F. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.3.466 · Cited by 2,542
Cuthbert, B. N., Schupp, H. T., Bradley, M. M., Birbaumer, N., & Lang, P. J. (2000) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00044-7 · Cited by 1,900
Load Theory of Selective Attention and Cognitive Control
Lavie, N., Hirst, A., de Fockert, J. W., & Viding, E. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.3.339 · Cited by 1,812
Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions
Dimberg, U., Thunberg, M., & Elmehed, K. (2000) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00221 · Cited by 1,788
Mack, A., & Rock, I. (1998) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3707.001.0001 · Cited by 1,636
Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety?
Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.681 · Cited by 1,469
Peli, E. (1990) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.7.002032 · Cited by 1,423
Human gaze control during real-world scene perception
Henderson, J. (2003) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.09.006 · Cited by 1,409
The face in the crowd revisited: A threat advantage with schematic stimuli.
Öhman, A., Lundqvist, D., & Esteves, F. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.381 · Cited by 1,366
VISUAL ATTENTION: Control, Representation, and Time Course
Egeth, H. E., & Yantis, S. (1997) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.269 · Cited by 1,328
Toward a model of eye movement control in reading.
Reichle, E. D., Pollatsek, A., Fisher, D., & Rayner, K. (1998) · Psychology Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.105.1.125 · Cited by 1,313
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511546396.025 · Cited by 1,071
Attentional bias for threat: evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces
Fox, E., Russo, R., & Dutton, K. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000527 · Cited by 954
Facial Expressions of Emotion: Are Angry Faces Detected More Efficiently?
Fox, E., Lester, V., Russo, R., Bowles, R. J., Pichler, A., & Dutton, K. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300378996 · Cited by 950
Peli, E. (1988) · Annual Meeting Optical Society of America · doi:10.1364/oam.1988.fd8 · Cited by 947
Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Dual-Process Theories of the Mind.
Barrett, L. F., Tugade, M. M., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.553 · Cited by 913
Active vision: the psychology of looking and seeing
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-4646 · Cited by 731
The selective processing of briefly presented affective pictures: An ERP analysis
Schupp, H. T., Junghöfer, M., Weike, A. I., & Hamm, A. O. (2004) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00174.x · Cited by 679
Findlay, J. M., & Gilchrist, I. D. (2003) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524793.001.0001 · Cited by 582
Activation of the visual cortex in motivated attention
Bradley, M. M., Sabatinelli, D., Lang, P. J., Fitzsimmons, J. R., King, W., & Desai, P. (2003) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.117.2.369 · Cited by 528
Mogg, K., Millar, N., & Bradley, B. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.4.695 · Cited by 515
Mogg, K., Millar, N., & Bradley, B. P. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.695 · Cited by 478
Anxiety and attention to threatening pictures
Yiend, J., & Mathews, A. (2001) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755991 · Cited by 472
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1999) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999399379050 · Cited by 458
Attentional Bias for Threatening Facial Expressions in Anxiety: Manipulation of Stimulus Duration
Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Falla, S. J., & Hamilton, L. R. (1998) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999398379411 · Cited by 455
Modulation of spatial attention by fear-conditioned stimuli: an event-related fMRI study
Armony, J. L. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00178-6 · Cited by 433
Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety
Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Millar, N. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930050156636 · Cited by 427
Gaze Patterns When Looking at Emotional Pictures: Motivationally Biased Attention
Calvo, M. G., & Lang, P. J. (2004) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/b:moem.0000040153.26156.ed · Cited by 331
Self-citationPicture media and emotion: Effects of a sustained affective context
Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (1996) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02362.x · Cited by 312
Does Imminent Threat Capture and Hold Attention?
Koster, E. H. W., Crombez, G., Van Damme, S., Verschuere, B., & De Houwer, J. (2004) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.4.3.312 · Cited by 312
Eye Movements and Visual Cognition
Rayner, K. (1992) · Springer series in neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2852-3 · Cited by 274
Spatial frequency, phase, and the contrast of natural images
Bex, P. J., & Makous, W. L. (2002) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.19.001096 · Cited by 268
Selective attention to threat: A test of two cognitive models of anxiety
Mogg, K., McNamara, J., Powys, M., Rawlinson, H., Seiffer, A., & Bradley, B. P. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300378888 · Cited by 232
Visual Attention and Eye Movement Control During Reading and Picture Viewing
Henderson, J. M. (1992) · Springer series in neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2852-3_15 · Cited by 209
The eyebrow frown: A salient social signal.
Tipples, J., Atkinson, A. P., & Young, A. W. (2002) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.2.3.288 · Cited by 180
Affect and Face Perception: Odors Modulate the Recognition Advantage of Happy Faces.
Leppänen, J. M., & Hietanen, J. K. (2003) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.3.4.315 · Cited by 178
Hermans, D., Vansteenwegen, D., & Eelen, P. (1999) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999399379249 · Cited by 173
Buodo, G., Sarlo, M., & Palomba, D. (2002) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1019886501965 · Cited by 160
Tipples, J., Young, A. W., Quinlan, P. T., Broks, P., & Ellis, A. W. (2002) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/02724980143000659 · Cited by 138
Lipp, O. V., Derakshan, N., Waters, A. M., & Logies, S. (2004) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.4.3.233 · Cited by 130
Miltner, W. H. R., Krieschel, S., Hecht, H., Trippe, R., & Weiss, T. (2004) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.4.4.323 · Cited by 121
Facilitated detection of angry faces: Initial orienting and processing efficiency
Calvo, M. G., Avero, P., & Lundqvist, D. (2006) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930500465224 · Cited by 119
Self-citationParafoveal Semantic Processing of Emotional Visual Scenes.
Calvo, M. G., & Lang, P. J. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.3.502 · Cited by 107
Self-citationRohner, J.-C. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000572 · Cited by 102
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Spielberger, 1970, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test manual.
- 10.1080/02724980042000462 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rayner, K. (2009) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210902816461 · Cited by 2,682
Event-Related Potentials, Emotion, and Emotion Regulation: An Integrative Review
Hajcak, G., MacNamara, A., & Olvet, D. M. (2010) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565640903526504 · Cited by 1,370
Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis
Armstrong, T., & Olatunji, B. O. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.004 · Cited by 1,049
“Nummenmaa et al. (2006) found that initial maintenance of gaze on emotional stimuli likely involves both endogenous and exogenous effects: in an unselected sample, instructions not to look at emotional images (i.e., look at the accompanying neutral image) had more effect on initial maintenance of…”
BackgroundInfluentialArousal-Biased Competition in Perception and Memory
Mather, M., & Sutherland, M. R. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691611400234 · Cited by 1,013
(2016) · doi:10.3389/fpsyg · Cited by 801
Metadata
- Authors
- Nummenmaa, L., Hyönä, J., & Calvo, M. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 257-268
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2080080403
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 16.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (SEJ2004-00420)
- European Commission
- Suomen Akatemia
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Keywords
- attentional capture, emotional pictures, attentional orienting, eye movements, emotional valence, unpleasantness, visual attention, gaze duration, peripheral vision
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Arousal, Attention, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Male, Saccades, Visual Perception, Signal Detection, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
