Does Imminent Threat Capture and Hold Attention?
Abstract
According to models of attention and emotion, threat captures and holds attention. In behavioral tasks, robust evidence has been found for attentional holding but not for attentional capture by threat. An important explanation for the absence of attentional capture effects is that the visual stimuli used posed no genuine threat. The present study investigated whether visual cues that signal an aversive white noise can elicit attentional capture and holding effects. Cues presented in an attentional task were simultaneously provided with a threat value through an aversive conditioning procedure. Response latencies showed that threatening cues captured and held attention. These results support recent views on attention to threat, proposing that imminent threat captures attention in everyone.
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After association with an aversive event, initially neutral cues caused both facilitated attentional engagement and delayed disengagement.
“Other studies showed that after the association with an aversive event, initially neutral cues caused both facilitated attentional engagement (Koster, Crombez, van Damme, Verschuere, & de Houwer, 2004) and delayed disengagement (Preciado et al., 2017; van Damme, Crombez, & Notebaert, 2008).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Koster, Crombez, van Damme, Verschuere, & de Houwer, 2004
During many, if not all, fear-conditioning experiments, participants were instructed or encouraged to attend the threat-related stimulus either because it was part of the task or because it was part of the pre-experimental conditioning session.
“Even though these studies demonstrated a strong bias in selecting threat-signaling stimuli, it should be realized that during many, if not all, of these experiments, participants were instructed or encouraged to attend the threat-related stimulus either because it was part of the task (e.g., Koster et al., 2004) or because it was part of the pre-experimental conditioning session (e.g., Mulckhuyse,”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Koster et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Koster, E. H. W., Crombez, G., Van Damme, S., Verschuere, B., & De Houwer, J.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 312-317
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2014431249
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 5.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- attentional capture, threats, aversive conditioning, threat value, visual cues, white noise, response latency, emotion and attention
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Cues, Facial Expression, Humans, Reaction Time, Visual Perception
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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