Groups 4 Health reduces loneliness and social anxiety in adults with psychological distress: Findings from a randomized controlled trial

Haslam, Catherine; Cruwys, Tegan; Chang, Melissa X. -L.; Bentley, Sarah V.; Haslam, S. Alexander; Dingle, Genevieve A.; Jetten, Jolanda

doi:10.1037/ccp0000427

Cited by 207Health disparities and outcomesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesCOVID-19 and Mental Health

Groups 4 Health reduces loneliness and social anxiety in adults with psychological distress: Findings from a randomized controlled trial

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Haslam, Catherine, Cruwys, Tegan, Chang, Melissa X. -L., Bentley, Sarah V., Haslam, S. Alexander, Dingle, Genevieve A., Jetten, Jolanda·2019·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/ccp0000427

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Loneliness is a key public health issue for which various interventions have been trialed. However, few directly target the core feature of loneliness-lack of belonging. This is the focus of Groups 4 Health (G4H), a recently developed intervention that targets the development and maintenance of social group memberships to support health. METHOD: To investigate the efficacy of this intervention, a randomized controlled trial was conducted with participants (N = 120) assigned to G4H or treatment-as-usual (TAU) by computer software. Assessment of primary (loneliness) and secondary (depression, social anxiety, general practitioner visits, multiple group membership) outcomes was conducted at baseline and 2-month follow-up using mixed-model repeated-measures analyses. RESULTS: G4H produced a greater reduction in loneliness (d = -1.04) and social anxiety (d = -0.46) than TAU (d = -0.33 and d = 0.03, respectively). G4H was also associated with fewer general practitioner visits at follow-up (d = -0.33) and a stronger sense of belonging to multiple groups (d = 0.52) relative to TAU (d = 0.30 and d = 0.33, respectively). Depression declined significantly in both G4H (d = -0.63) and TAU (d = -0.34), but follow-up analyses showed this was greater in G4H among those not receiving adjunct psychopharmacological treatment and whose symptoms were milder. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that G4H can be a useful way to treat loneliness and highlight the importance of attending to group memberships when tackling this important social challenge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

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In the second trial, G4H led to significant improvements in loneliness (d = -1.04).
“Again, G4H led to significant improvements in loneliness (d = -1.04),multiple group memberships (d = 0.52), depression (d = -0.63),and social anxiety (d = -0.46),while also reducing primary care utilization relative to the control condition (d = -0.33).”
From Acceptability and Feasibility of an Intervention to Enhance Social Group Belonging: Evidence From Three Trials of Groups 4 Health (2022) · cites this paper as Haslam et al., 2019
The Primary analysis reports a significant reduction in loneliness for G4H and a significant time-by-condition interaction. However, it gives the G4H effect size as d = -1.16, not the claimed d = -1.04. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the second trial, G4H reduced depression (d = -0.63).
“Again, G4H led to significant improvements in loneliness (d = -1.04),multiple group memberships (d = 0.52), depression (d = -0.63),and social anxiety (d = -0.46),while also reducing primary care utilization relative to the control condition (d = -0.33).”
From Acceptability and Feasibility of an Intervention to Enhance Social Group Belonging: Evidence From Three Trials of Groups 4 Health (2022) · cites this paper as Haslam et al., 2019
The Primary analysis reports that depression symptoms decreased significantly within the G4H group, but gives d = -0.67, not -0.63. Symptoms also decreased in the treatment-as-usual group, and the difference in change between groups was not significant (p = .108). (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the second trial, G4H led to significant improvements in multiple group memberships (d = 0.52).
“Again, G4H led to significant improvements in loneliness (d = -1.04),multiple group memberships (d = 0.52), depression (d = -0.63),and social anxiety (d = -0.46),while also reducing primary care utilization relative to the control condition (d = -0.33).”
From Acceptability and Feasibility of an Intervention to Enhance Social Group Belonging: Evidence From Three Trials of Groups 4 Health (2022) · cites this paper as Haslam et al., 2019
The ‘Multiple group memberships’ results (page unavailable) report a significant increase with G4H, but also a significant increase with treatment as usual. The paper gives d = 0.96 for G4H and d = 0.44 for treatment as usual; it reports 0.52 as the time-by-condition interaction coefficient (β), not as d. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the second trial, G4H reduced primary care utilization relative to control (d = -0.33).
“Again, G4H led to significant improvements in loneliness (d = -1.04),multiple group memberships (d = 0.52), depression (d = -0.63),and social anxiety (d = -0.46),while also reducing primary care utilization relative to the control condition (d = -0.33).”
From Acceptability and Feasibility of an Intervention to Enhance Social Group Belonging: Evidence From Three Trials of Groups 4 Health (2022) · cites this paper as Haslam et al., 2019
The GP visits Results section reports a significant time-by-condition interaction: visits tended to decrease with G4H and increase with treatment as usual. But the decrease within G4H was not significant, and its reported effect size was d = -0.21, not d = -0.33. The Discussion describes the evidence on GP visits as mixed. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the second trial, G4H reduced social anxiety (d = -0.46).
“Again, G4H led to significant improvements in loneliness (d = -1.04),multiple group memberships (d = 0.52), depression (d = -0.63),and social anxiety (d = -0.46),while also reducing primary care utilization relative to the control condition (d = -0.33).”
From Acceptability and Feasibility of an Intervention to Enhance Social Group Belonging: Evidence From Three Trials of Groups 4 Health (2022) · cites this paper as Haslam et al., 2019
The Social anxiety results report a significant reduction for G4H but not for treatment as usual. The reported G4H effect size is d = -0.53, not the claimed d = -0.46 (page unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Social Prescribing as ‘Social Cure’: A longitudinal study of the health benefits of social connectedness within a Social Prescribing pathway
Wakefield, J. R. H., Këllezi, B., Stevenson, C., McNamara, N., Bowe, M., Wilson, I., Halder, M., & Mair, E. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320944991 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Better together: How group-based physical activity protects against depression
Stevens, M. R., Lieschke, J., Cruwys, T., Cárdenas, D., Platow, M. J., & Reynolds, K. J. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114337 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
The how and the when of the social cure: A conceptual model of group‐ and individual‐level mechanisms linking social identity to health and well‐being
Häusser, J. A., Junker, N. M., & van Dick, R. (2020) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2668 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Evidence that loneliness can be reduced by a whole-of-community intervention to increase neighbourhood identification
Fong, P., Cruwys, T., Robinson, S. L., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., Mance, P. L., & Fisher, C. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113909 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interventions to improve social connections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zagic, D., Wuthrich, V. M., Rapee, R. M., & Wolters, N. E. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-021-02191-w · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Interventions to Reduce Loneliness in Community-Living Older Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Shekelle, P., Miake-Lye, I. M., Begashaw, M. M., Booth, M. S., Myers, B. A., Lowery, N., & Shrank, W. H. (2024) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08517-5 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Identity Continuity Protects Academic Performance, Retention, and Life Satisfaction among International Students
Cruwys, T., Ng, N. W. K., Haslam, S. A., & Haslam, C. (2020) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12254 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citation
‘Just snap out of it’ – the experience of loneliness in women with perinatal depression: a Meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
Adlington, K., Vasquez, C., Pearce, E., Wilson, C. A., Nowland, R. A., Taylor, B. L., Spring, S., & Johnson, S. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04532-2 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Therapist-Guided Internet-Based Treatments for Loneliness: A Randomized Controlled Three-Arm Trial Comparing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Käll, A., Bäck, M., Welin, C., Åman, H., Bjerkander, R., Wänman, M., Lindegaard, T., Berg, M., Moche, H., Shafran, R., et al. (2021) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000516989 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Groups 4 Health versus cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression and loneliness in young people: Randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial with 12-month follow-up
Cruwys, T., Haslam, C., Rathbone, J. A., Williams, E., Haslam, S. A., & Walter, Z. C. (2022) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2021.128 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citation
Loneliness as an active ingredient in preventing or alleviating youth anxiety and depression: a critical interpretative synthesis incorporating principles from rapid realist reviews
Pearce, E., Myles-Hooton, P., Johnson, S., Hards, E., Olsen, S., Clisu, D., Pais, S. M. A., Chesters, H. A., Shah, S., Jerwood, G., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01740-w · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Given the clear role of identity and sharing experiences in reducing loneliness, interventions such as Groups4Health [73, 74], which aim to build stronger social identities, might be particularly promising.”
Background
When the final whistle blows: Social identity pathways support mental health and life satisfaction after retirement from competitive sport
Haslam, C., Lam, B. C. P., Yang, J., Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., Boen, F., Mertens, N., Brandt, K. D., Wang, X., et al. (2021) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102049 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Tackling loneliness together: A three-tier social identity framework for social prescribing
Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Sharman, L. S., Hayes, S., Walter, Z. C., Jetten, J., Steffens, N. K., Cardona, M., Rue, C. J. L., et al. (2024) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302241242434 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effects of social and organizational connectedness on employee well‐being and remote working experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Brown, A., & Leite, A. C. (2022) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12934 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Identity leadership and social identification within sport teams over a season: A social network analysis
Bruner, M. W., McLaren, C. D., Mertens, N., Steffens, N. K., Boen, F., McKenzie, L., Haslam, S. A., & Fransen, K. (2021) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102106 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interventions to improve social circumstances of people with mental health conditions: a rapid evidence synthesis
Barnett, P., Steare, T., Dedat, Z., Pilling, S., McCrone, P., Knapp, M. R. J., Cooke, E., Lamirel, D., Dawson, S., Goldblatt, P., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03864-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Loneliness in older people and COVID-19: Applying the social identity approach to digital intervention design
Stuart, A., Katz, D., Stevenson, C., Gooch, D., Harkin, L., Bennasar, M., Sanderson, L., Liddle, J., Bennaceur, A., Levine, M., et al. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100179 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Group arts interventions for depression and anxiety among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Quinn, E. A., Millard, E., & Jones, J. M. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00368-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lonesome no more? A two-year follow-up of internet-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for loneliness
Käll, A., Backlund, U., Shafran, R., & Andersson, G. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100301 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on loneliness in a community sample of older adults: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Smith, R., Wuthrich, V., Johnco, C., & Belcher, J. (2021) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2020.1836105 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Groups 4 Health protects against unanticipated threats to mental health: Evaluating two interventions during COVID-19 lockdown among young people with a history of depression and loneliness
Cruwys, T., Haslam, C., Rathbone, J. A., Williams, E., & Haslam, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.029 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Developing engaged and ‘teamful’ leaders: A randomized controlled trial of the 5R identity leadership program
Haslam, S. A., Reutas, J. A., Bentley, S. V., McMillan, B., Lindfield, M., Luong, M., Peters, K., & Steffens, N. K. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286263 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social group connections support mental health following wildfire
Cruwys, T., Macleod, E., Heffernan, T., Walker, I. A., Stanley, S. K., Kurz, T., Greenwood, L., Evans, O., & Calear, A. L. (2023) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02519-8 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Behavioral and Neural Dissociation of Social Anxiety and Loneliness
Lieberz, J., Shamay‐Tsoory, S., Saporta, N., Kanterman, A., Gorni, J., Eßer, T., Kuskova, E., Schultz, J., Hurlemann, R., & Scheele, D. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2029-21.2022 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Rethinking the nature of the person at the heart of the biopsychosocial model: Exploring social changeways not just personal pathways
Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., Jetten, J., Cruwys, T., & Bentley, S. V. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113566 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reductions in social anxiety during treatment predict lower levels of loneliness during follow-up among individuals with social anxiety disorder
O’Day, E. B., Butler, R. M., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Heimberg, R. G. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102362 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Understanding and Improving Athlete Mental Health: A Social Identity Approach
Stevens, M. R., Cruwys, T., OLIVE, L. S., & Rice, S. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-01996-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Friendships that money can buy: financial security protects health in retirement by enabling social connectedness
Cruwys, T., Haslam, C., Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Fong, P., & Lam, B. C. P. (2019) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1281-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effectiveness of social-support-based weight-loss interventions—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jensen, M. T., Nielsen, S. S., Jessen-Winge, C., Madsen, C. M. T., Thilsing, T., Sønderlund, A. L., & Christensen, J. R. (2024) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01468-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Exploring links between social identity, emotion regulation, and loneliness in those with and without a history of mental illness
Hayes, S., Carlyle, M., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., & Dingle, G. A. (2022) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12358 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reducing loneliness among people with substance use disorders: Feasibility of ‘Groups for Belonging’
Ingram, I., Kelly, P. J., Haslam, C., O'Neil, O. J., Deane, F. P., Baker, A., & Dingle, G. A. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13121 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
A controlled evaluation of social prescribing on loneliness for adults in Queensland: 8-week outcomes
Dingle, G. A., Sharman, L. S., Hayes, S., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Jetten, J., Haslam, S. A., McNamara, N., Chua, D., Baker, J. R., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1359855 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social support facilitates physical activity by reducing pain
Stevens, M. R., Cruwys, T., & Murray, K. (2020) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12424 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
Shared social identity and perceived social support among stroke groups during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Relationship with psychosocial health
Lamont, R. A., Calitri, R., Mounce, L. T. A., Hollands, L., Dean, S. G., Code, C., Sanders, A., & Tarrant, M. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12348 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Misery loves company: Predictors of treatment response to a loneliness intervention
Cruwys, T., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., & Dingle, G. A. (2022) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2022.2143300 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interdependence, bonding and support are associated with improved mental wellbeing following an outdoor team challenge
Cohen, E. E. A., Davis, A., & Taylor, J. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12351 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Associations between transient and chronic loneliness, and depression, in the understanding society study
Wolska, K., & Creaven, A. (2022) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12397 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Acceptability and Feasibility of an Intervention to Enhance Social Group Belonging: Evidence From Three Trials of Groups 4 Health
Cruwys, T., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Rathbone, J. A., & Donaldson, J. L. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.06.011 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Boosting neighbourhood identification to benefit wellbeing: Evidence from diverse community samples
Cruwys, T., Fong, P., Evans, O., Batterham, P. J., & Calear, A. L. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101816 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Therapists who foster social identification build stronger therapeutic working alliance and have better client outcomes.
Cruwys, T., Lee, G. C., Robertson, A. M., Haslam, C., Sterling, N., Platow, M. J., Williams, E., Haslam, S., & Walter, Z. C. (2023) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152394 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multiple group membership supports resilience and growth in response to violence and abuse
Haslam, C., Latilla, T., Muldoon, O. T., Cruwys, T., & Kearns, M. L. (2021) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2570 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social Prescribing: A Review of the Literature
Dingle, G. A., & Sharman, L. S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06932-1_8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social identity processes as a vehicle for therapeutic success in psychedelic treatment
Newson, M., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., & Roseman, L. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00302-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Loneliness in early psychosis: a qualitative study exploring the views of mental health practitioners in early intervention services
Stefanidou, T., Wang, J., Morant, N. J., Lloyd‐Evans, B., & Johnson, S. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03138-w · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Hikikomori in the Middle East: The role of problematic gaming, social media use, and loneliness
Shah, H., Helmy, M. S., & Vally, Z. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312818 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
GROUPS 4 RETIREMENT: A new intervention that supports well‐being in the lead‐up to retirement by targeting social identity management
Rue, C. J. L., Haslam, C., Bentley, S. V., Lam, B. C. P., Steffens, N. K., Branscombe, N. R., Haslam, S. A., & Cruwys, T. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12458 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Identity change and the transition to university: Implications for cortisol awakening response, psychological well‐being and academic performance
Griffin, S. M., Lebedová, A., Cruwys, T., McMahon, G., Foran, A., Skrodzka, M., Gallagher, S. M., Ginty, A. T., & Muldoon, O. T. (2024) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12608 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
The link between family identification, loneliness, and symptom severity in people with eating disorders
McNamara, N., Wakefield, J. R. H., Cruwys, T., Potter, A., Jones, B. A., & McDevitt, S. (2022) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2606 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Group-Mediated Approach to Precision Medicine—Social Identification, Prevention, and Treatment
Beauchamp, M. R., & Rhodes, R. E. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0024 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Influences on participation in a programme addressing loneliness among people with depression and anxiety: findings from the Community Navigator Study
Frerichs, J., Billings, J., Barber, N., Chhapia, A., Chipp, B., Shah, P., Shorten, A., Stefanidou, T., Johnson, S., Lloyd‐Evans, B., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02961-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
GROUPS 2 CONNECT: An online activity to maintain social connection and well‐being during COVID‐19
Bentley, S. V., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Larwood, J. L., & Rue, C. J. L. (2021) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12330 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social group memberships, physical activity, and physical health following retirement: A six‐year follow‐up from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Stevens, M. R., Cruwys, T., Haslam, C., & Wang, V. (2021) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12506 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Positive Links Between Exposure to Police Violence, PTSD, and Depression Symptoms Among Yellow Vests Protesters in France
Çelebi, E. Y., Adam‐Troian, J., & Mahfud, Y. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520935863 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
What works to reduce loneliness: a rapid systematic review of 101 interventions
Blodgett, J. M., Tiley, K., Harkness, F., & Musella, M. (2025) · Journal of Public Health Policy · doi:10.1057/s41271-025-00561-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
How does loneliness interact with positive, negative and depressive symptoms of psychosis? New insights from a longitudinal therapy process study
Winkler, K., Lincoln, T. M., Wiesjahn, M., Jung, E., & Schlier, B. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.024 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Reduced loneliness mediates the effects of multiple group identifications on well‐being
van Dick, R., Frenzel, S. B., Erkens, V. A., Häusser, J. A., Haslam, S. A., Mojzisch, A., Steffens, N. K., & Junker, N. M. (2023) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12651 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differences in Loneliness and Social Isolation among Community-Dwelling Older Adults by Household Type: A Nationwide Survey in Japan
Oe, N., & Tadaka, E. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11111647 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
An examination of social group memberships in patients with eating disorders, carers, and healthy controls.
Rowlands, K., Willmott, D., Cardi, V., Bryan, D. C., Cruwys, T., & Treasure, J. (2021) · European eating disorders review · doi:10.1002/erv.2840 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exploring the use of social network interventions for adults with mental health difficulties: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Brooks, H. L., Devereux‐Fitzgerald, A., Richmond, L., Caton, N., Cherry, M. G., Bee, P., Lovell, K., Downs, J. L., Edwards, B. M., Vassilev, I., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04881-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Meta‐identification: Perceptions of others’ group identification shape group life
Steffens, N., Greenaway, K., Moore, S., Munt, K., Grundmann, F., Haslam, S., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., Skorich, D., & Tatachari, S. (2023) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.3014 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Connecting groups and behaviours: A network analysis of identity‐infused behaviours
Hughes, E. A., Ellis, S., & Smith, J. R. (2023) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12674 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A blended group intervention to promote social connectedness and wellbeing among international university students: an exploratory study
Cipolletta, S., Tedoldi, I., & Tomaino, S. C. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1497544 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention for the children of parents with depression: mid-term effects, mediators and moderators
Löchner, J., Platt, B., Starman‐Wöhrle, K., Takano, K., Engelmann, L., Voggt, A., Loy, F., Bley, M., Winogradow, D., Hämmerle, S., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04926-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Randomised controlled trial of the Community Navigator programme to reduce loneliness and depression for adults with treatment-resistant depression in secondary community mental health services: trial protocol
Stefanidou, T., Ambler, G., Bartl, G., Barber, N., Billings, J., Bogatsu, T., Carroll, R., Chipp, B., Conneely, M., Downey, A.-M., et al. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07684-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Loneliness and social anxiety in the general population over time – results of a cross-lagged panel analysis
Reinwarth, A. C., Beutel, M. E., Schmidt, P. S., Wild, P. S., Münzel, T. F., König, J., Konstantinides, S., Schattenberg, J. M., Lackner, K. J., Schuster, A. K.-G., et al. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724001818 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Physical activity experiences of community-dwelling older adults with physical disabilities: a scoping review of qualitative research
Jackman, P. C., Cooke, S., George, T., Blackwell, J., & Middleton, G. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2253536 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Does neighbourhood identification buffer against the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on self-harm?
McIntyre, J. C., Elahi, A., Latham, C., Mullholland, H., Haines‐Delmont, A., Saini, P., & Taylor, P. J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.103 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Social Identity Theory of Digital Identity
Bingley, W., Worthy, P., Wiles, J., & Haslam, S. A. (2026) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916261419813 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measurement of Shared Social Identity in Singing Groups for People With Aphasia
Tarrant, M., Lamont, R. A., Carter, M., Dean, S. G., Spicer, S., Sanders, A., & Calitri, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669899 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Trust people you’ve never worked with” – A social network visualization of teamwork, cohesion, social support, and mental health in NHS Covid personnel
Schilling, S., Armaou, M., Morrison, Z., Carding, P. N., Bricknell, M. C. M., & Connelly, V. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293171 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effective interventions to reduce loneliness in big cities
Fischer, R. D., & Hartle, L. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000844 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Group-led creative writing and behavioural health in cancer: a randomised clinical trial
Nesterova, D., Zhu, J.-J., Kramer, C., Vasekar, M., Truica, C., Joshi, A., Hayes, M., Kessler, J., Saunders, E. F. H., Drabick, J., et al. (2021) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002463 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Satisfaction with social connectedness as a predictor for positive and negative symptoms of psychosis: A PHAMOUS study
Vogel, J. S., Bruins, J., de Jong, S., Knegtering, H., Bartels‐Velthuis, A. A., Bruggeman, R., Jörg, F., Pijnenborg, M. G. H. M., Veling, W., Visser, E., et al. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.10.004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Loneliness in Older People and COVID-19: Applying the Social Identity Approach to Digital Intervention DesignPreprint
Stuart, A., Katz, D., Stevenson, C., Gooch, D., Harkin, L., Bennasar, M., Sanderson, L., Liddle, J., Bennaceur, A., Levine, M., et al. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qk9hb · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Advancing the health and well‐being of boys and men: Lessons from the social cure and curse framework
Rossum, A. V., van Laar, C., & Scheepers, D. T. (2024) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12107 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Disciplinary differences in the study of the relationship between social variables and mental health: A systematic mapping review
Cruwys, T., Brossard, B., Zhou, H., Helleren-Simpson, G., Klik, K. A., Rooy, D. V., Batterham, P. J., & Calear, A. L. (2021) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/13634593211063049 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
An experimental investigation of the influence of loneliness on changes in belongingness and desire to escape
Badcock, A. C., Carrington‐Jones, P., Stritzke, W. G. K., & Page, A. C. (2022) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12854 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Social Disconnectedness in Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease: Associations with Health Literacy and Treatment Burden
Christiansen, J., Lasgaard, M., Pedersen, S. S., Pedersen, M. H., & Friis, K. (2024) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-024-10263-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Together We can Figure It out: Groups Find Hospitality Robots Easier to Use and Interact With Them More than Individuals
Preusse, H. R., Skulsky, R., Fraune, M. R., & Stringam, B. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2021.730399 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The mediating effect of social intelligence in the association between social anxiety and mental health among Chinese nursing students
Bai, Q., Cui, Z., Hou, R., & Wang, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78637-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Intergroup Contact Alleviates Loneliness: The Extensive Effect of Common Ingroup Identity
Yu, D., Bai, J., Zhao, Y., Yin, C., Liang, F., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s404275 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Adaptation of Connecting People to address loneliness and social isolation in university students: a feasibility study
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Groups 4 Health protects against unanticipated threats to mental health: Evaluating two interventions during COVID-19 lockdown among young people with a history of depression and loneliness
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Authors: Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Chang, M. X. L., Bentley, S. V., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G. A., & Jetten, J.
Affiliations: The University of Queensland (AU)
Australian National University (AU)
Corresponding author: Haslam, Catherine
ORCID: Haslam, Catherine
Cruwys, Tegan
Bentley, Sarah V.
Haslam, S. Alexander
Dingle, Genevieve A.
Jetten, Jolanda
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2019-09
Volume: 87
Issue: 9
Pages: 787-801
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000427
OpenAlex: W2967246001
Cited by: 207
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1
FWCI: 20.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (acceptedVersion)
ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Keywords: loneliness, social anxiety, social group membership, sense of belonging, psychological distress, depression, general practitioner visits, computer-based intervention
MeSH terms: Phobia, Social, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Group Processes, Humans, Loneliness, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotherapy, Social Identification, Stress, Psychological, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult

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Groups 4 Health reduces loneliness and social anxiety in adults with psychological distress: Findings from a randomized controlled trial

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