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Using design thinking to improve psychological interventions: The case of the growth mindset during the transition to high school.
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=3,676). Although the intervention could still be improved even further, the current research provides a model for how to improve and scale interventions that begin to address pressing educational problems. It also provides insight into how to teach a growth mindset more effectively.
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“In preparing the intervention to be scalable, we revised past growth mindset interventions to focus on the perspectives, concerns and reading levels of ninth-grade students in the United States, through an intensive research and development process that involved interviews, focus groups and randomized pilot experiments with thousands of adolescents13.”
From A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
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“The observation that mindset is a more important predictor of success for low-income students than for their high-income peers is novel, although it is consistent with prior research, which has found that a fixed mindset is more debilitating (and a growth mindset is more protective) when individuals must overcome significant barriers to succeed (13, 14).”
From Growth mindset tempers the effects of poverty on academic achievement (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Additionally, a number of field experiments have now shown that growth mindset plays a causal role in achievement.”
From Growth mindset tempers the effects of poverty on academic achievement (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
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“The specific intervention evaluated here—a growth mindset of intelligence intervention—addresses the beliefs of adolescents about the nature of intelligence, leading students to see intellectual abilities not as fixed but as capable of growth in response to dedicated effort, trying new strategies and seeking help when appropriate12–16.”
From A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
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“Nonetheless, previous randomized evaluations, including a pre-registered replication, found that online growth mindset interventions improved grades for the targeted group of students in secondary education who previously showed lower achievement13,16,18.”
From A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
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“Importantly, it is also a belief that is potentially amenable to change (10–14).”
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“These field experiments, including two blinded, randomized, controlled studies conducted with over 1,500 participants each, have shown that targeted interventions can help students start to develop a growth mindset and that such interventions can lead to higher achievement for students facing greater adversity (10–14).”
From Growth mindset tempers the effects of poverty on academic achievement (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
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“We chose fixed mindset items rather than growth mindset items because growth items sometimes create an acquiescence bias.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yeager, D. S., Romero, C., Paunesku, D., Hulleman, C. S., Schneider, B., Hinojosa, C., Lee, H. Y., O'Brien, J., Flint, K., Roberts, A., Trott, J., Greene, D., Walton, G. M., & Dweck, C. S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- ICF International (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Educational Psychology
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 374-391
- ISSN
- 0022-0663 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2176
- PMC
- PMC4981081
- OpenAlex
- W2508466548
- Cited by
- 691
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 93.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Spencer Foundation
- William T. Grant Foundation
- Bezos Foundation
- Houston Endowment
- Character Lab
- Stanford University
- Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- design thinking, growth mindset, psychological intervention, transition to high school, scaling up interventions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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