Functional MRI reveals different response inhibition between adults and children with ADHD
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been recognized as a disorder of executive function, and a number of functional MRI (fMRI) studies have been conducted to investigate the altered brain activation patterns between ADHD patients and healthy controls. However, the findings across different studies have been inconsistent, and the different neural mechanisms between adults and children with ADHD remain unclear. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of fMRI studies to further investigate and compare the abnormalities in adults and children with ADHD during motor response inhibition. METHOD: Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was used to investigate brain activation differences between ADHD patients and controls, and a subtraction meta-analysis was performed to compare adult and child patients. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis using ALE detected significantly decreased activation during response inhibition in ADHD in the supplementary motor area, insula, caudate, and precentral gyrus, as well as increased activation in the postcentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and precuneus. The activation decreases in the right caudate were greater in child ADHD patients than adult ADHD patients. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis identified dysfunction in several areas of the motor inhibition network that may play a role in the abnormal neural mechanisms of response inhibition in ADHD. The comparison of child and adult subgroups raises the possibility that the persistence of functional abnormalities of the caudate may be an important factor in whether ADHD persists.
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Meta-analyses of fMRI studies of inhibitory control find most consistently reduced activation in right, left or bilateral IFC, MFC/ACC/SMA and striato-thalamic regions, with some studies also finding DLPFC underactivation.
“In conclusion, meta-analyses of fMRI studies of inhibitory control find most consistently reduced activation in right, left or bilateral IFC, MFC/ACC/SMA and striato-thalamic regions with some studies also finding DLPFC underactivation (Hart et al., 2013; McCarthy et al., 2014; Lei et al., 2015; Norman et al., 2016).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Lei et al., 2015
Enhanced activation was also observed predominantly in DMN occipital regions in the meta-analysis of 55 fMRI tasks including cognitive control, emotion processing and reward tasks and in a meta-analysis of motor response inhibition.
“Enhanced activation was also observed predominantly in DMN occipital regions in the meta-analysis of 55 fMRI tasks including cognitive control, emotion processing and reward tasks (Cortese et al., 2012) and in a meta-analysis of motor response inhibition (Lei et al., 2015).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Lei et al., 2015
Another fMRI meta-analysis that included 16 Go/no-Go and 8 Stop task fMRI studies confirmed underactivation in left ACC/SMA, bilateral DLPFC, right caudate, left thalamus and left IFC.
“Another fMRI meta-analysis that included 16 Go/no-Go and 8 Stop task fMRI studies confirmed the findings of underactivation previously observed in left ACC/SMA, bilateral DLPFC, right caudate, left thalamus and left IFC (Lei et al., 2015).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Lei et al., 2015
Children had significantly more underactivation in right caudate than adults with ADHD.
“children had significantly more underactivation in right caudate than adults with ADHD (Lei et al., 2015).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Lei et al., 2015
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“…was identified in other reviews on inhibitory motor task (Lei et al., 2015) along with the right postcentral gyrus (BA 2) (Dickstein et al., 2006; Lei et al., 2015); - Temporal lobe hypoactivation in the right superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) (Cortese et al., 2012) is consistent with other…”
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“The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been consistently identi fi ed as an abnormal brain region in individuals with ADHD (94, 95).”
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“, 2015) and the bilateral hypoactivity of the DLPFC (Lei et al., 2015) at the resting state (Hoekzema et al.”
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“This sample size placed our study in the 95th percentile of studies reviewed in Lei et al. (2015).”
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“For example, studies have reported physiological differences manifested by ADHD in adult patients (Lei et al. 2015).”
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“, 2016), and the activation of this area is significantly reduced in the process of response inhibition (Lei et al., 2015).”
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“Alternatively, since there is far more evidence for inhibitory brain function underactivation in ADHD individuals with younger age [14, 69, 70], its absence in our young adult ADHD group could reflect neurofunctional maturation of the motor inhibition network.”
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“These fi ndings provide new insights for the future application of NIBS in treating ADHD patients.”
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InfluentialAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Trifocal Transformer: Connection-Mask-Residual Focused Attention Network for Brain Disease Diagnosis
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“The ADHD-related ROIs are mainly located in the precentral gyrus (PreCG), superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral (SFGdor), and superior frontal gyrus, orbital part (ORBsup), where Lei et al. [61] reported decreased activation.”
Similitudes et différences entre le TDAH et le TSA, illustrées par l’étude du défaut d’inhibition
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- Authors
- Lei, D., Du, M., Wu, M., Chen, T., Huang, X., Du, X., Bi, F., Kemp, G. J., & Gong, Q.
- Affiliations
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University (CN)
- East China Normal University (CN)
- West China Medical Center of Sichuan University (CN)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Venue
- Neuropsychology
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 874-881
- ISSN
- 0894-4105 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1559
- OpenAlex
- W1724640658
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation (81220108013 and 81227002)
- Sponsor name not included (IRT1272)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2012M521696 and 2013T60856)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, response inhibition, executive function, supplementary motor area, caudate nucleus, insula, children versus adults, activation likelihood estimation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Caudate Nucleus, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Humans, Human Development, Inhibition, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychomotor Performance
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