Structural and functional neuroimaging in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
Over the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of neuroimaging studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In terms of brain structure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and diffusion tensor imaging studies have evidenced differences in volume, surface-based measures (cortical thickness, surface area, and gyrification), and white matter integrity in different cerebral regions, in children and adults with ADHD compared to population norms. Abnormalities in the basal ganglia, prefrontal structures, and the corpus callosum have been the most consistently reported findings across studies. Hemodynamic (functional MRI, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography) and magnetoencephalography measurements have also shown differences in neural activity during the execution of neuropsychological tasks and during rest, in widespread regions of the brain. Importantly, multimodal studies combining structural and functional methods have shown an intercorrelation between structural and functional abnormalities in ADHD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the effects of age and medication on brain structure and function in individuals with ADHD. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: In attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the brain is characterized by abnormal neural network interplay. Structural and functional cerebral abnormalities in ADHD are intercorrelated. Currently there is no neural biomarker that can be used in diagnosis. Longitudinal studies have shed light on the brain correlates of ADHD over the lifespan. The effects of stimulant intake on the brain correlates of ADHD remain unclear.
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Disruptions in structural connectivity in ADHD correlate with symptom severity and cognitive deficits.
“These disruptions in structural connectivity correlate with symptom severity and cognitive deficits”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
Diffusion tensor imaging has highlighted alterations in white matter integrity in ADHD, with reductions in fractional anisotropy across projection, commissural, and association pathways.
“diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has highlighted alterations in white matter integrity, with reductions in fractional anisotropy observed across projection, commissural, and association pathways”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
Impaired communication between brain regions contributes to attentional and executive dysfunctions in ADHD.
“suggesting that impaired communication between brain regions contributes to attentional and executive dysfunctions [83]”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
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“These disruptions in structural connectivity correlate with symptom severity and cognitive deficits, suggesting that impaired communication between brain regions contributes to attentional and executive dysfunctions [83].”
- Authors
- Albajara Sáenz, A., Villemonteix, T., & Massat, I.
- Affiliations
- UR2NF/Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences Neurosciences Institute Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Massat, Isabelle
- Venue
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 399-405
- ISSN
- 0012-1622 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8749
- OpenAlex
- W2894618707
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, brain structure, brain function, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, cortical folding, white matter integrity, basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, neural markers, stimulant medication effects, artificial neural networks, children and adults
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetoencephalography, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Positron-Emission Tomography, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Functional Neuroimaging
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