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Cited by 269Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Altered Neural Substrates of Cognitive Control in Childhood ADHD: Evidence From Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Vaidya, Chandan J., Bunge, Silvia A., Dudukovic, Nicole M., Zalecki, Christine A., Elliott, Glen R., Gabrieli, John D.E.·2005·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1605PMC PMC4535914
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The study compared the neural bases of two cognitive control operations, interference suppression and response inhibition, between children with and children without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: Ten children (7-11 years of age) with combined-type ADHD and 10 comparison subjects matched for age and gender underwent rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a modified flanker task. Functional maps were generated through group averaging and performance-based correlational analyses. RESULTS: Interference suppression in ADHD subjects was characterized by reduced engagement of a frontal-striatal-temporal-parietal network that subserved healthy performance. In contrast, response inhibition performance relied upon different regions in the two groups, frontal-striatal in comparison subjects but right superior temporal in ADHD children. CONCLUSIONS: Alteration in the neural basis of two cognitive control operations in childhood ADHD was characterized by distinct, rather than unitary, patterns of functional abnormality. Greater between-group overlap in the neural network activated for interference suppression than in response inhibition suggests that components of cognitive control are differentially sensitive to ADHD. The ADHD children's inability to activate the caudate nucleus constitutes a core abnormality in ADHD. Observed functional abnormalities did not result from prolonged stimulant exposure, since most children were medication naive.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Vaidya, C. J., Bunge, S. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Zalecki, C. A., Elliott, G. R., & Gabrieli, J. D. E.
Affiliations
Georgetown University (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
2005-09-01
Volume
162
Issue
9
Pages
1605-1613
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1605
PMC
PMC4535914
OpenAlex
W2132921554
Cited by
269
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 13
FWCI
12.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (MH61426, MH 065395, R01MH061426, R01MH065395)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, childhood ADHD, cognitive control, interference suppression, response inhibition, flanker task, neural correlates, caudate nucleus, superior temporal cortex, combined type ADHD
MeSH terms
Central Nervous System Stimulants, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Methylphenidate, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Recruitment, Neurophysiological, Task Performance and Analysis, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

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