Resilience through the lens of interactionism: a systematic review.
Abstract
This systematic review presents findings from a conceptual and methodological review of resilience measures using an interactionist theoretical framework. The review is also intended to update findings from previous systematic reviews. Two databases (EBSCOHost and Scopus) were searched to retrieve empirical studies published up until 2013, with no lower time limit. All articles had to meet specific inclusion criteria, which resulted in 17 resilience measures selected for full review. Measures were conceptually evaluated against an interactionist framework and methodologically reviewed using Skinner's (1981) validity evidence framework. We conclude that inconsistencies associated with the definition and operationalization of resilience warrant further conceptual development to explain resilience as a dynamic and interactive phenomenon. In particular, measures of resilience may benefit from a greater focus on within-person variance typically associated with behavioral consistency across situations. The use of alternative measurement modalities to self-report scales, such as situational judgment tests, is proposed as a way of advancing knowledge in this area.
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Two theoretical perspectives differentiate resilience as either a relatively stable trait or a dynamic process.
“Two theoretical perspectives differentiate resilience as either a relatively stable trait or a dynamic process (Fletcher and Sarkar, 2013; Pangallo et al., 2015).”
From Media for Coping During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Stress, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-Being (2020) · cites this paper as Pangallo et al., 2015
One key resiliency factor is the presence and cultivation of positive emotions and affect.
“One key resiliency factor is the presence and cultivation of positive emotions and affect (Fletcher and Sarkar, 2013; Pangallo et al., 2015).”
From Media for Coping During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Stress, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-Being (2020) · cites this paper as Pangallo et al., 2015
Adversity can occur in the form of chronic, long-lasting, systemic stressors or acute stressors.
“Adversity can occur both in the form of chronic, long-lasting, and systemic stressors (such as ongoing abuse), or in the form of acute stressors, (including isolated events such as personal loss or changes in life conditions; Pangallo et al., 2015).”
From Media for Coping During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Stress, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-Being (2020) · cites this paper as Pangallo et al., 2015
Optimism and hope have frequently been identified as resiliency factors.
“In this context, two variables have frequently been identified as resiliency factors: optimism and hope (Gillespie et al., 2007; Pangallo et al., 2015).”
From Media for Coping During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Stress, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-Being (2020) · cites this paper as Pangallo et al., 2015
Several individual difference variables facilitate positive adaptation to stressors and adversity, referred to as resiliency factors.
“In addition to general trait resilience, several individual difference variables are known to facilitate positive adaptation to stressors and adversity, and these are often referred to as resiliency factors (Windle, 2011; Pangallo et al., 2015).”
From Media for Coping During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Stress, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-Being (2020) · cites this paper as Pangallo et al., 2015
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Social Support and Resilience among Syrian Refugees: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy
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From Identity to Enaction: Identity Behavior Theory
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Sarno, M. D., di Pierro, R., & Madeddu, F. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00570-w
Maltby, J., Day, L., Hall, S. S., & Chivers, S. (2019) · Assessment (Odessa, Fla.) · doi:10.1177/1073191117738045 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mindful self-care and resilience in first-year undergraduate students
McGuinness, C., & Nordstokke, D. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1978463 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wilson, C. A., Plouffe, R. A., & Saklofske, D. H. (2021) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980821000155 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Less is more. Discovering the latent factors of trait resilience
Maltby, J., & Hall, S. S. (2022) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104193 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
An ecological systems model of trait resilience: Cross-cultural and clinical relevance
Maltby, J., Day, L., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M. A., Piotrowski, J. P., Hitokoto, H., Baran, T., Jones, C. R., Chakravarty-Agbo, A., & Flowe, H. D. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.100 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Disposition activation during organizational change: A meta‐analysis
Gonzalez, K., Portocarrero, F. F., & Ekema-Agbaw, M. L. (2022) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12513 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Pangallo, A., Zibarras, L., Lewis, R., & Flaxman, P.
- Affiliations
- City, University of London (GB)
- Kingston University London (GB)
- Venue
- Psychological Assessment
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-134X
- OpenAlex
- W2161180255
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Repository (Kingston University London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- resilience, resilience indicators, interactionism, within-person variance, behavioral consistency, situational judgment tests, self-report scale, operationalization of resilience
- MeSH terms
- Concept Formation, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Judgment, Resilience, Psychological, Self Report
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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