Computations underlying confidence in visual perception.
Abstract
Humans intuitively evaluate their decisions by forming different levels of confidence. Despite being highly correlated, decisional confidence and sensitivity can be differentiated. The computational processes underlying this remain unknown. Here we find that, for visual judgments concerning global direction, signal range has a greater impact on confidence than it does sensitivity. We equated sensitivity for stimuli containing different degrees of directional variability. This failed, however, to equate confidence-participants were less confident when judging more variable signals despite constant sensitivity. When stimuli were instead calibrated to equate confidence, participants were more sensitive when judging more variable signals. Directional range had no impact on an unrelated judgment of brightness, helping to establish that these results cannot be attributed to a simple decisional confound. Our complementary results show that directional sensitivity and decisional confidence rely on independent transformations of sensory input. We propose that confidence will generally be shaped by the range of differently tuned neural mechanisms responsive to input during evidence accumulation, with this having a lesser impact on sensitivity. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Studies have documented dissociations between confidence and accuracy as a function of attention, variability in perceptual evidence, asymmetries in processing supporting and disconfirming evidence, and response times.
“Within the field of metaperception research, studies have documented dissociations between confidence and accuracy as a function of attention (e.g., Wilimzig et al. 2008), variability in perceptual evidence (e.g., Spence et al. 2016, Zylberberg et al. 2014), asymmetries in the processing of supporting and disconfirming evidence (e.g., Miyoshi & Lau 2020, Zylberberg et al. 2012), and response times”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Spence et al. 2016
Confidence judgments are sensitive to the variability in perceptual evidence, although sometimes to a greater or lesser degree than predicted by an ideal observer model.
“A number of studies have presented evidence that confidence judgments are sensitive to the variability in perceptual evidence, although sometimes to a greater or lesser degree than predicted by an ideal observer model (Boldt et al. 2017, Spence et al. 2016, Zylberberg et al. 2014).”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Spence et al. 2016
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- Authors
- Spence, M. L., Dux, P. E., & Arnold, D. H.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 671-682
- ISSN
- 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1277
- OpenAlex
- W2263600871
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (FT130100605, FT120100033)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- directional sensitivity, signal range, evidence accumulation, perceptual decision making
- MeSH terms
- Metacognition, Adult, Decision Making, Humans, Motion Perception, Pattern Recognition, Visual
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