Overlapping and unique neural circuits are activated during perceptual decision making and confidence
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Abstract
The period of making a perceptual decision is often followed by a period of rating confidence where one evaluates the likely accuracy of the initial decision. However, it remains unclear whether the same or different neural circuits are engaged during periods of perceptual decision making and confidence report. To address this question, we conducted two functional MRI experiments in which we dissociated the periods related to perceptual decision making and confidence report by either separating their respective regressors or asking for confidence ratings only in the second half of the experiment. We found that perceptual decision making and confidence reports gave rise to activations in large and mostly overlapping brain circuits including frontal, parietal, posterior, and cingulate regions with the results being remarkably consistent across the two experiments. Further, the confidence report period activated a number of unique regions, whereas only early sensory areas were activated for the decision period across the two experiments. We discuss the possible reasons for this overlap and explore their implications about theories of perceptual decision making and visual metacognition.
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Metacognitive judgments heighten activity in a network of prefrontal regions, notably dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and lateral frontopolar cortex.
“Such comparisons have highlighted a network of prefrontal regions, notably dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and lateral frontopolar cortex, in which activity is heightened when metacognitive judgments are required (Fleming et al. 2012, Qiu et al. 2018, Yeon et al. 2020).”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Yeon et al. 2020
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Цехмистренко, Т. А., Obukhov, D. K., & Omar, S. (2023) · Morphology · doi:10.17816/morph.562844 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Confidence-accuracy dissociations in perceptual decision making
Rahnev, D. (2026) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2026.108831 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards an integrative neuroscience of metacognition
Fleming, S. M. (2026) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01081-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Early neural activity changes associated with visual conscious perceptionPreprint
Khalaf, A. F., Kronemer, S. I., Christison-Lagay, K. L., Kwon, H., Li, J., Wu, K., & Blumenfeld, H. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471137
Task learning is subserved by a domain-general brain networkPreprint
Yeon, J., Larson, A. S., Rahnev, D., & D’Esposito, M. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.07.519504
Self-citationSubconscious information elicits distinct metacognition following Active Decision-Making
Shan, L., Wang, Y., Wu, R., Huang, Y., & Dai, J. (2026) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110660
Building worlds of your own: the functional role of metacognitive bias in metacognition
Romanazzi, D., Pasini, A., Tarasi, L., & Romei, V. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1792782
Perceptual learning without feedback is accompanied with systematic changes in confidence processing
Hosseinizaveh, N., & Mamassian, P. (2026) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niag035
Supramodal Coding of Detection and Confidence in the Human CortexPreprint
Porte, P., Robin, A., Boscher, F., Dezier, C., Goueytes, D., Mahdian, S., Hoffmann, D., Kahane, P., Minotti, L., Pereira, M., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.16.759637
- Authors
- Yeon, J., Shekhar, M., & Rahnev, D.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yeon, Jiwon
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2020-11-27
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20761-20761
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7699640
- OpenAlex
- W3109138797
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (N00014-20-1-2622)
- National Institutes of Health (R01MH119189)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- perceptual decision making, confidence reports, metacognition, neural circuits, decision confidence, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, sensory processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motion Perception, Visual Perception, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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