Consensus Goals in the Field of Visual Metacognition
Open accessAbstract
Despite the tangible progress in psychological and cognitive sciences over the last several years, these disciplines still trail other more mature sciences in identifying the most important questions that need to be solved. Reaching such consensus could lead to greater synergy across different laboratories, faster progress, and increased focus on solving important problems rather than pursuing isolated, niche efforts. Here, 26 researchers from the field of visual metacognition reached consensus on four long-term and two medium-term common goals. We describe the process that we followed, the goals themselves, and our plans for accomplishing these goals. If this effort proves successful within the next few years, such consensus building around common goals could be adopted more widely in psychological science.
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The development of the Confidence Database and the adoption of consensus goals in the field have accelerated efforts in the metaperception field.
“These endeavors have been accelerated by the development of the Confidence Database and the adoption of consensus goals in the field (Rahnev et al. 2020(Rahnev et al. , 2022)).”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Rahnev et al. 2022
The Conclusion (page unavailable) says common goals can accelerate progress in visual metacognition, but adds that “only time will tell” how this effort will affect the field. It therefore supports the proposed benefit of consensus goals, not the claim that they have already accelerated efforts. The Confidence Database is separately cited to Rahnev et al. (2020) in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“Funding This work was supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-20-1-2622 and National Institute of Mental Health Grant R01-MH119189 (both to D. Rahnev), and National Science Centre, Poland Grant 2017/26/D/HS6/ 00059 (to M. Siedlecka).”
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Self-citationAssociative Recognition Memory Awareness Improved by Theta-Burst Stimulation of Frontopolar Cortex
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Self-citationBlind Insight : Metacognitive Discrimination Despite Chance Task Performance
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Self-Knowledge Dim-Out: Stress Impairs Metacognitive Accuracy
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Self-citationConfidence as a Priority Signal
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Temporal attention causes systematic biases in visual confidence
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Self-citationThe Neural Substrates of Conscious Perception without Performance Confounds
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Uncertainty information that is irrelevant for report impacts confidence judgments.
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Self-citationAn investigation of how relative precision of target encoding influences metacognitive performance
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Self-citationMetric error monitoring: Another generalized mechanism for magnitude representations?
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The Neural Substrates of Conscious Perception without Performance ConfoundsPreprint
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Self-citationConfidence tracks sensory- and decision-related ERP dynamics during auditory detection
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Confidence can be automatically integrated across two visual decisions.
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Self-citationMeditation focused on self-observation of the body impairs metacognitive efficiency
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Self-citationControllability boosts neural and cognitive signatures of changes-of-mind in uncertain environments
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Self-citationHydrocortisone decreases metacognitive efficiency independent of perceived stress
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Self-citationAppreciating diversity of goals in computational neurosciencePreprint
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Self-citationSimilar history biases for distinct prospective decisions of self-performance
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Self-citationDoes social context impact metacognition? Evidence from stereotype threat in a visual search task
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Self-citationStage 2 Registered Report: Metacognitive asymmetries in visual perceptionPreprint
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Self-citationRole of feedback on metacognitive training
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Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis
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“Indeed, understanding the interrelationships between different stages of metacognitive computation is only just beginning to be investigated (Geurts et al., 2022, Shekhar & Rahnev, 2018, Bang & Fleming, 2018), but represents a major goal for the field (Rahnev et al., 2022).”
Self-citationConfidence reflects a noisy decision reliability estimate
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Metacognition and confidence: A review and synthesisPreprint
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Self-citationSuprathreshold perceptual decisions constrain models of confidence
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Self-citationIntrospective inference counteracts perceptual distortion
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Metacognition and Causal Inference in Audiovisual Speech
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Self-citationStudents With High Metacognition Are Favourable Towards Individualism When Anxious
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Self-citationAction planning modulates perceptual confidence through action monitoring processes.
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Suprathreshold perceptual decisions constrain models of confidencePreprint
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Self-citationQuantifying accuracy and bias in motive introspectionPreprint
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Self-citationThe order of task decisions and confidence ratings has little effect on metacognition
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Using artificial neural networks to reveal the human confidence computation
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Self-citationReality monitoring and metacognitive judgments in a false-memory paradigm
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Self-citationProduct, not process: Metacognitive monitoring of visual performance during sustained attention
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Computational characterization of metacognitive ability in subjective decision-makingPreprint
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Perceptual and attentional uncertainty impact global performance monitoring
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Self-citationstatConfR: An R Package for Static Models of Decision Confidence and Metacognition
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Scene variability affects action decisions, confidence and behaviour dynamics
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Self-citationThe confidence-noise confidence-boost (CNCB) model of confidence rating data
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Self-citationCharacterizing the role of awareness in ensemble perceptionPreprint
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Self-citationstatConfR: An R Package for Static Models of Decision Confidence and MetacognitionPreprint
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Self-citationMetamemory: An update of critical findings
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Confidence and metacognitionPreprint
Miyoshi, K., Webb, T. W., Rahnev, D., & Lau, H. C. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/y3drq
Self-citationMetacognition in multialternative choices is based on more information than type-1 decisions.Preprint
Comay, N. A., Solovey, G., & Barttfeld, P. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/byjv6
Exogenous and Endogenous Sources of Uncertainty Inform Global Performance MonitoringPreprint
Chancel, M., Filevich, E., & Faivre, N. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4784806
Self-citationFukuda, K., Kozlova, O., Gillies, G., Liesefeld, H. R., & Yamaguchi, M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jxh9v
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Reappraising Intuitions About ConsciousnessPreprint
Kim, C., & Chong, S. C. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5420626
Low confidence for perceptual completion of partially occluded objects
Baykan, C., Mamassian, P., & Schütz, A. C. (2026) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.26.1.4
Self-citationAccumulated evidence as an additive performance measure based on confidence ratings
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Reappraising intuitions about consciousness
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Self-citationUnified, Comprehensive Metacognition within the Common Model of Cognition
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- Authors
- Rahnev, D., Balsdon, T., Charles, L., de Gardelle, V., Denison, R., Desender, K., Faivre, N., Filevich, E., Fleming, S. M., Jehee, J., Lau, H., Lee, A. L. F., Locke, S. M., Mamassian, P., Odegaard, B., Peters, M., Reyes, G., Rouault, M., Sackur, J., Samaha, J., Sergent, C., Sherman, M. T., Siedlecka, M., Soto, D., Vlassova, A., & Zylberberg, A.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- University College London (GB)
- Paris School of Economics & Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Boston University (US)
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research (BE)
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin (DE)
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Lingnan University (HK)
- University of Florida (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo
- Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR)
- Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL University), Paris, France
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Ikerbasque (ES)
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rahnev, Dobromir
- ORCID
- Rahnev, Dobromir
- Balsdon, Tarryn
- Charles, Lucie
- de Gardelle, Vincent
- Denison, Rachel
- Desender, Kobe
- Faivre, Nathan
- Filevich, Elisa
- Fleming, Stephen M.
- Jehee, Janneke
- Lau, Hakwan
- Lee, Alan L. F.
- Locke, Shannon M.
- Mamassian, Pascal
- Odegaard, Brian
- Peters, Megan
- Rouault, Marion
- Samaha, Jason
- Sergent, Claire
- Sherman, Maxine T.
- Siedlecka, Marta
- Soto, David
- Vlassova, Alexandra
- Zylberberg, Ariel
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-07-15
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1746-1765
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- PMC
- PMC9633335
- OpenAlex
- W4285492509
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 6.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2622)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH119189)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- consensus building, research objectives, visual perception, metacognition, research agenda
- MeSH terms
- Metacognition, Achievement, Goals, Humans, Consensus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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