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Cortical microstimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction
Abstract
Neurons in the visual cortex respond selectively to perceptually salient features of the visual scene, such as the direction and speed of moving objects, the orientation of local contours, or the colour or relative depth of a visual pattern. It is commonly assumed that the brain constructs its percept of the visual scene from information encoded in the selective responses of such neurons. We have now tested this hypothesis directly by measuring the effect on psychophysical performance of modifying the firing rates of physiologically characterized neurons. We required rhesus monkeys to report the direction of motion in a visual display while we electrically stimulated clusters of directionally selective neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT, or V5), an extrastriate area that plays a prominent role in the analysis of visual motion information. Microstimulation biased the animals' judgements towards the direction of motion encoded by the stimulated neurons. This result indicates that physiological properties measured at the neuronal level can be causally related to a specific aspect of perceptual performance.
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“A combination of recording, lesion, and stimulation studies has established that neurons in extrastriate cortex (areas MT and MST) carry critical sensory information about motion direction (Newsome and Pare, 1988;Salzman et al., 1990;1992;Britten et al., 1992;Celebrini and Newsome, 1994;1995).”
From Response of Neurons in the Lateral Intraparietal Area during a Combined Visual Discrimination Reaction Time Task (2002) · cites this paper as Salzman et al., 1990
In the citing paper
“Neurons in extrastriate visual cortex (areas MT and MST) furnish the”
From Response of Neurons in the Lateral Intraparietal Area during a Combined Visual Discrimination Reaction Time Task (2002) · cites this paper as Salzman et al., 1990
In the citing paper
“Thus, MT provides at least some of the motion information used to form the direction decision.”
From Neural correlates of perceptual learning in a sensory-motor, but not a sensory, cortical area (2008) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“the established role of MT in task performance16–19”
From Neural correlates of perceptual learning in a sensory-motor, but not a sensory, cortical area (2008) · cites this paper as [19]
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“ulation at the center of a direction selective MT column can substitute for a visual motion signal and strongly bias perceptual reports in favor of the direction preferred by the stimulated neurons (Salzman et al., 1990; Salzman et al., 1992).”
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Alford, J. L., van Donkelaar, P., Dassonville, P., & Marrocco, R. T. (2007) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.7.3.225 · Cited by 15
“The sensitivity of these neurons to moving stimuli correlates with perceptual judgments about those stimuli (Newsome, Britten, & Movshon, 1989), and electrical stimulation of MT/MST further influences one’s perceptual judgments about perceived motion ( Salzman, Britten, & Newsome, 1990; Salzman & Newsome, 1994).”
BackgroundEarly concepts on efference copy and reafference
Grüsser, O. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00034415 · Cited by 15
Properties of smooth pursuit and visual motion reaction time to second-order motion stimuli
Miyamoto, T., Miura, K., Kizuka, T., & Ono, S. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243430 · Cited by 15
“The relevance between smooth pursuit and motion perception is plausible because the MT and MST play a pivotal role in motion perception as well as smooth pursuit [17, 18].”
BackgroundHayashi, R., Sugita, Y., Nishida, S., & Kawano, K. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00064.2009 · Cited by 15
On the Role of Neural Synchrony in the Primate Visual Cortex
Kreiter, A. K., & Singer, W. (1996) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044482046-4/50053-5 · Cited by 15
Neurophysiology: Electrically evoking sensory experience
Wickersham, I. R., & Groh, J. M. (1998) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70265-9 · Cited by 15
Gauld, O. M., Packer, A. M., Russell, L. E., Dalgleish, H. W. P., Iuga, M., Sacadura, F., Roth, A., Clark, B. A., & Häusser, M. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.015 · Cited by 18
Temporal and spatial limits of pattern motion sensitivity in macaque MT neurons
Kumbhani, R. D., El-Shamayleh, Y., & Movshon, J. A. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00597.2014 · Cited by 14
“Neurons in extrastriate area MT signal the direction of moving visual patterns, and their responses have been directly linked to the perception of visual motion (Britten et al. 1992; Movshon et al. 1985; Newsome and Pare 1988; Salzman et al. 1990).”
BackgroundMargalit, S. N., & Slovin, H. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32148-0 · Cited by 14
Verhoef, B.-E., Vogels, R., & Janssen, P. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136543 · Cited by 15
“We used logistic regression to model the behavioral data as a function of stereo-coherence or TOA and the application of microstimulation during a trial [17,18] using the following function (glmfit; Matlab R2009a):P 1⁄4 1 1þexp1⁄2 b0þðb1 IÞþðb2 xÞÞ , where P denotes the probability of a preferred choice, x represents…”
BackgroundMethodBehavioral Time Course of Microstimulation in Cortical Area MT
Masse, N. Y., & Cook, E. P. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.91022.2008 · Cited by 15
“…behavior in that we used a detection paradigm as opposed to a two-alternative forced choice or discrimination paradigm (Bisley et al. 2001; Celebrini and Newsome 1995; de Lafuente and Romo 2005; Ditterich et al. 2003; Hanks et al. 2006; Liu and Newsome 2005; Romo et al. 1998; Salzman et al. 1990).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialManipulating neural activity in physiologically classified neurons: triumphs and challenges
Gore, F., Schwartz, E. C., & Salzman, C. D. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0216 · Cited by 15
Self-citationThe Neurobiology of Preferences
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Tactile Feedback from the Hand
Bensmaı̈a, S. J., & Tillery, S. I. H. (2014) · Springer tracts in advanced robotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03017-3_7 · Cited by 14
Oral wound healing concepts in periodontology.
Takata, T. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Models of conscious timing and the experimental evidence
Libet, B. (1992) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00068357 · Cited by 16
Value-based decisions involve sequential sampling from memoryPreprint
Bakkour, A., Zylberberg, A., Shadlen, M. N., & Shohamy, D. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/269290 · Cited by 16
Chernov, M. M., Chen, G., Torre-Healy, L. A., Friedman, R. M., & Roe, A. W. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.01.018 · Cited by 13
In Utero Electroporation for Manipulation of Specific Neuronal Populations
Yamashiro, K., Ikegaya, Y., & Matsumoto, N. (2022) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes12050513 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Salzman, C. D., Britten, K. H., & Newsome, W. T.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1990-07-12
- Volume
- 346
- Issue
- 6280
- Pages
- 174-177
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2037781104
- Cited by
- 881
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 19.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (1990-08-09)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- motion direction perception, directionally selective neurons, middle temporal area, V5, visual motion processing, neuronal firing rate, perceptual judgment, rhesus monkeys, visual cortex
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electric Stimulation, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Motion Perception, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception
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