Cited by 881Visual perception and processing mechanismsMultisensory perception and integrationMotor Control and Adaptation

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Cortical microstimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction

Salzman, C. Daniel, Britten, Kenneth H., Newsome, William T.·1990·Nature

DOI 10.1038/346174a0

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Abstract

Neurons in the visual cortex respond selectively to perceptually salient features of the visual scene, such as the direction and speed of moving objects, the orientation of local contours, or the colour or relative depth of a visual pattern. It is commonly assumed that the brain constructs its percept of the visual scene from information encoded in the selective responses of such neurons. We have now tested this hypothesis directly by measuring the effect on psychophysical performance of modifying the firing rates of physiologically characterized neurons. We required rhesus monkeys to report the direction of motion in a visual display while we electrically stimulated clusters of directionally selective neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT, or V5), an extrastriate area that plays a prominent role in the analysis of visual motion information. Microstimulation biased the animals' judgements towards the direction of motion encoded by the stimulated neurons. This result indicates that physiological properties measured at the neuronal level can be causally related to a specific aspect of perceptual performance.

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A neural correlate of perceptual segmentation in macaque middle temporal cortical area
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“In a seminal study, Salzman and colleagues (Salzman et al., 1990) solidified the role of medio-temporal (MT) cortex in driving perception of visual motion by showing that intracortical micro-stimulation (ICMS) in MT systematically biases visual motion judgements.”
Feature selectivity of corticocortical feedback along the primate dorsal visual pathway
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“Interestingly, studies using electrical microstimulation to determine the influence of neuronal activity on perception often stimulate neurons in the same clusters as those in which significant CPs have been observed (Salzman et al., 1990; DeAngelis et al., 1998).”
Background
Changes in visual speed perception induced by anticipatory smooth eye movements
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“…orientation selectivity and color selectivity is well established in V1 and its position early in the visual processing hierarchy might allow higher level areas in to process more complex visual features, such as motion (Salzman et al 1990) or faces (Mundel et al 2003) in a relatively natural way.”
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Synchronization Across Sensory Cortical Areas by Electrical Microstimulation is Sufficient for Behavioral Discrimination
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“As a first step, Salzman et al. (1990) identified cells in monkey area MT or V5 in the middle temporal lobe (see Fig.”
Background
Cortical Processing of Visual Motion
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Self-citation
Electrophysiology
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“V5/MT+ activity has been shown to positively correlate with motion coherence level in the standard RDM task (Gold and Shadlen, 2007) and to predict behavioral performance (Newsome et al., 1989; Salzman et al., 1990).”
Background
The world as an outside iconic memory – no strong internal metric means no problem of visual stability
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“…for two main purposes: (1) to disrupt cortical processing (Tehovnik and Slocum, 2003; Wegener et al., 2008), and (2) evoke neural responses that mimic functions of the stimulated area (Salzman et al., 1990; Romo et al., 1998; Graziano et al., 2002; Tehovnik et al., 2006; Tehovnik and Slocum, 2007).”
Background
Residual dynamics resolves recurrent contributions to neural computationPreprint
Galgali, A. R., Sahani, M., & Mante, V. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.07.19.452951 · Cited by 6
Towards precise synthetic neural codes: high-dimensional stimulation with flexible electrodes
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Enactivism's Vision: Neurocognitive Basis or Neurocognitively Baseless?
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A mechanism for decision rule discrimination by supplementary eye field neurons
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“In these tasks, the animals must discriminate the net direction of moving dots, and signal their perceptual decision, for example, by making a saccade to one of two targets (e.g., Newsome and Paré 1988; Salzman et al. 1990; Feng et al. 2009).”
Background

Authors: Salzman, C. D., Britten, K. H., & Newsome, W. T.
Affiliations: Stanford Medicine (US)
ORCID: Salzman, C. Daniel
Britten, Kenneth H.
Newsome, William T.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1990-07-12
Volume: 346
Issue: 6280
Pages: 174-177
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/346174a0
OpenAlex: W2037781104
Cited by: 881
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 19.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (1990-08-09)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Keywords: motion direction perception, directionally selective neurons, middle temporal area, V5, visual motion processing, neuronal firing rate, perceptual judgment, rhesus monkeys, visual cortex
MeSH terms: Animals, Electric Stimulation, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Motion Perception, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception

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Cortical microstimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction

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