The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A CONSERVED SIGNALING PATHWAY: The Drosophila Toll-Dorsal Pathway
Belvin, M. P., & Anderson, K. V. (1996) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.393 · Cited by 836 · cited 1×
“Both Drosophila Toll and the IL-1 receptor are known to signal through the NF-κB pathwa”
BackgroundSchneider, D. S., Hudson, K. L., Lin, T. Y., & Anderson, K. V. (1991) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.5.5.797 · Cited by 325
Cited by
Items 101–136 of 136
Zhang, L., Li, Y., Wu, X., Hong, Z., & Wei, W. (2015) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13021 · Cited by 113
Glycosylation and Fc Receptors
Hayes, J. M., Cosgrave, E. F. J., Struwe, W. B., Wormald, M., Davey, G. P., Jefferis, R., & Rudd, P. M. (2014) · Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_8 · Cited by 110
Qin, J., Jiang, Z., Qian, Y., Casanova, J.-L., & Li, X. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m400785200 · Cited by 110
Vegeto, E., Ghisletti, S., Meda, C., Etteri, S., Belcredito, S., & Maggi, A. (2004) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.02.004 · Cited by 103
McCartney-Francis, N., Jin, W., & Wahl, S. M. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3814 · Cited by 101
Liu, J., Chang, G., Huang, J., Wang, Y., Ma, N., Roy, A.-C., & Shen, X. (2019) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06359 · Cited by 100
Müller Glia in Retinal Innate Immunity: A Perspective on Their Roles in Endophthalmitis
Kumar, A., Pandey, R. K., Miller, L. J., Singh, P. K., & Kanwar, M. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Immunology · doi:10.1615/critrevimmunol.2013006618 · Cited by 99
Nanoparticle impact on innate immune cell pattern-recognition receptors and inflammasomes activation
Silva, A. L., Peres, C., Conniot, J., Matos, A. I., Moura, L., Carreira, B., Sainz, V., Scomparin, A., Satchi-Fainaro, R., Préat, V., et al. (2017) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.003 · Cited by 95
TLR8: An Innate Immune Receptor in Brain, Neurons and Axons
Ma, Y., Haynes, R. L., Sidman, R. L., & Vartanian, T. (2007) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.6.23.5018 · Cited by 93
Mayerhofer, R., Fröhlich, E. E., Reichmann, F., Farzi, A., Kogelnik, N., Fröhlich, E., Sattler, W., & Holzer, P. (2017) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.011 · Cited by 89
Pulecio, J., Petrovic, J., Prete, F., Chiaruttini, G., Lennon-Dumenil, A.-M., Desdouets, C., Gasman, S., Burrone, O. R., & Benvenuti, F. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20100007 · Cited by 91
Siglec-G/10 in self-nonself discrimination of innate and adaptive immunity
Chen, G.-Y., Brown, N. K., Zheng, P., & Liu, Y. (2014) · Glycobiology · doi:10.1093/glycob/cwu068 · Cited by 90
Highly diversified innate receptor systems and new forms of animal immunity
Messier-Solek, C., Buckley, K. M., & Rast, J. P. (2010) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.11.007 · Cited by 87
Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration
Edwards, A. O., Chen, D., Fridley, B. L., James, K. M., Wu, Y., Abecasis, G., Swaroop, A., Othman, M., Branham, K., Iyengar, S. K., et al. (2008) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1378 · Cited by 84
Rhee, S. H., Keates, A. C., Moyer, M. P., & Pothoulakis, C. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m400967200 · Cited by 81
Impact of neuroimmune activation induced by alcohol or drug abuse on adolescent brain development
Guerri, C., & Pascual, M. (2019) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.11.006 · Cited by 78
Characterization of the Nuclear Factor-κB Responsiveness of the Human dio2 Gene
Zeöld, A., Doleschall, M., Haffner, M. C., Capelo, L. P., Menyhért, J., Liposits, Z., da Silva, W. S., Bianco, A. C., Kacskovics, I., Fekete, C., et al. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1608 · Cited by 72
Finding a Toll on the Route: The Fate of Osteoclast Progenitors After Toll-Like Receptor Activation
Souza, P. P. C., & Lerner, U. H. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01663 · Cited by 67
“Since the cloning of TLR4, it has been shown that TLR4 signals through NF-κB pathway to induce cytokine production (19).”
BackgroundThe innate immune system in Alzheimer's disease
Boutajangout, A., & Wisniewski, T. (2013) · International Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1155/2013/576383 · Cited by 69
The role of toll-like receptors in macrophages
McCoy, C. (2008) · Frontiers in Bioscience · doi:10.2741/2660 · Cited by 69
Toll-like receptor agonists: a patent review (2011 - 2013)
Hussein, W. M., Liu, T.-Y., Skwarczynski, M., & Toth, I. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents · doi:10.1517/13543776.2014.880691 · Cited by 68
Genetic susceptibility and resistance to influenza infection and disease in humans and mice
Trammell, R. A., & Toth, L. A. (2008) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/14737159.8.4.515 · Cited by 67
Coats, S. R., Do, C. T., Karimi-Naser, L. M., Braham, P. H., & Darveau, R. P. (2007) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00859.x · Cited by 65
(2023) · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.006 · Cited by 66
Sumbayev, V. V. (2008) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.12.024 · Cited by 62
Primiani, C. T., Ryan, V. H., Rao, J. S., Cam, M. C., Ahn, K., Modi, H. R., & Rapoport, S. I. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110972 · Cited by 56
Responses of innate immune cells to group A Streptococcus.
Fieber, C., & Kovarik, P. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00140 · Cited by 56
Satoh, M., Nakamura, M., Akatsu, T., Shimoda, Y., Segawa, I., & Hiramori, K. (2004) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/labinvest.3700031 · Cited by 53
Preterm neonates display altered plasmacytoid dendritic cell function and morphology
Schüller, S. S., Sadeghi, K., Wisgrill, L., Dangl, A., Diesner, S. C., Prusa, A. R., Klebermasz-Schrehof, K., Greber-Platzer, S., Neumüller, J., Helmer, H., et al. (2013) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1011525 · Cited by 50
A nonredundant role for T cell-derived interleukin 22 in antibacterial defense of colonic crypts
Zindl, C. L., Witte, S. J., Laufer, V. A., Gao, M., Yue, Z., Janowski, K. M., Cai, B., Frey, B. F., Silberger, D. J., Harbour, S. N., et al. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.003 · Cited by 49
TLR9 Ligand CpG-ODN Applied to the Injured Mouse Cornea Elicits Retinal Inflammation
Chinnery, H. R., McLenachan, S., Binz, N., Sun, Y., Forrester, J. V., Degli-Esposti, M. A., Pearlman, E., & McMenamin, P. G. (2012) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.041 · Cited by 46
Bi, W., Bao, K., Zhou, X., Deng, Y., Li, X., Zhang, J., Lan, X., Zhao, J., Lu, D., Xu, Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02904-9 · Cited by 36
Liu, J., Sui, H., Zhao, J., & Wang, Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00611 · Cited by 38
Morales, C., Wu, S., Yang, Y., Hao, B., & Li, Z. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0900811 · Cited by 32
HIV-1 Vpr combats the PU.1-driven antiviral response in primary human macrophages
Virgilio, M. C., Ramnani, B., Chen, T., Disbennett, W. M., Lubow, J., Welch, J. D., & Collins, K. L. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49635-w · Cited by 14
“recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize PAMPs ( 45 – 47 ), including HIV.”
Engineering intramolecular adjuvants for next-generation vaccines
Wang, Y., Liao, W., Zhang, Z., Wang, T., Zhang, J., Zai, X., & Xu, J. (2026) · The Innovation Medicine · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-med.2026.100258
Metadata
- Authors
- Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., & Janeway, C. A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1997-07-24
- Volume
- 388
- Issue
- 6640
- Pages
- 394-397
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1483162601
- Cited by
- 5,590
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 41.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.