Distinct requirements of Autophagy-related genes in programmed cell death
Open accessAbstract
Although most programmed cell death (PCD) during animal development occurs by caspase-dependent apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death is also important in specific contexts. In previous studies, we established that PCD of the obsolete Drosophila larval midgut tissue is dependent on autophagy and can occur in the absence of the main components of the apoptotic pathway. As autophagy is primarily a survival mechanism in response to stress such as starvation, it is currently unclear if the regulation and mechanism of autophagy as a pro-death pathway is distinct to that as pro-survival. To establish the requirement of the components of the autophagy pathway during cell death, we examined the effect of systematically knocking down components of the autophagy machinery on autophagy induction and timing of midgut PCD. We found that there is a distinct requirement of the individual components of the autophagy pathway in a pro-death context. Furthermore, we show that TORC1 is upstream of autophagy induction in the midgut indicating that while the machinery may be distinct the activation may occur similarly in PCD and during starvation-induced autophagy signalling. Our data reveal that while autophagy initiation occurs similarly in different cellular contexts, there is a tissue/function-specific requirement for the components of the autophagic machinery.
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In D. melanogaster, autophagy-dependent midgut degradation proceeds independently of Atg7, Atg3, and several other Atg genes required for starvation-induced autophagy in fat body, but relies on Uba1.
“For example, the autophagy-dependent degradation of the midgut tissue proceeds independently of Atg7, Atg3, and several other Atg genes that are required for starvation-induced autophagy in the fat body, but relies on ubiquitin activating enzyme 1 (Uba1) [837, 838].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [837]
In D. melanogaster, molecular machinery of autophagy-dependent cell death and adaptive autophagy exhibit differences.
“Of note, the molecular machinery of autophagy-dependent cell death and adaptative autophagy exhibit some differences (at least in D. melanogaster) [837, 838].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [837]
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Characterization of Autophagic Responses in Drosophila melanogaster
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Self-citationOjha, S., & Tapadia, M. G. (2020) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.190190mt · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Understanding Developmental Cell Death Using Drosophila as a Model System
Umargamwala, R., Manning, J. A., Dorstyn, L., Denton, D., & Kumar, S. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13040347 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationAtg2 Regulates Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Drosophila
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The two autophagy-related proteins 8a and 8b play distinct physiological roles in Drosophila
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Hedgehog and Wingless signaling are not essential for autophagy-dependent cell death
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Self-citationDrosophila as a model to understand autophagy deregulation in human disorders
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OSP-1 protects neurons from autophagic cell death induced by acute oxidative stress
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Cloning and functional analysis of autophagy‐related gene 7 in Bombyx mori, silkworm
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- Authors
- Xu, T., Nicolson, S., Denton, D., & Kumar, S.
- Affiliations
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Denton, D
- Kumar, S
- Venue
- Cell Death & Differentiation
- Published
- 2015-04-17
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1792-1802
- ISSN
- 1350-9047 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5403
- PMC
- PMC4648326
- OpenAlex
- W2054815464
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cell Death and Differentiation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of South Australia
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1041807, 1002863)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- autophagic cell death, programmed cell death, autophagy-related genes, TORC1, starvation-induced autophagy, autophagy initiation, gene knockdown
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autophagy, Drosophila, Apoptosis, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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