Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effect of psychological interventions in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is controversial. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of psychological interventions (psychotherapy, patient education, relaxation techniques) on health related quality of life, coping, emotional state and disease activity in IBD. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the specialized register of the IBD/FBD Group, CENTRAL (Issue 5, 2010) and from inception to April 2010: Medline, Embase, LILACS, Psyndex, CINAHL, PsyInfo, CCMed, SOMED and Social SciSearch. Conference abstracts and reference lists were also checked. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized, quasi-randomized and non randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions in children or adults with IBD with a minimum follow up time of 2 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted and study quality was independently assessed by two raters. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were eligible for inclusion (1745 participants, 8 RCT, 4 QRCT, 8 NRCT; 19 in adults, 2 in adolescents). Most studies used multimodular approaches. The risk of bias was high for all studies.In adults, psychotherapy had no effect on quality of life at around 12 months (3 studies, 235 patients, SMD -0.07; 95% CI -0.33 to 0.19), emotional status (depression, 4 studies, 266 patients, SMD 0.03; 95% CI -0.22 to 0.27) or proportion of patients not in remission (5 studies, 287 patients, OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.48). Results were similar at 3 to 8 months. There was no evidence for statistical heterogeneity or subgroup effects based on type of disease or intensity of the therapy. In adolescents, there were positive short term effects of psychotherapy on most outcomes assessed including quality of life (2 studies, 71 patients, SMD 0.70; 95% CI 0.21 to 1.18) and depression (1 study, 41 patients, SMD -0.62; 95% CI -1.25 to 0.01).Educational interventions were ineffective with respect to quality of life at 12 months (5 studies, 947 patients, SMD 0.11; 95% CI -0.02 to 0.24), depression (3 studies, 378 patients, SMD -0.08; 95% CI -0.29 to 0.12) and proportion of patients not in remission (3 studies, 434 patients, OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.53). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence for efficacy of psychological therapy in adult patients with IBD in general. In adolescents, psychological interventions may be beneficial, but the evidence is limited. Further evidence is needed to assess the efficacy of these therapies in subgroups identified as being in need of psychological interventions, and to identify what type of therapy maybe most useful.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many studies of psychological interventions in IBD have poor methodological rigor and reporting.
“Many studies are observed to be non-randomized, devoid of inclusion and exclusion criteria, neglect to report salient participant data (e.g., IBD type), and neglect to report sufficient intervention program detail [18,19,20,21].”
Earlier reviews observed minimal-to-no effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for depression, quality of life, coping, and anxiety in IBD.
“However, the findings of Gracie et al. and Knowles et al. contrast somewhat with those of earlier reviews, which observed minimal-to-no effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in intervening with depression, quality of life (QoL), coping, and anxiety [20,21].”
Previously no efficacy was reported in a review of psychological interventions for adults with IBD.
“whereas previously no efficacy was reported in a review of psychological interventions for adults with IBD 38 .”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
Cites
1 retracted
Wu, D., Yang, C., Lau, Y., & Chen, J. (1998) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.53.2.346 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
RetractedAn inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048 · see citing works
(1970) · Cited by 24,983 · see citing works
Pharmacological interventions for somatoform disorders in adults
Kleinstäuber, M., Witthöft, M., Steffanowski, A., van Marwijk, H., Hiller, W., & Lambert, M. J. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010628.pub2 · Cited by 11,361 · see citing works
Norman, G. R., Sloan, J. A., & Wyrwich, K. W. (2003) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000062554.74615.4c · Cited by 4,700 · see citing works
A Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)
Shaffer, D. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010 · Cited by 3,716 · see citing works
The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale
Antonovsky, A. (1993) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(93)90033-z · Cited by 3,515 · see citing works
Ford Alexander, C., Paul, M., Hanauer Steven, B., 谭蓓, & Dong, W. Z. (2001) · Cited by 3,021 · see citing works
Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M. R., Bayliss, M. S., McHorney, C. A., Rogers, W. H., & Raczek, A. E. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 1,734 · see citing works
Methods to Explain the Clinical Significance of Health Status Measures
Guyatt, G. H., Osoba, D., Wu, A. W., Wyrwich, K. W., & Norman, G. R. (2002) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/77.4.371 · Cited by 1,507 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index: Development, validation and application of a new instrument
Eypasch, E. P., Williams, J. I., Wood-Dauphinée, S., Ure, B. M., Schmulling, C., Neugebauer, E. A. M., & Troidl, H. (1995) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800820229 · Cited by 1,299 · see citing works
A New Measure of Health Status for Clinical Trials in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Guyatt, G., Mitchell, A., Irvine, E. J., Singer, J., Williams, N., Goodacre, R. L., & Tompkins, C. (1989) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(89)80080-0 · Cited by 1,289 · see citing works
D’Haens, G., Sandborn, W. J., Feagan, B. G., Geboes, K., Hanauer, S. B., Irvine, E. J., Lémann, M., Marteau, P. R., Rutgeerts, P. J., Schölmerich, J., et al. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.12.038 · Cited by 1,205 · see citing works
Development of the perceived stress questionnaire: A new tool for psychosomatic research
Levenstein, S., Prantera, C., Varvo, V., Scribano, M. L., Berto, E., Luzi, C., & Andreoli, A. (1993) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90120-5 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
The hospital anxiety and depression scale
Snaith, R. P., & Zigmond, A. S. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.292.6516.344 · Cited by 879 · see citing works
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2002) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1258/1355819021927674 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Irvine, E. J., Feagan, B. G., Rochon, J., Archambault, A., Fedorak, R. N., Groll, A., Kinnear, D. G., Saibil, F. G., & McDonald, J. W. (1994) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90585-1 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Sandborn, W. J., Feagan, B. G., Hanauer, S. B., Lochs, H. H., Löfberg, R., Modigliani, R., Present, D. H., Rutgeerts, P. J., Schölmerich, J., Stange, E. F., et al. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.31072 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Psychological stress in IBD: new insights into pathogenic and therapeutic implications
Mawdsley, J. E., & Rampton, D. S. (2005) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2005.064261 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of comorbidity and management
Graff, L. A., Walker, J. R., & Bernstein, C. N. (2009) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20873 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Mittermaier, C., Dejaco, C., Waldhoer, T., Oefferlbauer-Ernst, A., Miehsler, W., Beier, M., Tillinger, W., Gangl, A., & Moser, G. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000106907.24881.f2 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Bernstein, C. N., Fried, M., Krabshuis, J., Cohen, H., Eliakim, R., Fedail, S. S., Gearry, R. B., Goh, K., Hamid, S., Khan, A. G., et al. (2009) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.21048 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Howie, J. G., Heaney, D., Maxwell, M., & Walker, J. J. (1998) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/15.2.165 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Stress and Exacerbation in Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Study of Patients Enrolled in Remission
Levenstein, S., Prantera, C., Varvo, V., Scribano, M. L., Andreoli, A., Luzi, C., Arcà, M., Berto, E., Milite, G., & Marcheggiano, A. (2000) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02012.x · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Caprilli, R., Gassull, M. A., Escher, J. C., Moser, G., Munkholm, P., Forbes, A., Hommes, D. W., Lochs, H., Angelucci, E., Cocco, A., et al. (2006) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2005.081950c · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease
Drossman, D. A., Patrick, D. L., Mitchell, C. M., Zagami, E. A., & Appelbaum, M. I. (1989) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01538073 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Farrokhyar, F., Marshall, J. K., Easterbrook, B., & Irvine, J. E. (2006) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.mib.0000195391.49762.89 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotion control
Roger, D., & Najarian, B. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90020-2 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Somatic Disorders
Abbass, A., Kisely, S., & Kroenke, K. (2009) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000228247 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Guided self-management and patient-directed follow-up of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial
Robinson, A., Thompson, D. G., Wilkin, D., & Roberts, C. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06105-0 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Mardini, H. E., Kip, K. E., & Wilson, J. W. (2004) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/b:ddas.0000020509.23162.cc · Cited by 211 · see citing works
SZIGETHY, E., KENNEY, E., CARPENTER, J., HARDY, D. M., FAIRCLOUGH, D., BOUSVAROS, A., KELJO, D., WEISZ, J., BEARDSLEE, W. R., NOLL, R., et al. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3180f6341f · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Elsenbruch, S., Langhorst, J., Popkirowa, K., Müller, T., Luedtke, R., Franken, U., Paul, A., Spahn, G., Michalsen, A., Janssen, O., et al. (2005) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000086318 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Psychological treatments for the management of irritable bowel syndrome
Zijdenbos, I. L., de Wit, N. J., van der Heijden, G. J., Rubin, G., & Quartero, A. O. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006442.pub2 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Mikocka-Walus, A. A., Turnbull, D. A., Moulding, N. T., Wilson, I. G., Andrews, J. M., & Holtmann, G. J. (2007) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20062 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Eaden, J., Abrams, K. R., & Mayberry, J. F. (1999) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01536.x · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Rogers, A., Kennedy, A., Nelson, E., & Robinson, A. (2005) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732304272048 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Porcell, P., Leoci, C., & Guerra, V. (1996) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365529609010354 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Waters, B. M., Jensen, L. A., & Fedorak, R. N. (2005) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/2005/250504 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Psychological treatment may reduce the need for healthcare in patients with Crohnʼs disease
Deter, H., Keller, W., von Wietersheim, J., Jantschek, G., Duchmann, R., & Zeitz, M. (2007) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20068 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Health-related quality of life in children with celiac disease
Kolsteren, M., Koopman, H. M., Schalekamp, G., & Mearin, M. L. (2001) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.111504 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Evaluation of a psychological treatment for inflammatory bowel disease
Schwarz, S. P., & Blanchard, E. B. (1991) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90045-5 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Antidepressants and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.
Mikocka‐Walus, A. A., Turnbull, D. A., Moulding, N., Wilson, I. G., Andrews, J. M., & Holtmann, G. (2006) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1745-0179-2-24 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A stress management programme for inflammatory bowel disease patients
Milne, B. J., Joachim, G., & Niedhardt, J. (1986) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01288.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
A stress management programme for Crohn’s disease
García-Vega, E., & Fernández, C. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00146-3 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Larsson, K., Sundberg Hjelm, M., Karlbom, U., Nordin, K., Anderberg, U. M., & Lööf, L. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520310003309 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Psychotherapy with chronic inflammatory bowel disease patients: A Review
von Wietersheim, J., & Kessler, H. (2006) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.mib.0000236925.87502.e0 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Borgaonkar, M. R., Townson, G., Donnelly, M., & Irvine, E. J. (2002) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/00054725-200207000-00005 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The effect of hypnosis on systemic and rectal mucosal measures of inflammation in ulcerative colitis
Mawdsley, J. E., Jenkins, D. G., Macey, M. G., Langmead, L., & Rampton, D. S. (2008) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01845.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Shepanski, M. A., Hurd, L. B., Culton, K., Markowitz, J. E., Mamula, P., & Baldassano, R. N. (2005) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/00054725-200502000-00010 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Kennedy, A. P., Nelson, E. C., Reeves, D., Richardson, G. A., Roberts, C., Robinson, A., Rogers, A. E., Sculpher, M. J., & Thompson, D. (2003) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta7280 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
M., M., U., B., N., N., R., O., & V., S. M. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520310003110 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Langhorst, J., Mueller, T., Luedtke, R., Franken, U., Paul, A., Michalsen, A., Schedlowski, M., Dobos, G. J., & Elsenbruch, S. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520601101682 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Grootenhuis, M., & Last, B. (2001) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.529 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Jantschek, G. (1998) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365529850172386 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Smith, G. D., Watson, R. A., Roger, D., McRorie, E., Hurst, N. P., Luman, W., & Palmer, K. R. (2002) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02159.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Psychotherapy in Psychosomatic Disorders
Kellner, R. (1975) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760260085007 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Relaxation training as a treatment for chronic pain caused by ulcerative colitis
Shaw, L., & Ehrlich, A. (1987) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)90043-1 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Which patients with IBD need psychological interventions? A controlled study
Miehsler, W., Weichselberger, M., Öfferlbauer-Ernst, A., Dejaco, C., Reinisch, W., Vogelsang, H., Machold, K., Stamm, T., Gangl, A., & Moser, G. (2008) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20462 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationA critical review of self-management and educational interventions in inflammatory bowel disease
Barlow, C., Cooke, D., Mulligan, K., Beck, E., & Newman, S. (2010) · Gastroenterology Nursing · doi:10.1097/sga.0b013e3181ca03cc · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Williams, J. G. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7234.544 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Group‐based intervention program in inflammatory bowel disease patients: Effects on quality of life
Oxelmark, L., Magnusson, A., Löfberg, R., & Hillerås, P. K. (2007) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20061 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Kennedy, A. P., & Rogers, A. E. (2002) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(01)00228-2 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Training professionals to engage with and promote self-management
Kennedy, A. P., Gask, L. L., & Rogers, A. E. (2005) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyh018 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Does psychological counseling alter the natural history of inflammatory bowel disease?
Wahed, M., Corser, M., Goodhand, J., & Rampton, D. (2010) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.21098 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Effect of psychotherapy and relaxation on the psychosocial and somatic course of Crohn's disease
Keller, W., Pritsch, M., von Wietersheim, J., Scheib, P., Osborn, W., Balck, F. B., Dilg, R., Schmelz-Schumacher, E., Doppl, W., Jantschek, G., et al. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00122-3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Supportive-Expressive Group Psychotherapy for Persons with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Maunder, R., & Esplen, M. J. (2001) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370104600706 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Does Better Disease-Related Education Improve Quality of Life?
Verma, S., Tsai, H. H., & Giaffer, M. H. (2001) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1010725106411 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease:A Role for Hypnotherapy?
Miller, V., & Whorwell, P. J. (2008) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207140802041884 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Management of stress in inflammatory bowel disease: a therapeutic option?
Goodhand, J., Wahed, M., & Rampton, D. S. (2009) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1586/egh.09.55 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Kennedy, A. P., Robinson, A., Hann, M., Thompson, D. G., & Wilkin, D. (2003) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2524.2003.00399.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. II
Grace, W. J., Pinsky, R. H., & Wolff, H. G. (1954) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(54)80026-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Quality-of-Life Measurement in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Social Support
de Oliveira, S. M. A., Zaltman, C., Elia, C., Vargens, R. W., Leal, A. R. S., Barros, R., & Fogaça, H. S. (2006) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20071 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Evaluation of Educational Programs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Quan, H., Present, J. W., & Sutherland, L. R. (2003) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/00054725-200311000-00003 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Evaluation of a psychoeducational intervention for adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Grootenhuis, M. A., Maurice-Stam, H., Derkx, B. H., & Last, B. F. (2009) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e328315a215 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Psychotherapeutic Interventions in Alexithymic Patients
Freyberger, H., Künsebeck, H.-W., Lempa, W., Wellmann, W., & Avenarius, H. J. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000287896 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Boye, B., Jahnsen, J., Møkleby, K., Leganger, S., Jantschek, G., Jantschek, I., Kunzendorf, S., Benninghoven, D., Wilhelmsen, I., Sharpe, M., et al. (2008) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20367 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Response to Psychotherapy in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Karush, A., Daniels, G. E., OʼCONNOR, J. F., & STERN, L. O. (1968) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-196805000-00001 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Bregenzer, N., Lange, A., Fürst, A., Groß, V., Schölmerich, J., & Andus, T. (2005) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/s-2004-813867 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Assessing the Demand for Psychological Care in Chronic Diseases
Miehsler, W., Weichselberger, M., Öfferlbauer-Ernst, A., Dejaco, C., Reinisch, W., Vogelsang, H., Machold, K. P., Stamm, T., Gangl, A., & Moser, G. (2004) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/00054725-200409000-00021 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Profile of depression in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: Implications for treatment
Szigethy, E., Craig, A. E., Iobst, E. A., Grand, R. J., Keljo, D. J., DeMaso, D. R., & Noll, R. B. (2008) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20693 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sibaja, M. Á. D., Moreno, M. I. C., & Hesse, B. M. (2007) · Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas · doi:10.4321/s1130-01082007001000006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
O'CONNOR, J. F., DANIELS, G., FLOOD, C., KARUSH, A., MOSES, L., & STERN, L. O. (1964) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-587 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Eaden, J., Abrams, K. R., Shears, J., & Mayberry, J. F. (2002) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/00054725-200211000-00005 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-Management for People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Saibil, F. G., Lai, E., Hayward, A., Yip, J., & Gilbert, C. J. (2008) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/2008/428967 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Patients' experiences of an open access follow up arrangement in managing inflammatory bowel disease
Rogers, A. (2004) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/qshc.2003.008292 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Telephone clinic improves quality of follow-up care for chronic bowel disease.
Miller, L., Caton, S., & Lynch, D. A. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effect of information booklet on patients' anxiety levelsand consultation rates in Crohn's disease
Smart, H. L., Mayberry, J. F., Calcraft, B., Morris, J. S., & Rhodes, J. (1986) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(86)80033-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Szigethy, E., Hardy, D., Craig, A. E., Low, C. A., & Kukic, S. (2008) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20775 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jäghult, S., Larson, J., Wredling, R., & Kapraali, M. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520701439685 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The structure of affective symptoms in a sample of young adults
Meyer, T. D., & Hautzinger, M. (2003) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1053/comp.2003.50025 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Richardson, G., Sculpher, M. J., Kennedy, A. P., Nelson, E., Reeves, D., Roberts, C., Robinson, A., Rogers, A. E., & Thompson, D. G. (2006) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1258/135581906778476508 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
[Ambulatory education of patient with Crohn disease/ulcerative colitis].
Lange, A., Haslbeck, E., Andus, T., Bregenzer, N., Groß, V., Schölmerich, J., & Lamparter-Lang, R. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Luebeck interview for psychosocial screening in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Kunzendorf, S., Jantschek, G., Straubinger, K., Heberlein, I., Homann, N., Ludwig, D., & Benninghoven, D. (2006) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20050 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Response to Psychotherapy in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Karush, A., Daniels, G. E., OʼCONNOR, J. F., & STERN, L. O. (1969) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-196905000-00002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Inflammatory bowel disease — empowering the patient and improving outcome
Robinson, A. J. (2004) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02061.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
High-utilizing Crohn's disease patients under psychosomatic therapy*
the German Study Group on Psychosocial Intervention in Crohn's Disease, Deter, H., von Wietersheim, J., Jantschek, G., Burgdorf, F., Blum, B., & Keller, W. (2008) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/1751-0759-2-18 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ON THE COURSE OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS—A PRELIMINARY REPORT
O'CONNOR, J. F., Daniels, G. E., Karush, A., Moses, L., Flood, C. A., & Stern, L. O. (1964) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.120.8.738 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Boamah, L. M., Bohren, J. R., Pentiuk, S. P., Baker, R. C., Yi, M., & Moyer, M. S. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181b1356a · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Joachim, G. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Disinterest in local self-help groups amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Leicester
Moody, G. A., Bhakta, P., & Mayberry, J. F. (1993) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/bf00290301 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Miehsler, W., Dejaco, C., & Moser, G. (2007) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20256 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Langzeiterfolge Psychosomatischer Therapien
Rohrmeier, F. (1982) · Lehr- und Forschungstexte Psychologie · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68790-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Does patient knowledge affect the colorectal cancer risk in ulcerative colitis?
Eaden, J., Abrams, K. R., & Mayberry, J. F. (2002) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pmj.78.924.615 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Skills-Based Group Intervention for Adolescent Girls With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Hayutin, L. G., Blount, R. L., Lewis, J. D., Simons, L. E., & McCormick, M. L. (2009) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650109342745 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Guided Self-Management and Patient-Directed Follow-up of Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomised Trial
Braegger, C. (2002) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00005176-200204000-00026 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Implementing a colitis education and support programme
Corbett, S. S., Welfare, M., McColl, E., Lecouturier, J., & Devine, Z. (2006) · Gastrointestinal Nursing · doi:10.12968/gasn.2006.4.5.21281 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
[Effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioural program to reduce anxiety in medically ill patients].
Sánchez-Román, S., Furlong, L. V., Rodríguez‐Carvajal, R., & Baranda-Sepúlveda, J. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Intervención psicológica en la enfermedad de Crohn
Vega, E. G. (1995) · Análisis y Modificación de Conducta · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hypnotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease. A randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Forbes, A. (2012) · doi:10.1186/isrctn37515330 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mind-body interventions for gastrointestinal conditions.
Hardy, M., Favreau, J. T., Elfenbaum, P. D., Morton, S. C., Roth, E. A., Genovese, B. J., & Shekelle, P. (2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sy, L. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
von Wietersheim, J., Scheib, P., Keller, W., Osborn, W., Pritsch, M., Balck, F. B., Fritzsche, K., Dilg, R., & Schmelz-Schumacher, E. (2001) · PubMed · doi:10.1055/s-2001-10029 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mikocka‐Walus, A. A., Bond, M., Holloway, R. H., Persson, J., Pilichiewicz, A. N., Hughes, P. A., Burke, A. L. J., Collins, K., Blackshaw, L. A., Holtmann, G., et al. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(10)62408-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mikocka‐Walus, A. A., Turnbull, D. A., Andrews, J. M., Moulding, N., Wilson, I. G., & Holtmann, G. (2009) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e32831dac8a · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kaneko, M. (2009) · Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science · doi:10.5630/jans.29.3_76 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Boye, B., Lundin, K. E. A., Møkleby, K., Leganger, S., Wojniusz, S., Dahlstrom, A., Røseth, A. G., Wilhelmsen, I., Tangen, T., Hausken, T., et al. (2008) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.04.070 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
[Social support and its relation to physical and emotional findings in Crohn's disease patients].
Deter, H., Manz, R., Becker, M., & Gladisch, R. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
und the German Study Group on Psychosocial Intervention in Crohn's Disease, Burgdorf, F., Schreyögg, J., Keller, W., von Wietersheim, J., & Deter, H. (2007) · Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00063-007-1115-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Maunder, R., Lancee, W. J., Esplen, M. J., & Greenberg, G. R. (1998) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(98)84209-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Psychological treatment in Crohn's disease
Guthrie, E. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00123-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
W1120 Psychological Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Huguet, J. M., Ruiz, L., Latorre, M., Carbajo, E., Gallego, A. M., Suárez, P., Rodrı́guez, I., Tomé, A., & Chuliá, E. M. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(09)63034-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
292-THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Boye, B., Leganger, S., Møkleby, K., Heldal, A. T., Leiknes, K., Dahlström, A., Wojniusz, S., Blomhoff, S., Hausken, T., Jahnsen, J., et al. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.04.133 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A reflective process used to develop a health professional led colitis self‐management programme
Corbett, S. S., Weinel, E., Devine, Z., Lecouturier, J., Speed, C., McColl, E., James, P., & Welfare, M. (2007) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623940701289188 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jantschek, G., Boye, B., Leganger, S., Møkleby, K., Heldal, A. T., Leiknes, K., Dahlström, A., Wojniusz, S., Blomhoff, S., Hausken, T., et al. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.04.165 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mediation Training as Adjunct Therapy in the Management of Crohn’s Disease - A Pilot Study
Hershfield, N., Kubryn, W., & Sutherland, L. (1993) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/1993/283678 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
["Psychological psychotherapy" in chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders].
Rüger, U. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works
(1995) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(95)28099-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lundin, K., Jahnsen, J., Leganger, S., Møkleby, K., Tangen, T., Jantschek, I., Wojniusz, S., Rivelsrud, A., Hausken, T., Benningshoven, D., et al. (2008) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/00054725-200812001-00093 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 133 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lamb, C. A., Kennedy, N. A., Raine, T., Hendy, P. A., Smith, P. J., Limdi, J. K., Hayee, B., Lomer, M. C. E., Parkes, G. C., Selinger, C., et al. (2019) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318484 · Cited by 2,346 · see citing works
Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD
Ananthakrishnan, A. N. (2015) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.34 · Cited by 1,741 · see citing works
Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathogenesis
Zhang, Y.-Z. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i1.91 · Cited by 1,537 · see citing works
Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment
Bisgaard, T. H., Allin, K. H., Keefer, L., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., & Jess, T. (2022) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00634-6 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Depression and anxiety in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a systematic review
Neuendorf, R., Harding, A., Stello, N., Hanes, D., & Wahbeh, H. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.06.001 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Mikocka-Walus, A., Knowles, S. R., Keefer, L., & Graff, L. (2016) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000620 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
“A 2011 Cochrane review, which broadly defined psychotherapy and pooled all modalities together, concluded that psychotherapy had no effect on distress, disease activity, or QoL in the unselected IBD patients.(91) However, recent reviews that used more appropriate categorization of psychological interventions, analyzin…”
ResultManagement of Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis, Part 1
Turner, D., Ruemmele, F. M., Orlanski‐Meyer, E., Griffiths, A. M., de Carpi, J. M., Bronský, J., Veres, G., Aloi, M., Strisciuglio, C., Braegger, C., et al. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000002035 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
ACG clinical guideline: Preventive care in inflammatory bowel disease
Farraye, F. A., Melmed, G. Y., Lichtenstein, G. R., & Kane, S. V. (2017) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.537 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Assche, G. V., Dignass, A. U., Bokemeyer, B., Danese, S., Gionchetti, P., Moser, G., Beaugerie, L., Gomollón, F., Häuser, W., Herrlinger, K. R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2012.09.005 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Turner, D., Levine, A., Escher, J., Griffiths, A., Russell, R., Dignass, A., Dias, J., Bronský, J., Braegger, C., Cucchiara, S., et al. (2012) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182662233 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
“A Cochrane review found that psychological interventions resulted in improvements in coping and depression among adolescents (256).”
BackgroundGracie, D. J., Irvine, A. J., Sood, R., Mikocka-Walus, A., Hamlin, P. J., & Ford, A. C. (2017) · The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30206-0 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: Evidence based literature review
Abegunde, A. T., Muhammad, B. H., Bhatti, O. I., & Ali, T. (2016) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6296 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Coster, S., & Norman, I. J. (2008) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.09.009 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Burić, I., Farias, M., Jong, J., Mee, C., & Brazil, I. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00670 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
“Bioinformatics analysis of genes that changed expression (by using Interactive network analysis) found that NF-κB is a key molecule for both IBS and IBD.”
BackgroundInfluentialGoodhand, J. R., Wahed, M., Mawdsley, J. E., Farmer, A. D., Aziz, Q., & Rampton, D. S. (2012) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.22916 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
“Estimated 10-yr survival (%) (Median [range]) 98 [53-98] 98 [21-98] 98 [98-98] <0.”
Psychological Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Ballou, S., & Keefer, L. (2017) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ctg.2016.69 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“A 2011 Cochrane review based on 2 adolescent studies(31,32) found that CBT had a small, positive effect for quality of life, coping, depression, and anxiety for adolescents but not adults.(33) Since then, a randomized controlled study has revealed that both CBT and supportive therapy can reduce symptoms of depression…”
MethodO'Connor, M., Bager, P., Duncan, J., Gaarenstroom, J., Younge, L., Détré, P., Bredin, F., Dibley, L. B., Dignass, A. U., Barrero, M. G., et al. (2013) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.06.004 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Jedel, S., Hoffman, A., Merriman, P., Swanson, B., Voigt, R., Rajan, K. B., Shaikh, M., Li, H., & Keshavarzian, A. (2014) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000356316 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Torres, J., Ellul, P., Langhorst, J., Mikocka‐Walus, A. A., Acosta, M. B., Basnayake, C., Ding, N. S., Gilardi, D., Katsanos, K. H., Moser, G., et al. (2019) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz051 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Bennebroek Evertsz', F., Thijssens, N. A. M., Stokkers, P. C. F., Grootenhuis, M. A., Bockting, C. L. H., Nieuwkerk, P. T., & Sprangers, M. A. G. (2012) · Journal of Crohn's and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2011.07.006 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Berrill, J. W., Sadlier, M., Hood, K., & Green, J. T. (2014) · Journal of Crohn's and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2014.01.018 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Pan-colitis 17% (4) 10% (2) Crohn's disease 27% (9) 36% (12) Ileal 22% (2) 33% (4)”
Psychiatric co‐morbidity is associated with increased risk of surgery in Crohn's disease
Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Gainer, V. S., Perez, R. G., Cai, T., Cheng, S. ‐., Savova, G., Chen, P., Szolovits, P., Xia, Z., De Jager, P. L., et al. (2013) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12195 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Environmental Triggers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ananthakrishnan, A. N. (2012) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-012-0302-4 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“However, a Cochrane review found no benefit of psychological interventions on IBD [53].”
BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease and anxiety: links, risks, and challenges faced
Selinger, C. P., & Bannaga, A. (2015) · Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology · doi:10.2147/ceg.s57982 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“A recent Cochrane review summarized the evidence for general adult IBD patients and found no effect of psychotherapy on quality of life, depressive symptoms, or clinical remission from IBD.(61) While there is conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of psychological therapies and the use of pharmacological agents for…”
InfluentialPsychotherapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a review and update
McCombie, A. M., Mulder, R. T., & Gearry, R. B. (2013) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.02.004 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Systematic review: interventions for abdominal pain management in inflammatory bowel disease
Norton, C. S., Czuber‐Dochan, W., Artom, M., Sweeney, L., & Hart, A. L. (2017) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.14108 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Knowles, S. R., Monshat, K., & Castle, D. J. (2013) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0b013e318296ae5a · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Several reviews of psychological interventions in IBD have been undertaken.(16,33,51,52) Reviewing 4 self-management/patient education and 10 psychotherapy studies (i.”
BackgroundBerrill, J., Green, J. T., Hood, K., & Campbell, A. K. (2013) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12335 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“92 (chi-square) CD 13 (42%) 27 (41%) Disease Location UC (n = 57) Proctitis 6 (33%) 7 (18%) N/A‡ Left-Sided 7 (39%) 21 (54%) Pan-Colitis 5 (28%) 11 (28%) CD (n = 40) Ileal 5 (38%) 7 (26%) N/A‡ Colonic 3 (23%) 10 (37%) Ileo-colonic 5 (38%) 10 (37%) Median disease duration, years (range) 9 (1-36) 8 (1-47) 0.”
Psychiatric comorbidity in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Filipović, B. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3552 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Moore, D. A., Nunns, M., Shaw, L., Rogers, M., Walker, E., Ford, T. J., Garside, R., Ukoumunne, O. C., Titman, P., Shafran, R., et al. (2019) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta23220 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Click, B. H., Rivers, C. R., Κoutroubakis, I. E., Babichenko, D., Anderson, A. J. M., Hashash, J. G., Dunn, M. A., Schwartz, M. B., Swoger, J. M., Baidoo, L., et al. (2016) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000763 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Fatigue management in patients with IBD: a randomised controlled trial
Vogelaar, L., Spijker, A. V., Timman, R., van Tilburg, A. J. P., Bac, D., Vogelaar, T., Kuipers, E. J., Busschbach, J. J. V., & van der Woude, C. J. (2013) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305191 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
How IBD patients cope with IBD: A systematic review
McCombie, A., Mulder, R., & Gearry, R. B. (2012) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2012.05.021 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Schoultz, M., Atherton, I., & Watson, A. J. M. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0909-5 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“In summary, while high dropout rates are a recognised occurrence in psychological intervention trials [69–71], the demand for psychological interventions in IBD is pertinent, and judging from those that attended the intervention, it appears that careful patient selection remains essential [72, 73].”
BackgroundMikocka-Walus, A., Bampton, P., Hetzel, D., Hughes, P., Esterman, A., & Andrews, J. M. (2015) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-015-0278-2 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“In recent years, several reviews have been published on the efficacy of psychotherapy for QoL, emotional status and remission/flare status in IBD [7-10].”
BackgroundMethodImpact of Drug Therapy and Surgery on Quality of Life in Crohnʼs Disease
Wright, E. K., & Kamm, M. A. (2014) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000271 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Bennebroek Evertsz', F., Sprangers, M. A. G., Sitnikova, K., Stokkers, P. C. F., Ponsioen, C. Y., Bartelsman, J. F. W. M., van Bodegraven, A. A., Fischer, S., Depla, A. C. T. M., Mallant, R. C., et al. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000227 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Our findings partially contrast the reported mixed effects in aforementioned systematic reviews on the effect of psychotherapy on IBD patients (Knowles et al., 2013; McCombie et al., 2013; Timmer et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultKuo, B., Bhasin, M., Jacquart, J., Scult, M. A., Slipp, L. E., Riklin, E. I. K., Lepoutre, V., Comosa, N., Norton, B.-A., Dassatti, A., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123861 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“, 3-months) [12]; however, the durability of these interventions was less clear [13].”
BackgroundRiggott, C., Mikocka-Walus, A., Gracie, D. J., & Ford, A. C. (2023) · The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00186-3 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Neilson, K., Ftanou, M., Monshat, K., Salzberg, M., Bell, S., Kamm, M. A., Connell, W., Knowles, S. R., Sevar, K., Mancuso, S. G., et al. (2016) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000629 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The psychology of wound healing
Broadbent, E., & Koschwanez, H. E. (2011) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32834e1424 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“The number of recently published reviews that cover psychological influences on inflammation and wound healing [1– 13], postsurgical recovery [14] and psychological interventions developed to improve healing [15,16] is an indication of increasing recognition of this work and rapidly developing field.”
BackgroundMikocka-Walus, A., Bampton, P., Hetzel, D., Hughes, P., Esterman, A., & Andrews, J. M. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9580-9 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Finally, the present trial leans towards the recommendations of the Cochrane review [13] in that psychotherapy does not appear to benefit all IBD patients, and subgroups in need of such an intervention may in fact benefit more than unselected IBD patients.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSturm, A., Stallmach, A., Atreya, R. N., Bettenworth, D., Bokemeyer, B., Dignass, A. U., Ehehalt, R., Germer, C. T., Grunert, P., Helwig, U., et al. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-1713-3941 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Influence of Environmental Factors in the Development and Outcomes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Vedamurthy, A., & Ananthakrishnan, A. N. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Martin, T. D., Chan, S. S. M., & Hart, A. R. (2014) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-014-3437-3 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“48) [82].”
Vogelaar, L., Spijker, A. V., Vogelaar, T., Busschbach, J. J. V., Visser, M. S., Kuipers, E. J., & van der Woude, C. J. (2011) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2011.06.001 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Disease impact on the quality of life of children with inflammatory bowel disease
Chouliaras, G. L., Margoni, D., Dimakou, K., Fessatou, S., Panayiotou, I., & Roma‐Giannikou, E. (2017) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i6.1067 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Jordan, C., Sin, J., Fear, N. T., & Chalder, T. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.06.001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Further work identifying the psychological factors that influence adjustment outcomes is warranted in order to identify sub groups of patients most likely to benefit from targeted psychological therapy (Timmer et al, 2011).”
BackgroundBhandari, S., Larson, M. E., Kumar, N., & Stein, D. (2017) · Gut and Liver · doi:10.5009/gnl16347 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“This was confirmed by a 2011 Cochrane review.(27) There is mounting evidence suggesting that appropriate treatment of the IBD process may reduce DS and improve health related quality of life scores.”
Psychosocial interventions for adults with newly diagnosed chronic disease: A systematic review
Akyirem, S., Forbes, A., Wad, J. L., & Due-Christensen, M. (2022) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105321995916 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Although interventions exist to support IBD patients, such interventions target patients with longer disease duration (>3 years) (Timmer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelinger, C. P., Lal, S., Eaden, J., Jones, D. B., Katelaris, P., Chapman, G., McDonald, C., Leong, R. W. L., & McLaughlin, J. T. (2012) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2012.09.014 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Sharbafchi, M. R., Daghaghzadeh, H., Naji, F., Afshar, H., Feizi, A., Maroufi, M., Tabatabaeeyan, M., Adibi, P., & Tavakoli, H. (2015) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/1735-1995.165969 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“[12] Clinical studies for psychological interventions have recently been conducted, but antidepressants have not been studied in the IBD patients widely.[21] Some studies have suggested that treating patients with antidepressants might be of utility to control disease severity, increase QOL and lengthen remission; but…”
Coster, S., Li, Y., & Norman, I. J. (2020) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103698 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Goren, G., Schwartz, D., Friger, M., Banai, H., Sergienko, R., Regev, S., Abu-Kaf, H., Greenberg, D., Nemirovsky, A., Ilan, K., et al. (2022) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izab083 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Flik, C. E., Bakker, L., Laan, W., van Rood, Y. R., Smout, A. J. P. M., & de Wit, N. J. (2017) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2223 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Chronic pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Bakshi, N., Hart, A. L., Lee, M., Williams, A. C. D. C., Lackner, J. M., Norton, C. S., & Croft, P. R. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002304 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“IBD is an independent risk factor for becoming a heavy opioid user,88 and risk increases with psychiatric comorbidity such as depression or anxiety.37 Research continues into whether currently available opioids can be delivered, or new opioids developed, with radically less potential for addiction and serious side eff…”
BackgroundInfluentialHanlon, I., Hewitt, C. E., Bell, K. J., Phillips, A., & Mikocka‐Walus, A. A. (2018) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.14840 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Regarding disease activity in IBD, there was no evidence that online CBT affected this outcome, which is consistent with other systematic reviews.(51,52) The studies included in our review recruited unselected patients with IBD, however, one of these trials(49) also conducted a post-hoc analysis on a subpopulation of…”
ResultBrooks, A. J., Norman, P., Peach, E. J., Ryder, A., Scott, A. J., Narula, P., Corfe, B. M., Lobo, A., & Rowse, G. (2019) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz028 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Psychological factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease
Eugenicos, M. P., & Ferreira, N. B. (2021) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldab010 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“The role of psychotherapeutic interventions in IBD remains controversial.(14) Thus, the aim of this review was to identify recent studies that emerged in the ‘new biological era’, highlight and critique the current approach to managing IBD in 2020.”
ResultInterventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease
Sinopoulou, V., Gordon, M. A., Akobeng, A. K., Gasparetto, M., Sammaan, M., Vasiliou, J., & Dovey, T. M. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013531.pub2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The effect of psychotherapy on quality of life in IBD Patients: A systematic review
Paulides, E., Boukema, I., van der Woude, C. J., & de Boer, N. K. H. (2021) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izaa144 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Practical Guideline for Fatigue Management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Kreijne, J. E., Lie, M. R. K. L., Vogelaar, L., & van der Woude, C. J. (2015) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv168 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kalafateli, M., Triantos, C. K., Theocharis, G. J., Giannakopoulou, D., Koutroumpakis, E., Chronis, A., Sapountzis, A., Margaritis, V., Thomopoulos, K., & Nikolopoulou, V. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Berding, A., Witte, C., Gottschald, M., Kaltz, B., Weiland, R., Gerlich, C., Reusch, A., Kruis, W., & Faller, H. (2016) · Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases · doi:10.1159/000452989 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Eder, P., Łodyga, M., Gawron-Kiszka, M., Dobrowolska, A., Gonciarz, M., Hartleb, M., Kłopocka, M., Małecka-Wojciesko, E., Radwan, P., Reguła, J., et al. (2023) · Gastroenterology Review · doi:10.5114/pg.2023.125882 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
ACG Clinical Guideline Update: Preventive Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Farraye, F. A., Melmed, G., Lichtenstein, G. R., Barnes, E. L., Limketkai, B. N., Caldera, F., & Kane, S. V. (2025) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003541 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Molecular Alterations of Colorectal Cancer with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Yashiro, M. (2015) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-015-3646-4 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“[206] reported that there was no evidence for efficacy of psychological therapy in adult patients with IBD in general.”
BackgroundBessissow, T., Chao, C., Lemieux, C., Restellini, S., Afif, W., Bitton, A., Lakatos, P. L., & Wild, G. (2019) · Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.4103/sjg.sjg_566_18 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“[24-26] Currently no effective psychotherapy addressing coping issues in the IBD population has been shown to result in clinically relevant or significant improvement; although this may change if intervention is provided earlier, and, to those at higher risk.[27] Further prospective studies are needed to assess if ind…”
BackgroundKnowles, S. R., & Mikocka‐Walus, A. A. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365521.2013.865259 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Finally, researchers should also identify and evaluate possible differences across interventions which are transposed from clinic-originated studies versus those developed speci fi cally online [15,33,35].”
BackgroundAdjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease
Mikocka‐Walus, A. A., Fielder, A. L., Prady, S. L., Esterman, A., Knowles, S. R., & Andrews, J. M. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012680 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Łodyga, M., Eder, P., Gawron-Kiszka, M., Dobrowolska, A., Gonciarz, M., Hartleb, M., Kłopocka, M., Małecka-Wojciesko, E., Radwan, P., Reguła, J., et al. (2021) · Gastroenterology Review · doi:10.5114/pg.2021.110914 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“So far, no data are available to show that any psychological intervention (such as behavioral and cognitive therapy) has any impact on CD remission rates [307, 308].”
BackgroundInflammatory Bowel Disease Nurse—Practical Messages
Rosso, C., Aaron, A. A., Armandi, A., Caviglia, G. P., Vernero, M., Saracco, G. M., Astegiano, M., Bugianesi, E., & Ribaldone, D. G. (2021) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep11020023 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“While the effects have not been completely demonstrated, psychological intervention or therapy assistance could be useful for patients who are showing higher levels of concern [14].”
BackgroundFreitas, T. H. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i21.6713 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
IBS-like symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis
Gracie, D. J., & Ford, A. C. (2015) · Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology · doi:10.2147/ceg.s58153 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“A Cochrane review investigated the efficacy of psychotherapy, patient education, and relaxation techniques for IBD.(90) Outcomes assessed included health-related quality of life, coping, emotional status, and disease activity.”
Schmidt, S., Markwart, H., Bomba, F., Muehlan, H., Findeisen, A., Kohl, M., Menrath, I., & Thyen, U. (2018) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-017-3080-z · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Modifiable Environmental Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Burke, K. E., Boumitri, C., & Ananthakrishnan, A. N. (2017) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-017-0562-0 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The role of hypnotherapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases
Moser, G. (2014) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1586/17474124.2014.917955 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Psychotherapy is not routinely recommended for IBD [18].”
BackgroundHolistic healthcare in inflammatory bowel disease: time for patient-centric approaches?
Sudhakar, P., Wellens, J., Verstockt, B., Ferrante, M., Sabino, J., & Vermeire, S. (2022) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328221 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sturm, A., Atreya, R. N., Bettenworth, D., Bokemeyer, B., Dignass, A. U., Ehehalt, R., Germer, C.-T., Grunert, P., Helwig, U., Horisberger, K., et al. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-2309-6123 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Tang, W. S. W., Chiang, C. L. L., Kwang, K. W., & Zhang, M. W. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1001232 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Treatment itself can also add to the risk of the development of depression—especially so with the use of pharmacological interventions such as corticosteroids and antibiotics, which include depression as a potential side effect (54, 55).”
BackgroundOxelmark, L., Lindberg, A., Löfberg, R., Sternby, B., Eriksson, A., Almer, S. H., Befrits, R., Fossum, B., Karlén, P., Broström, O., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000000710 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Mind–Body Interventions for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Yeh, A. M., Wren, A. A., & Golianu, B. J. (2017) · Children · doi:10.3390/children4040022 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“A Cochrane review from 2011 [41] concluded that there was no evidence for psychological interventions in adults with IBD; however, the authors noted more empirical evidence for the use of psychotherapy among pediatric populations with IBD.”
BackgroundInfluentialHypnotherapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Across the Lifespan
Szigethy, E. (2015) · American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00029157.2015.1040112 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“…number of studies showing that psychological interventions can be effective in improving quality of life in patients with IBD and can influence processes in both the brain and the gut (Goodhand et al., 2009; McCombie, Mulder, & Gearry, 2013; Timmer et al., 2011; Von Wietersheim & Kessler, 2006).”
BackgroundMikocka-Walus, A., Gordon, A. L., Stewart, B. J., & Andrews, J. (2012) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-12-93 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“While studies into psychological therapies [4] have recently been conducted, antidepressants have not been widely studied in the context of IBD.”
BackgroundPerkes, S. J., Bowman, J., & Penkala, S. (2013) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105313496445 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“1) was used across all analyses to account for statistical heterogeneity (Timmer et al., 2011).”
InfluentialAfshar, H., Tabatabaeian, M., Roohafza, H., Daghaghzadeh, H., Feizi, A., Sharbafchi, M. R., Tabatabaeian, M., Naji, F., & Adibi, P. (2015) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/1735-1995.165962 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“[26] These treatments must be comprehensive and include several aspects of the psychological health of the patients.”
Quality of Life and Level of Anxiety in Youths With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ireland
Kilroy, S., Nolan, E., & Sarma, K. M. (2011) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e318214c131 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“With regard to the specific areas of life that are affected by IBD, Timmer et al (11) propose that it has a negative effect on all realms of QOL and others have suggested that the greatest impairment may be in emotional behaviour (Drossman et al (12)).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLavelle, J., Storan, D., Eswara Murthy, V., De Dominicis, N., Mulcahy, H. E., & McHugh, L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11102757 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“contrast somewhat with those of earlier reviews, which observed minimal-to-no effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in intervening with depression, quality of life (QoL), coping, and anxiety [20,21].”
ResultInviting Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease to Active Involvement in Their Own Care
Hueppe, A., Langbrandtner, J., & Raspe, H. H. (2014) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000044 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“and disease activity over a period of 1 year.(29) In a comprehensive review including 13 randomized controlled trials, only few small long-term beneficial effects on health care utilization and disease activity were found.”
BackgroundDam, A. N., Berg, A. M., & Farraye, F. A. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mählmann, L., Gerber, M., Furlano, R. I., Légeret, C., Kalak, N., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Brand, S. (2017) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.09.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease
Mikocka-Walus, A., Prady, S. L., Pollok, J., Esterman, A. J., Gordon, A. L., Knowles, S., & Andrews, J. M. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012680.pub2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Evertsz’, F. B., Bockting, C. L., Stokkers, P. C., Hinnen, C., Sanderman, R., & Sprangers, M. A. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-227 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Results from a recent meta-analysis of psychological interventions for treatment of IBD showed that current psychological treatment is not effective among IBD patients [15].”
BackgroundInfluentialChen, J., Chen, X., Sun, Y., Xie, Y., Wang, X., Li, R., & Hesketh, T. M. (2021) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-021-02003-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Tran, L., & Mulligan, K. (2019) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izy299 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Artom, M., Czuber‐Dochan, W., Sturt, J. A., & Norton, C. S. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1926-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis
Sinopoulou, V., Gordon, M. A., Dovey, T. M., & Akobeng, A. K. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013589.pub2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Reusch, A., Weiland, R., Gerlich, C., Dreger, K., Derra, C., Mainos, D., Tuschhoff, T., Berding, A., Witte, C. E., Kaltz, B., et al. (2016) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyw042 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Assche, G. V., Dignass, A. U., Bokemeyer, B., Danese, S., Gionchetti, P., Moser, G., Beaugerie, L., Gomollón, F., Häuser, W., Herrlinger, K. R., et al. (2012) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mental Illnesses in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: mens sana in corpore sano
Bartocci, B., Buono, A. D., Gabbiadini, R., Busacca, A., Quadarella, A., Repici, A., Mencaglia, E., Gasparini, L., & Armuzzi, A. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59040682 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“However, the available meta-analyses did not endorse this evidence: a first systematic review with meta-analysis, in 2011, found that psychotherapy had no effect on the QoL, emotional status, or disease activation in adult patients with IBD, while in adolescents, psychological interventions appeared to be beneficial,…”
Result
- Authors
- Timmer, A., Preiss, J. C., Motschall, E., Rücker, G., Jantschek, G., & Moser, G.
- Affiliations
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS (DE)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-02-15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- CD006913-CD006913
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- OpenAlex
- W1830145075
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- new_version (2025-04-17)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- inflammatory bowel disease, psychological intervention, psychotherapy, patient education, relaxation techniques, health-related quality of life, coping, depression, disease activity, remission, adolescents, children, risk of bias, attrition bias, publication bias
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Depression, Humans, Patient Education as Topic, Psychotherapy, Quality of Life, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
