Molecular basis of dendritic atrophy and activity in stress susceptibility
Open accessAbstract
Molecular and cellular adaptations in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) underlie stress-induced depression-like behavior, but the molecular substrates mediating cellular plasticity and activity in MSN subtypes in stress susceptibility are poorly understood. We find the transcription factor early growth response 3 (EGR3) is increased in D1 receptor containing MSNs of mice susceptible to social defeat stress. Genetic reduction of Egr3 levels in D1-MSNs prevented depression-like outcomes in stress susceptible mice by preventing D1-MSN dendritic atrophy, reduced frequency of excitatory input and altered in vivo activity. Overall, we identify NAc neuronal-subtype molecular control of dendritic morphology and related functional adaptations, which underlie susceptibility to stress.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Susceptibility to social defeat stress increases input resistance and firing in response to depolarizing current pulses in D1 medium spiny neurons, but not D2 neurons.
“Susceptibility to social defeat stress is accompanied by an increase in input resistance and firing in response to depolarizing currents pulses in D1 MSNs, but not D2 MSNs [226,234].”
From Plasticity of synapses and reward circuit function in the genesis and treatment of depression (2023) · cites this paper as [234]
Susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress is accompanied by atrophy of D1 medium spiny neuron dendrites, but not D2 dendrites.
“Susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress is accompanied by atrophy of MSN dendrites, specifically in D1 MSNs and not D2 MSNs, and a corresponding loss of dendritic spines [226,234,235].”
From Plasticity of synapses and reward circuit function in the genesis and treatment of depression (2023) · cites this paper as [234]
Susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress is accompanied by loss of dendritic spines in D1 medium spiny neurons.
“Susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress is accompanied by atrophy of MSN dendrites, specifically in D1 MSNs and not D2 MSNs, and a corresponding loss of dendritic spines [226,234,235].”
From Plasticity of synapses and reward circuit function in the genesis and treatment of depression (2023) · cites this paper as [234]
Egr3 is upregulated specifically in D1-MSNs of susceptible mice.
“Egr3 is upregulated specifically in D1-MSNs of susceptible mice and its knockdown can prevent altered synaptic activity and stress susceptibility [88].”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
RhoA is transcriptionally regulated by Egr3.
“RhoA is transcriptionally regulated by Egr3 [88] and in stress-naive mice, increased RhoA in D1-MSNs decreases sucrose preference in males, grooming behavior in females, and forced-swim immobility.”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Egr3 knockdown can prevent altered synaptic activity and stress susceptibility.
“Egr3 is upregulated specifically in D1-MSNs of susceptible mice and its knockdown can prevent altered synaptic activity and stress susceptibility [88].”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Transcription factors downstream of BDNF, including transforming growth factor β-inducible early gene-1 and Egr3, are upregulated after social defeat.
“Transcription factors downstream of BDNF, such as transforming growth factor β-inducible early gene-1 [102], and Early Growth Response 3 (Egr3) [88] are also upregulated after social defeat (Fig. 2, middle).”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Upregulation of RhoA in D1-MSNs either by Egr3 overexpression or RhoA over-expression promotes stress susceptibility.
“Upregulation of RhoA in D1-MSNs either by Egr3 overexpression or RhoA over-expression promotes stress susceptibility [88, 138].”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
The mechanism underlying structural plasticity of MSNs in CSDS is altered expression and activity of Rho GTPases.
“The mechanism underlying structural plasticity of MSNs in CSDS is altered expression and activity of Rho GTPases [88, 89, 138, 141].”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Reduced D1-MSN complexity is sufficient to drive CSDS-susceptibility.
“Reduced D1-MSN complexity is sufficient to drive CSDS-susceptibility [88, 138].”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Reduced dendritic complexity is associated with reduced excitatory input but increased intrinsic excitability.
“Reduced dendritic complexity largely agrees with changes in other brain regions [151, 152] and is associated with reduced excitatory input but increased intrinsic excitability [88, 89], which may reflect homeostatic self-tuning [153].”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
In the NAc, dendritic complexity of D1-, but not D2-MSNs, is reduced in CSDS-susceptible mice.
“In the NAc, dendritic complexity of D1-, but not D2-MSNs, is reduced in CSDS-susceptible mice.”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Spine density is unchanged in D1-MSNs.
“Spine density is unchanged in D1-MSNs [88, 89], yet there is evidence MSNs from susceptible mice have more stubby spines [156].”
From The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2006 · Cited by 4,981 · see citing works
Ferrari, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Patten, S. B., Freedman, G., Murray, C. J. L., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547 · Cited by 3,115 · see citing works
The molecular neurobiology of depression
Krishnan, V., & Nestler, E. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07455 · Cited by 2,889 · see citing works
Krishnan, V., Han, M.-H., Graham, D. L., Berton, O., Renthal, W., Russo, S. J., LaPlant, Q., Graham, A., Lutter, M., Lagace, D. C., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.018 · Cited by 2,307 · see citing works
Essential role of BDNF in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in social defeat stress
Berton, O., McClung, C. A., DiLeone, R. J., Krishnan, V., Renthal, W., Russo, S. J., Graham, D., Tsankova, N. M., Bolanos, C. A., Rios, M., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1120972 · Cited by 2,129 · see citing works
The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders
Russo, S. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3381 · Cited by 1,870 · see citing works
The self-tuning neuron: synaptic scaling of excitatory synapses
Turrigiano, G. G. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.008 · Cited by 1,533 · see citing works
Natural neural projection dynamics underlying social behavior
Gunaydin, L. A., Grosenick, L., Finkelstein, J. C., Kauvar, I. V., Fenno, L. E., Adhikari, A., Lammel, S., Mirzabekov, J. J., Airan, R. D., Zalocusky, K. A., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.017 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
Mechanisms of stress in the brain
McEwen, B. S., Bowles, N. P., Gray, J. D., Hill, M. N., Hunter, R. G., Karatsoreos, I. N., & Nasca, C. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4086 · Cited by 1,386 · see citing works
Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation: Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis
Herman, J. P., Ostrander, M. M., Mueller, N. K., & Figueiredo, H. (2005) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.08.006 · Cited by 1,322 · see citing works
A Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Gene Encodes a Possible Transcriptional Regulatory Factor
Milbrandt, J. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3672127 · Cited by 1,202 · see citing works
Miniaturized integration of a fluorescence microscope
Ghosh, K. K., Burns, L. D., Cocker, E. D., Nimmerjahn, A., Ziv, Y., Gamal, A. E., & Schnitzer, M. J. (2011) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1694 · Cited by 1,130 · see citing works
Simultaneous Denoising, Deconvolution, and Demixing of Calcium Imaging Data
Pnevmatikakis, E. A., Soudry, D., Gao, Y., Machado, T. A., Merel, J., Pfau, D., Reardon, T. R., Mu, Y., Lacefield, C., Yang, W., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.037 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Deep Brain Stimulation to Reward Circuitry Alleviates Anhedonia in Refractory Major Depression
Schlaepfer, T. E., Cohen, M. X., Frick, C., Kosel, M., Brodesser, D., Axmacher, N., Joe, A. Y., Kreft, M., Lenartz, D., & Sturm, V. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301408 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works
Cell-type-specific isolation of ribosome-associated mRNA from complex tissues
Sanz, E., Yang, L., Su, T., Morris, D. R., McKnight, G. S., & Amieux, P. S. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0907143106 · Cited by 982 · see citing works
Gong, S., Doughty, M., Harbaugh, C. R., Cummins, A., Hatten, M. E., Heintz, N., & Gerfen, C. R. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2707-07.2007 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Distinct roles for direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons in reinforcement
Kravitz, A. V., Tye, L. D., & Kreitzer, A. C. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3100 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression
George, M. S., Wassermann, E. M., Williams, W. A., Callahan, A., Ketter, T. A., Basser, P., Hallett, M., & Post, R. M. (1995) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199510020-00008 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Synaptic organisation of the basal ganglia
Bolam, J. P., Hanley, J. J., Booth, P. A. C., & Bevan, M. D. (2000) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19640527.x · Cited by 950 · see citing works
A shared neural ensemble links distinct contextual memories encoded close in time
Cai, D. J., Aharoni, D. B., Shuman, T., Shobe, J. L., Biane, J. S., Song, W., Wei, B., Veshkini, M., La-Vu, M. Q., Lou, J. J., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17955 · Cited by 947 · see citing works
Longair, M., Baker, D. A., & Armstrong, J. D. (2011) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr390 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
The Nucleus Accumbens: An Interface Between Cognition, Emotion, and Action
Floresco, S. B. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115159 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Jones, M. W., Errington, M. L., French, P. J., Fine, A., Bliss, T., Garel, S., Charnay, P., Bozon, B., Laroche, S., & Davis, S. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/85138 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Cell type-specific loss of BDNF signaling mimics optogenetic control of cocaine reward
Lobo, M. K., Covington, H. E., Chaudhury, D., Friedman, A. K., Sun, H., Damez-Werno, D., Dietz, D. M., Zaman, S., Koo, J. W., Kennedy, P. J., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188472 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Self-citationCoding the direct/indirect pathways by D1 and D2 receptors is not valid for accumbens projections
Kupchik, Y. M., Brown, R. M., Heinsbroek, J. A., Lobo, M. K., Schwartz, D. J., & Kalivas, P. W. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4068 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Self-citationO’Donovan, K. J., Tourtellotte, W. G., Milbrandt, J., & Baraban, J. M. (1999) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01343-5 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Francis, T. C., Chandra, R., Friend, D. M., Finkel, E., Dayrit, G., Miranda, J., Brooks, J. M., Iñiguez, S. D., O’Donnell, P., Kravitz, A., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.021 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Self-citationAnhedonia requires MC4R-mediated synaptic adaptations in nucleus accumbens
Lim, B. K., Huang, K. W., Grueter, B. A., Rothwell, P. E., & Malenka, R. C. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11160 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Resendez, S. L., Jennings, J. H., Ung, R. L., Namboodiri, V. M. K., Zhou, Z. C., Otis, J. M., Nomura, H., McHenry, J. A., Kosyk, O., & Stuber, G. D. (2016) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2016.021 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Epigenetic regulation of RAC1 induces synaptic remodeling in stress disorders and depression
Golden, S. A., Christoffel, D. J., Heshmati, M., Hodes, G. E., Magida, J., Davis, K., Cahill, M. E., Dias, C., Ribeiro, E., Ables, J. L., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3090 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
In vivo imaging identifies temporal signature of D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons in cocaine reward
Calipari, E. S., Bagot, R. C., Purushothaman, I., Davidson, T. J., Yorgason, J. T., Peña, C. J., Walker, D. M., Pirpinias, S. T., Guise, K. G., Ramakrishnan, C., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1521238113 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Vialou, V., Bagot, R. C., Cahill, M. E., Ferguson, D., Robison, A. J., Dietz, D. M., Fallon, B., Mazei-Robison, M., Ku, S. M., Harrigan, E., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1787-13.2014 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Smith, R. J., Lobo, M. K., Spencer, S., & Kalivas, P. W. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.026 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationIκB Kinase Regulates Social Defeat Stress-Induced Synaptic and Behavioral Plasticity
Christoffel, D. J., Golden, S. A., Dumitriu, D., Robison, A. J., Janssen, W. G., Ahn, H. F., Krishnan, V., Reyes, C. M., Han, M.-H., Ables, J. L., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4763-10.2011 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
β-catenin mediates stress resilience through Dicer1/microRNA regulation
Dias, C., Feng, J., Sun, H., Shao, N. Y., Mazei-Robison, M. S., Damez-Werno, D., Scobie, K., Bagot, R., LaBonté, B., Ribeiro, E., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13976 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Li, L., Carter, J., Gao, X., Whitehead, J., & Tourtellotte, W. G. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.23.10286-10300.2005 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Emerging Role for Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes in Depression
Francis, T. C., & Lobo, M. K. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.09.007 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationBerkel, S., Tang, W., Treviño, M., Vogt, M., Obenhaus, H. A., Gass, P., Scherer, S. W., Sprengel, R., Schratt, G., & Rappold, G. A. (2012) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr470 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Pratt, K. G., & Aizenman, C. D. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1738-07.2007 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Roberts, D. S., Hu, Y., Lund, I. V., Brooks‐Kayal, A. R., & Russek, S. J. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c600167200 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Opposing Role for Egr3 in Nucleus Accumbens Cell Subtypes in Cocaine Action
Chandra, R., Francis, T. C., Konkalmatt, P. R., Amgalan, A., Gancarz, A. M., Dietz, D., & Lobo, M. K. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0548-15.2015 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationEgr3, a synaptic activity regulated transcription factor that is essential for learning and memory
Li, L., Yun, S. H., Keblesh, J., Trommer, B. L., Xiong, H., Radulovic, J., & Tourtellotte, W. G. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2007.02.004 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Malkani, S., & Rosen, J. B. (2000) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00058-0 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
RhoA Regulates Dendrite Branching in Hippocampal Neurons by Decreasing Cypin Protein Levels
Chen, H., & Firestein, B. L. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0872-07.2007 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The immediate early gene early growth response gene 3 mediates adaptation to stress and novelty
Gallitano, A. L., Izumi, Y., Tokuda, K., Zorumski, C. F., Howell, M., Muglia, L. J., Wozniak, D. F., & Milbrandt, J. (2007) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.05.050 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Kim, J. H., Roberts, D. S., Hu, Y., Lau, G. C., Brooks‐Kayal, A. R., Farb, D. H., & Russek, S. J. (2011) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07555.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Egr-1-A Ca(2+)-regulated transcription factor.
Thiel, G., Mayer, S., Müller, I., Stefano, L., & Rössler, O. G. (2010) · Cell Calcium · doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2010.02.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Prasad, K.-M. R., SMITH, R. S., Xu, Y., & French, B. A. (2011) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.1576 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Activation of the zinc finger encoding gene krox-20 in adult rat brain: comparison with zif268
Bhat, R. V., Worley, P. F., Cole, A. J., & Baraban, J. M. (1992) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(92)90034-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Quach, D. H., Oliveira-Fernandes, M., Gruner, K., & Tourtellotte, W. G. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5481-12.2013 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry
Fox, M. E., & Lobo, M. K. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0415-3 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of Mesolimbic Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Depression
Koo, J. W., Chaudhury, D., Han, M.-H., & Nestler, E. J. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.020 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Synaptic Mechanisms Regulating Mood State Transitions in Depression
Parekh, P. K., Johnson, S. B., & Liston, C. (2022) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-040422 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Dendritic remodeling of D1 neurons by RhoA/Rho-kinase mediates depression-like behavior
Fox, M. E., Chandra, R., Menken, M. S., Larkin, E. J., Nam, H., Engeln, M., Francis, T. C., & Lobo, M. K. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0211-5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, X.-B., Jing, P.-B., Zhang, Z.-J., Cao, D.-L., Gao, M.-H., Jiang, B.-C., & Gao, Y.-J. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0115-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Francis, T. C., Gaynor, A., Chandra, R., Fox, M. E., & Lobo, M. K. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.007 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationPlasticity of synapses and reward circuit function in the genesis and treatment of depression
Thompson, S. M. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01422-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Dysfunction of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in Depression: Focus on AMPA Receptor Trafficking
He, J.-G., Zhou, H.-Y., Wang, F., & Chen, J.-G. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.02.007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Zayed, A., Baranowski, C., Compagnion, A.-C., Vernochet, C., Karaki, S., Cuttoli, R. D.-D., Saint-Jour, E., Bhattacharya, S., Marti, F., Vanhoutte, P., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29380-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Francis, T. C., Chandra, R., Gaynor, A., Konkalmatt, P., Metzbower, S. R., Evans, B., Engeln, M., Blanpied, T. A., & Lobo, M. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lobo, M K
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2017-09-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1512-1519
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- PMC
- PMC5747312
- OpenAlex
- W2755167598
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- One Mind
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH106500)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA038613)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- dendritic atrophy, nucleus accumbens, medium spiny neurons, dopamine D1 receptor, EGR3, social defeat stress, stress vulnerability, depression-like behavior, neuroplasticity, dendritic morphology, neuronal activity, excitatory synaptic input
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Atrophy, Dendrites, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Disease Susceptibility, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Nucleus Accumbens, Stress, Psychological, Receptors, Dopamine D1, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Mice, Early Growth Response Protein 3
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
