The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen
Abstract
Several lines of geological and geochemical evidence indicate that the level of atmospheric oxygen was extremely low before 2.45 billion years (Gyr) ago, and that it had reached considerable levels by 2.22 Gyr ago. Here we present evidence that the rise of atmospheric oxygen had occurred by 2.32 Gyr ago. We found that syngenetic pyrite is present in organic-rich shales of the 2.32-Gyr-old Rooihoogte and Timeball Hill formations, South Africa. The range of the isotopic composition of sulphur in this pyrite is large and shows no evidence of mass-independent fractionation, indicating that atmospheric oxygen was present at significant levels (that is, greater than 10(-5) times that of the present atmospheric level) during the deposition of these units. The presence of rounded pebbles of sideritic iron formation at the base of the Rooihoogte Formation and an extensive and thick ironstone layer consisting of haematitic pisolites and oölites in the upper Timeball Hill Formation indicate that atmospheric oxygen rose significantly, perhaps for the first time, during the deposition of the Rooihoogte and Timeball Hill formations. These units were deposited between what are probably the second and third of the three Palaeoproterozoic glacial events.
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“The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) at 2.45-2.22Ga (Bekker et al., 2004;Guo et al., 2009;Gumsley et al., 2017) marks the rapid appearance of free oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere (Anbar et al., 2007;Sessions et al., 2009)”
From Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth (2020) · cites this paper as Bekker et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“Although minor occurrences of low δ34S pyrite have recently been reported in late Archean strata by in situ analysis (58), samples studied here are the oldest samples that exhibit low δ34S values in bulk rock analyses (18, 59).”
From Rapid oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“resolving the origin of the hydrocarbon biomarkers hosted in Archean rocks would either recast or solidify the late Archean framework in which we understand one of the most profound biologically mediated transformations of the planet-the Great Oxidation Event [GOE; ∼2.4 billion years ago (Ga)] (13).”
From Reappraisal of hydrocarbon biomarkers in Archean rocks (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“In the rock record, this event is manifested by a number of changes (see Farquhar et al., 2011, 2014, for reviews), including (1) loss of easily oxidisable detrital uraninite, pyrite, and siderite from fluvial siliciclastic sediments at ca. 2.4 Ga”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Bekker et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“that effectively disappeared from the sedimentary record between 2.45 and 2.32 Ga (e.g., Bekker et al., 2004;Farquhar et al., 2000;2011).”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Bekker et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“The disappearance of S-MIF is perhaps the most accepted evidence for the onset of widespread and permanent oxygenation of the Earth's surface to levels above 10 -5 times present atmospheric levels (PAL) (see Pavlov and Kasting, 2002;Bekker et al., 2004;Farquhar et al., 2000;2011).”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Bekker et al., 2004
Citations
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The uranium isotopic record of shales and carbonates through geologic time
Chen, X., Tissot, F. L. H., Jansen, M. F., Bekker, A., Liu, C. X., Nie, N. X., Halverson, G. P., Veizer, J., & Dauphas, N. (2021) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.01.040 · Cited by 48
“8 Ga), which both saw dramatic changes in global surface environments (Holland, 2002; Bekker et al., 2004; Johnston et al., 2012; Thomson et al., 2015; Turner and Bekker, 2016; Gumsley et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOssa, F. O., Albani, A. E., Hofmann, A., Bekker, A., Gauthier-Lafaye, F., Pambo, F., Meunier, A., Fontaine, C., Boulvais, P., Pierson‐Wickmann, A., et al. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.011 · Cited by 46
“3 Ga (Bekker et al., 2004) caused significant changes to the physical, chemical, and biological processes on the Earth's surface (Krupp et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationRasmussen, B., Krapež, B., & Muhling, J. R. (2014) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b31049.1 · Cited by 45
Sedimentary sulfur isotopes and Neoarchean ocean oxygenation
Fakhraee, M., Crowe, S. A., & Katsev, S. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701835 · Cited by 44
Methanotrophy in a P aleoproterozoic oil field ecosystem, Z aonega F ormation, K arelia, R ussia
Qu, Y., Črne, A. E., Lepland, A., & van Zuilen, M. A. (2012) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12007 · Cited by 45
“3 Ga (Bekker et al., 2004) known as the Great Oxidation Event (Holland, 2006), the isotopic records of both organic and carbonate carbon exhibit surprisingly stable behavior and a systematic offset throughout most of the Earth history (Hayes et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialNürnberg, D. J., Mariscal, V., Parker, J., Mastroianni, G., Flores, E., & Mullineaux, C. W. (2014) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/mmi.12506 · Cited by 44
“32 billion years ago and allowed the development of all life we know today (Bekker et al., 2004; Tomitani et al., 2006; Konhauser et al., 2011; Schirrmeister et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSwanner, E. D., Wu, W., Hao, L., Wuestner, M. L., Obst, M., Moran, D. M., McIlvin, M. R., Saito, M. A., & Kappler, A. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2015.00060 · Cited by 45
“At the time of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) at around 2.4 Ga, atmospheric oxygen concentrations underwent a permanent rise, exceeding 10 − 5 present atmospheric levels (PAL; Pavlov and Kasting, 2002; Bekker et al., 2004).”
InfluentialEarly Archean origin of heterodimeric Photosystem I
Cardona, T. (2018) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00548 · Cited by 44
“As we have seen above, it is unlikely that this duplication event occurred immediately before the GOE or after the GOE, given the fact that at this time PsaA and PsaB had already achieved a high degree of sequence divergence.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe evolution and spread of sulfur cycling enzymes reflect the redox state of the early Earth
Mateos, K., Chappell, G., Klos, A., Le, B., Boden, J., Stüeken, E., & Anderson, R. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade4847 · Cited by 43
Oxygen and sulfur isotope fractionation during sulfide oxidation by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria
Brabec, M. Y., Lyons, T. W., & Mandernack, K. W. (2011) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.12.008 · Cited by 44
Caquineau, T., Paquette, J., & Philippot, P. (2018) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.01.003 · Cited by 42
The rise of oxygen-driven arsenic cycling at ca. 2.48 Ga
Fru, E. C., Somogyi, A., Albani, A. E., Medjoubi, K., Aubineau, J., Robbins, L. J., Lalonde, S. V., & Konhauser, K. O. (2019) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g45676.1 · Cited by 43
Habitable Zones in the Universe
González, G. (2005) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 43
Etten, J. V., Cho, C. H., Yoon, H. S., & Bhattacharya, D. (2022) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.007 · Cited by 41
Kranendonk, M. J. V., Mazumder, R., Yamaguchi, K. E., Yamada, K., & Ikehara, M. (2014) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.09.015 · Cited by 42
LA-ICP-MS elemental mapping of pyrite: An application to the Palaeoproterozoic atmosphere
Zhou, L., McKenna, C. A., Long, D. G. F., & Kamber, B. S. (2017) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2017.05.008 · Cited by 42
Zakharov, D., & Bindeman, I. N. (2019) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.01.014 · Cited by 43
“The Vetreny belt rocks likely erupted in a submarine environment providing a rare insight into the 2.43–2.41 Ga seawater, which existed in an anoxic environment, shortly after or during the earliest Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth glaciation and the Great Oxidation Event (Bekker et al., 2004; Lyons et al., 2014; Gumsl…”
BackgroundInfluentialOn the relationship between oxidation state and temperature of volcanic gas emissions
Moussallam, Y., Oppenheimer, C., & Scaillet, B. (2019) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.05.036 · Cited by 45
Shedding Light on Primary Donors in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers
Gorka, M. J., Baldansuren, A., Malnati, A., Gruszecki, E., Golbeck, J. H., & Lakshmi, K. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.735666 · Cited by 41
Photochemical modelling of atmospheric oxygen levels confirms two stable states
Gregory, B. S., Claire, M. W., & Rugheimer, S. (2021) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116818 · Cited by 50
“5 Ga (Bekker et al., 2004; Farquhar et al., 2000; Warke et al., 2020) is considered strong evidence for the Great Oxidation Event (GOE).”
BackgroundArchean to early Paleoproterozoic iron formations document a transition in iron oxidation mechanisms
Wang, C., Robbins, L. J., Planavsky, N. J., Beukes, N. J., Patry, L. A., Lalonde, S. V., Lechte, M. A., Asael, D., Reinhard, C. T., Zhang, L., et al. (2022) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.12.002 · Cited by 42
Self-citationRaven, J. A., & Larkum, A. W. D. (2007) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-007-9211-z · Cited by 40
“…to be 2.4–3.0 Ga for the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic respiration and 2.3–2.4 Ga for an appreciable rise in global oxygen levels (Bekker et al. 2004), with a further increase 0.8–0.6 Ga ago, with both of these increases paralleling ‘Snowball Earth’ events (Catling and Claire…”
BackgroundInfluentialFarquhar, J. D., & Wing, B. A. (2005) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2005.248.01.09 · Cited by 46
Crosby, C. H., Bailey, J. V., & Шарма, М. (2014) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g35922.1 · Cited by 41
Silurian wildfire proxies and atmospheric oxygen
Glasspool, I. J., & Gastaldo, R. A. (2022) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g50193.1 · Cited by 41
Oxygenic Photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria
Shevela, D., Pishchalnikov, R. Y., & Eichacker, L. A. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13853-3 · Cited by 44
Bühring, S. I., Sievert, S. M., Jonkers, H. M., Ertefai, T. F., Elshahed, M. S., Krumholz, L. R., & Hinrichs, K. (2011) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2010.00268.x · Cited by 39
“4 Ga (Bekker et al., 2004; Kaufman et al., 2007; Scott et al., 2008; Sessions et al., 2009).”
An Assessment of the Impacts of Molecular Oxygen on the Evolution of Proteomes
Vieira‐Silva, S., & Rocha, E. P. C. (2008) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msn142 · Cited by 40
“We find that genes involved in cellular responses to oxygen are much more frequent among aerobes, and we suggest that they erase most expected differences in terms of proteome composition between organisms facing high and low oxygen concentrations.”
InfluentialWater oxidation in oxygenic photosynthesis studied by magnetic resonance techniques
Lubitz, W., Pantazis, D. A., & Cox, N. J. (2022) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14543 · Cited by 40
Ngugi, D. K., Salcher, M. M., Andrei, A., Ghai, R., Klotz, F., Chiriac, M., Ionescu, D., Büsing, P., Grossart, H., Xing, P., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adc9392 · Cited by 36
“…iii) the inferred independent origin of the Crenarchaea ( Ther-moproteales and Sulfolobales ) and Thermoplasma lineages after the GOE of 2.33 Ga ( 82 , 83 ) on the basis that members of these discrete clades use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor ( 84 ); and (iv) the inferred age of the most…”
InfluentialMultiple-Sulphur Isotope Biosignatures
Ono, S. (2007) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9267-2 · Cited by 41
Santana‐Molina, C., Henriques, V., Hornero‐Méndez, D., Devos, D. P., & Rivas‐Marín, E. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2210081119 · Cited by 39
“5 giga years ago during the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) (11).”
BackgroundInfluentialCyanobacterial Algal Bloom Monitoring: Molecular Methods and Technologies for Freshwater Ecosystems
Saleem, F., Jiang, J. L., Atrache, R., Paschos, A., Edge, T. A., & Schellhorn, H. E. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11040851 · Cited by 39
“Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are a diverse group of bacteria that, in comparison to other bacterial communities, can uniquely perform photosynthesis and modulate the environmental oxygen content [1,2].”
BackgroundEarliest Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems on Earth: Comparison with Modern Analogues
Golding, S. D., Duck, L. J., Young, E., Baublys, K. A., Glikson, M., & Kamber, B. S. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8794-2_2 · Cited by 40
“Based on the occurrence of sulfur MIF and other geochemical proxies, the majority of researchers conclude that the early atmosphere was anoxic to neutral and evolved to an oxic atmosphere between 2.45 and 2.32 Ga (e.g. Farquhar et al. 2000, 2001, 2007; Kasting 2001; Bekker et al. 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialPollack, G. D., Krogstad, E. J., & Bekker, A. (2008) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.10.038 · Cited by 41
“Considering close temporal coincidence between the rise in atmospheric oxygen (e.g. Bekker et al., 2004) and the dramatic change in κa values of pelitic suites, it seems more likely that the later change reflects decoupling between U and Th in surface processes in response to initiation of…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSekine, Y., Tajika, E., Tada, R., Hirai, T., Goto, K. T., Kuwatani, T., Goto, K., Yamamoto, S., Tachibana, S., Isozaki, Y., et al. (2011) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.05.001 · Cited by 39
“…support the idea that atmospheric O2 increased remarkably between 2.5 and 2.0 Ga (termed the Great Oxidation Event (GOE)) (e.g., Anbar et al., 2007; Bekker et al., 2004; Canfield, 2005; Farquhar et al., 2000; Karhu and Holland, 1996; Kirschvink et al., 2000; Papineau et al., 2007; Rye and Holland,…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBishop, J. W., & Sumner, D. Y. (2006) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00801.x · Cited by 39
“Thus, any geochemical explanation for the restriction of MT structures through time must consider that they formed before the widespread oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere and surface waters at ca 2Æ3 Ga (e.g. Bekker et al., 2004; Canfield, 2005), as well as after.”
BackgroundOrtíz, G. G., Benítez‐King, G., Rosales‐Corral, S., Pacheco-Moisés, F. P., & Velázquez-Brizuela, I. E. (2008) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/157015908785777201 · Cited by 38
“There was a delayed of more than a billion years between the origin of cyanobacteria and the moment at which the levels of oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere [8, 16, 120].”
Črne, A. E., Melezhik, V. A., Lepland, A., Fallick, A. E., Prave, A. R., & Brasier, M. (2013) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2013.10.005 · Cited by 39
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“First, high organic burial could lead to a significant rise in atmospheric O2 within a few million years (Berner et al., 2000; Berner and Canfield, 1989).”
BackgroundPetroleum surface oil seeps from a Palaeoproterozoic petrified giant oilfield
Melezhik, V. A., Fallick, A. E., Filippov, М. М., Lepland, A., Рычанчик, Д. В., Deines, Y. E., Медведев, П. В., Romashkin, A. E., & Strauß, H. (2009) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2009.00864.x · Cited by 38
“…known as the 2.0-Ga Shunga Event (Melezhik et al., 2005), occurred during the early stage of progressive oxidation of terrestrial environments (Bekker et al., 2004; Hayes and Waldbauer, 2006; Fallick et al., 2008; Scott et al., 2008), and in the aftermath of the Lomagundi-Jatuli isotopic…”
BackgroundInfluentialFilho, R. C. A., Nogueira, A. C. R., & Araújo, R. N. (2020) · Journal of South American Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102665 · Cited by 38
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“…resulted in an increase in dissolved O 2 in the ocean and also its accretion in the atmosphere, which reached a turning point at around 2.4 Ga years ago in the frame of Great Oxygenation Event (Anbar and Knoll, 2002; Arnold et al., 2004; Bekker et al., 2004; Lyons and Reinhard, 2009).”
InfluentialIzon, G., Luo, G., Uveges, B. T. I., Beukes, N. J., Kitajima, K., Ono, S., Valley, J. W., Ma, X., & Summons, R. E. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2025606119 · Cited by 39
“Subsequently, however, perhaps incited by its unintended linguistic connotations, the GOE has been publicized by some as a singular event (27, 28, 30), while others perceive a multistage or dynamic transition occurring on a range of timescales (5, 8).”
BackgroundSelf-citationReconciling discrepant minor sulfur isotope records of the Great Oxidation Event
Uveges, B. T. I., Izon, G., Ono, S., Beukes, N. J., & Summons, R. E. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-35820-w · Cited by 40
Self-citationPopulation genomics meets the taxonomy of cyanobacteria
Dvořák, P., Jahodářová, E., Stanojković, A., Skoupý, S., & Casamatta, D. A. (2023) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2023.103128 · Cited by 40
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Coetzee, L. L. (2006) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.2113/gssajg.109.1-2.109 · Cited by 38
Self-citationGutt, J., & Dieckmann, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108683319 · Cited by 38
Illuminating the coevolution of photosynthesis and Bacteria
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“It is thought that a major change in the oxidative state of early Earth’s atmosphere occurred at the end of the Archean, approximately 2.45Ga (Bekker et al., 2004, and references therein), with perhaps the strongest evidence coming from isotopic patterns seen in S-bearing sediments through time…”
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Arginine and nitrogen mobilization in cyanobacteria
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“They are considered to have converted the Earth’s atmosphere from an anaerobic state to aerobic condition and to be the progenitor of chloroplasts in higher plants (Cavalier-Smith, 2002; Bekker et al., 2004).”
Backgroundvan Niekerk, H. S., & Beukes, N. J. (2019) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.25131/sajg.122.0014 · Cited by 37
Self-citationMission to Planet Earth: The First Two Billion Years
Stüeken, E. E., Som, S. M., Claire, M. W., Rugheimer, S., Scherf, M., Sproß, L., Tosi, N., Ueno, Y., & Lammer, H. (2020) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00652-3 · Cited by 39
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“Their occurrence on the Earth dates back to at least 2.45–2.32 Ga, but they may have first appeared even earlier, as evidenced by the fossils records (Bekker et al., 2004; Jeltsch, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialSubaerial weathering drove stabilization of continents
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Partin, C. A., Bekker, A., Corrigan, D., Modeland, S., Francis, D., & Davis, D. W. (2014) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.06.010 · Cited by 36
Self-citationAn Introduction to Primary Producers in the Sea: Who They Are, What They Do, and When They Evolved
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“…would appear that oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere and surface ocean between 2.4 and 2.3 billion years ago (Ga) (Farquhar et al. 2000; Bekker et al. 2004), and in this case, the source is known: the oxidation, or “splitting,” of liquid water in oceans and/or lakes by a group of…”
BackgroundInfluentialDiamonds from Dachine, French Guiana: A unique record of early Proterozoic subduction
Smith, C. B., Walter, M. J., Bulanova, G. P., Mikhail, S., Burnham, A. D., Gobbo, L., & Kohn, S. C. (2016) · Lithos · doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2016.09.026 · Cited by 36
“iron formation and crustal growth extending into the Neoproterozoic (Bekker et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialEroglu, S., van Zuilen, M. A., Taubald, H., Drost, K., Wille, M., Swanner, E. D., Beukes, N. J., & Schoenberg, R. (2017) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2017.09.018 · Cited by 39
“Even though the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) between about 2.42 to 2.33 Gy ago (Bekker et al., 2004; Farquhar et al., 2000; Gumsley et al., 2017; Hannah et al., 2004; Luo et al., 2016; Pavlov and Kasting, 2002) marks the first significant global rise of atmospheric oxygen above 10 -5 of the present…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe structure of photosystem I from a high-light-tolerant cyanobacteria
Dobson, Z., Ahad, S., Vanlandingham, J., Toporik, H., Vaughn, N. E., Vaughn, M. D., Williams, D., Reppert, M., Fromme, P., & Mazor, Y. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.67518 · Cited by 36
“Crude biofilm samples were placed in 50 ml of BG-11 media in Erlenmeyer flasks and exposed to >3000 μmol photons ms (Bekker, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Potential for Low-Temperature Abiotic Hydrogen Generation and a Hydrogen-Driven Deep Biosphere
Hellevang, H., Huang, S., & Thorseth, I. H. (2011) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0559 · Cited by 37
“Because of the low O2 levels before 2.45–2.22 billion years ago, ocean SO4 2 - was low with concentrations 200 lM, with maximum values of 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than present-day seawater (Bekker et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialChakrabarti, G., Shome, D., Kumar, S., Stephens, G. M., & Kah, L. C. (2013) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.09.028 · Cited by 36
Iron acquisition and allocation in stramenopile algae
Raven, J. A. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/ert121 · Cited by 36
“4 Ga ago (Bekker et al., 2004; Blank and Sanchez-Baracaldo, 2010), with an oxygenated surface ocean and a sulfidic deeper ocean (Planavsky et al.”
BackgroundOnset of coupled atmosphere–ocean oxygenation 2.3 billion years ago
Ostrander, C. M., Heard, A. W., Shu, Y., Bekker, A., Poulton, S. W., Olesen, K. P., & Nielsen, S. G. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07551-5 · Cited by 37
“Rooihoogte Formation that was previously thought to signify the transition to a permanently oxygenated atmosphere (at approximately 1,340 m deep in the drill core 8,9 ).”
InfluentialSelf-citationPeng, Z., Wang, C., Tong, X., Zhang, L., & Zhang, B. (2018) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.09.008 · Cited by 35
Young, S. A., Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, K., & Pratt, L. M. (2013) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.004 · Cited by 35
Kyläkoski, M., Hanski, E., & Huhma, H. (2012) · Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland · doi:10.17741/bgsf/84.2.001 · Cited by 35
Yang, X., Zhang, Z., Santosh, M., Duan, S., & Liang, T. (2018) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.01.007 · Cited by 35
Shukla, A. D., George, B. G., & Ray, J. S. (2019) · International Geology Review · doi:10.1080/00206814.2019.1594412 · Cited by 34
“An oxygen rich atmosphere was established (Bekker et al. 2004), two supercontinents amalgamated and later disintegrated (Nance et al. 2014), climate underwent extreme changes in the form of snowball earth events (Halverson and ShieldsZhou 2011), and life took an evolutionary leap to complex…”
BackgroundKhumalo, M. J., Nzuza, N., Padayachee, T., Chen, W., Yu, J., Nelson, D. R., & Syed, K. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21020656 · Cited by 34
Ahmerkamp, S., Jalaluddin, F. M., Cui, Y., Brumley, D. R., Pacherres, C. O., Berg, J. S., Stocker, R., Kuypers, M. M. M., Koren, K., & Behrendt, L. (2022) · Cell Reports Methods · doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100216 · Cited by 37
“3 bya, and the high energy yield obtained from O2 respiration enabled the development of multicellular life on Earth (Falkowski, 2006; Bekker et al., 2004).”
InfluentialBishop, J. W., Sumner, D. Y., & Huerta, N. J. (2006) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00802.x · Cited by 34
Corma, A. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/461182a · Cited by 37
Decreasing extents of Archean serpentinization contributed to the rise of an oxidized atmosphere
Leong, J. A. M., Ely, T., & Shock, E. L. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27589-7 · Cited by 35
“As shown by reaction (3), consuming a mole of O2 would require two moles of degassed H2, which means that the global O2 consumption can be estimated via”
BackgroundKerrich, R. W., & Said, N. (2010) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.11.012 · Cited by 33
Molecular Evolution of the Oxygen-Binding Hemerythrin Domain
Álvarez-Carreño, C., Becerra, A., & Lazcano, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157904 · Cited by 32
Zhou, B., Bird, M. I., Zheng, H., Zhang, E., Wurster, C. M., Xie, L., & Taylor, D. M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00285-7 · Cited by 33
Making Sense of Massive Carbon Isotope Excursions With an Inverse Carbon Cycle Model
Miyazaki, Y., Planavsky, N. J., Bolton, E. W., & Reinhard, C. T. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2018jg004416 · Cited by 32
“Although it has been proposed that the Archean crust may have been more S-rich than the modern continental crust (Bekker et al., 2004), this scenario seems unlikely, given the likelihood of pyrite subduction under an anoxic ocean (Canfield, 2004; Reinhard et al.”
BackgroundBabechuk, M. G., Weimar, N. E., Kleinhanns, I. C., Eroglu, S., Swanner, E. D., Kenny, G. G., Kamber, B. S., & Schoenberg, R. (2019) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.12.029 · Cited by 32
Bolhar, R., Whitehouse, M. J., Milani, L., Magalhães, N., Golding, S. D., Bybee, G., Bras, L. Y. L., & Bekker, A. (2019) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115939 · Cited by 33
Self-citationMishra, P. K., & Mohanty, S. (2020) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.106023 · Cited by 34
Microbial processes during deposition and diagenesis of Banded Iron Formations
Dreher, C., Schad, M., Robbins, L. J., Konhauser, K. O., Kappler, A. A., & Joshi, P. (2021) · Paläontologische Zeitschrift · doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00598-z · Cited by 34
Bedrosian, P. A., & Frost, C. D. (2022) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b36417.1 · Cited by 33
Yang, X., Zhang, Z., Guo, S., Chen, J., & Wang, D. (2015) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.10.018 · Cited by 35
MURPHY, M. A., & Sumner, D. Y. (2008) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00942.x · Cited by 33
“The Neoarchean Carawine Formation was deposited prior to the transition from an anoxic to an oxic atmosphere (Bekker et al., 2004; Barley et al., 2005; Melezhik et al., 2005) and preserves microbialites, including diverse stromatolites.”
BackgroundAubineau, J., Albani, A. E., Fru, E. C., Gingras, M. K., Batonneau, Y. X., Buatois, L. A., Rodier, C., Labanowski, J., Laforest, C., Lemée, L., et al. (2018) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12296 · Cited by 33
Petrology and geochemistry of the Boolgeeda Iron Formation, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia
Warchola, T. J., Lalonde, S. V., Ernesto Pecoits, A., von Gunten, K., Robbins, L. J., Alessi, D. S., Philippot, P., & Konhauser, K. O. (2018) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.07.015 · Cited by 33
Of early animals, anaerobic mitochondria, and a modern sponge
Mentel, M., Roettger, M., Leys, S. P., Tielens, A. G. M., & Martin, W. F. (2014) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201400060 · Cited by 32
Novel Genomic and Evolutionary Perspective of Cyanobacterial tRNAs
Mohanta, T. K., Syed, A., Ameén, F., & Bae, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2017.00200 · Cited by 32
“Fossil record suggests that cyanobacteria are older than 2 billion years and indirect evidence suggests that they may be older than 2.45 billion years (Amard and BertrandSarfati, 1997; Bekker et al., 2004; Schirrmeister et al., 2011; Mohanta et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Evolution of Cholesterol-Rich Membrane in Oxygen Adaption: The Respiratory System as a Model
Zuniga-Hertz, J. P., & Patel, H. H. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01340 · Cited by 32
A revised lower estimate of ozone columns during Earth's oxygenated history.
Cooke, G., Marsh, D., Walsh, C. M., Black, B. A., & Lamarque, J.-F. (2022) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 32
Lindahl, S. G. E. (2008) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31817b5a7e · Cited by 31
“3 billion yr ago, there is geochemical evidence indicating that oxygen was present in the atmosphere at 10 5 of the present concentration.(9) These types of data indicate the minimum age for the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis.”
BackgroundDrastic environmental change and its effects on a planetary biosphere
Schulze‐Makuch, D., Irwin, L. N., & Fairén, A. G. (2013) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.05.001 · Cited by 32
Peng, P., Feng, L., Sun, F., Yang, S., Su, X., Zhang, Z., & Wang, C. (2017) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.03.001 · Cited by 32
Recruitment of pre-existing networks during the evolution of C 4 photosynthesis
Reyna‐Llorens, I., & Hibberd, J. M. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0386 · Cited by 32
Joosu, L., Lepland, A., Kreitsmann, T., Üpraus, K., Roberts, N. M. W., Paiste, P., Martin, A. P., & Kirsimäe, K. (2016) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.043 · Cited by 31
Metadata
- Authors
- Bekker, A., Holland, H. D., Wang, P.-L., Rumble, D., Stein, H. J., Hannah, J. L., Coetzee, L. L., & Beukes, N. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- University of Johannesburg (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Bekker, A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 427
- Issue
- 6970
- Pages
- 117-120
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2090027771
- Cited by
- 1,435
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 79 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 99 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 53.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- Great Oxidation, atmospheric oxygen rise, sulfur isotopes, mass-independent fractionation, oolites, Neoproterozoic, Precambrian geochemistry
- MeSH terms
- Atmosphere, Carbonates, Cold Climate, Geography, Ice, Iron, Isotopes, Oxygen, South Africa, Sulfides, Sulfur, Time Factors, Geologic Sediments
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