Cited by 2,814Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesCardiovascular Disease and AdiposityDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease

Van Gaal, Luc F., Mertens, Ilse L., De Block, Christophe E.·2006·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature05487

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Abstract

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Adipose tissue releases a large number of bioactive mediators that influence not only body weight homeostasis but also insulin resistance - the core feature of type 2 diabetes - as well as alterations in lipids, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We are now beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms as well as the ways in which smoking and dyslipidaemia increase, and physical activity attenuates, the adverse effects of obesity on cardiovascular health.

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HDL Subspecies in Young Adult Twins: Heritability and Impact of Overweight
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Effects of Physical Activity and Restricted Energy Intake on Chemically Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis
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Dietary Soy Protein Reduces Cardiac Lipid Accumulation and the Ceramide Concentration in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats and ob/ob Mice
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Effects of exercise intensity and nutrition advice on myocardial function in obese children and adolescents: a multicentre randomised controlled trial study protocol
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“stantial impact on insulin sensitivity, inflammation and subsequent risk for dyslipidaemia, T2DM and atherosclerosis.(24) Current paediatric guidelines for treating paediatric obesity recommend lifestyle modification to encourage family-based behaviour change leading to a reduction in energy intake and increase in phy…”
Decreased lung function is associated with risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A longitudinal cohort study
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Association between stroke and relative fat mass: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES
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Background
Relationship between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and pulmonary function
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MicroRNA-494, Upregulated by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Desensitizes Insulin Effect in C2C12 Muscle Cells
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“hypertension, and coronary heart disease [1-3][1-3].”
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Anti-atherosclerotic activity of root bark of Premna integrifolia Linn. in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis model rats
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“, elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) [1], and other important contributors to this disease include inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance [2,3].”
Background
Acute high-intensity interval exercise induces comparable levels of circulating cell-free DNA and Interleukin-6 in obese and normal-weight individuals
Ferrandi, P. J., Fico, B. G., WHITEHURST, M. A., Zourdos, M. C., Bao, F., Dodge, K. M., Rodriguez, A. L., Pena, G. S., & Huang, C. (2018) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.007 · Cited by 39
Derivation and validation of a new visceral adiposity index for predicting visceral obesity and cardiometabolic risk in a Korean population
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Dietary antioxidant for disease prevention corroborated by the Nrf2 pathway
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Defining the mechanism of action of S1QELs, specific suppressors of superoxide production in the quinone-reaction site in mitochondrial complex I
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Circulating levels of asprosin and its association with insulin resistance and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy
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Roles of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Menopause on Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Narrative Review
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“Obesity, primarily defined by excess body fat mass, is highly prevalent and increasing worldwide and has been found to be associated with serious outcomes, including diabetes, hypertension, CVD, and mortality [6,7].”
Background
Exercise training, dietary intervention, or combined interventions and their effects on lipid profiles in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
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Navigating obesity: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications and management strategies
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Inhibitor of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Normalizes Vascular Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mice by Improving β-Arrestin 2 Translocation and Ameliorating Akt/eNOS Signal Dysfunction
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“of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (3, 4).”
Medial Thighplasty After Massive Weight Loss: Are There Any Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications?
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“Obesity is a major health risk factor because of associated medical complications such as cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, degenerative arthritis and sleep apnea [1-4].”
Background
Associations between adiposity indicators and elevated blood pressure among Chinese children and adolescents
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Low dose aspirin is associated with plasma chemerin levels and may reduce adipose tissue inflammation
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“Among these risk markers, obesity has been shown to be highly associated with CVD (3), and the underlying mechanism has been fully depicted (4).”
Background
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“…to weight gain and the development of chronic disorders, including arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, sleep apnea, and cancer (Jeffreys et al., 2003; Van Gaal et al., 2006; Pischon et al., 2008; Whitlock et al., 2009; Vucenik and Stains, 2012; Singh et al., 2013).”
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A pilot study of brisk walking in sedentary combination antiretroviral treatment (cART)- treated patients: benefit on soluble and cell inflammatory markers
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“First, the reduction of fat mass following physical activity may promote an anti-inflammatory environment via reduced infiltration of immune cells in the adipose tissue and release of adipokines, including pro-inflammatory cytokines [39].”
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The dark side of browning
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“Obesity confers an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (Van Gaal et al. 2006; Guilherme et al. 2008).”
Background
Theobromine suppresses adipogenesis through enhancement of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β degradation by adenosine receptor A1
Mitani, T., Watanabe, S., Yoshioka, Y., Katayama, S., Nakamura, S., & Ashida, H. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.017 · Cited by 36
“Introduction 1 Obesity is a serious health problem in both developed and developing countries and 2 increases the incidence of many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension 3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus [1, 2].”
Background

Authors: Van Gaal, L. F., Mertens, I. L., & De Block, C. E.
Affiliations: University of Antwerp (BE)
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-12
Volume: 444
Issue: 7121
Pages: 875-880
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature05487
OpenAlex: W1964607854
Cited by: 2,814
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 64 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 172 · 2020: 179 · 2019: 204 · 2018: 172 · 2017: 173 · 2016: 168 · 2015: 193 · 2014: 194 · 2013: 152 · 2012: 128
FWCI: 11.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: obesity, cardiovascular disease, adipose tissue, adipokines, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, smoking, physical activity, premature mortality
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adiposity

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