Cited by 2,814Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesCardiovascular Disease and AdiposityDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease

Van Gaal, Luc F., Mertens, Ilse L., De Block, Christophe E.·2006·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature05487

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Abstract

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Adipose tissue releases a large number of bioactive mediators that influence not only body weight homeostasis but also insulin resistance - the core feature of type 2 diabetes - as well as alterations in lipids, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We are now beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms as well as the ways in which smoking and dyslipidaemia increase, and physical activity attenuates, the adverse effects of obesity on cardiovascular health.

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Dietary whey protein lessens several risk factors for metabolic diseases: a review
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“Collectively, these findings suggest that whey protein may act as a nutritional component to increase endogenous antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and to reduce oxidative stress markers (MDA, TBARS) jointly with low expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 an…”
BackgroundInfluential
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Adipose‐Derived Exosomes Exert Proatherogenic Effects by Regulating Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Polarization
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“O besity is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis.(1) Individuals with excess deposition of adipose tissue (AT) exhibit increased coronary plaque vulnerability and coronary plaque progression as well as high cardiovascular event rates.”
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Vitamin D and adipose tissue—more than storage
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“Excess in adipose tissue has been attributed to a variety of diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and decrease in life expectancy (Adams et al., 2006; Despres and Lemieux, 2006; Kahn et al., 2006; Van Gaal et al., 2006).”
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Inflammatory cause of metabolic syndrome via brain stress and NF-κB
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Biological Properties and Bioactive Components of Allium cepa L.: Focus on Potential Benefits in the Treatment of Obesity and Related Comorbidities
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates Unfolded Protein Response Signaling and Mediates Inflammation, Obesity, and Cardiac Dysfunction: Therapeutic and Molecular Approach
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Air pollution and gene-specific methylation in the Normative Aging Study
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Effects of once-weekly semaglutide vs once-daily canagliflozin on body composition in type 2 diabetes: a substudy of the SUSTAIN 8 randomised controlled clinical trial
McCrimmon, R. J., Catarig, A.-M., Frias, J. P., Lausvig, N. L., le Roux, C. W., Thielke, D., & Lingvay, I. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-05065-8 · Cited by 184
“Abdominal obesity is a key factor in the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease [30] and is a risk factor for several chronic diseases with cardiometabolic homeostasis [31].”
Background
Association between abdominal obesity indices and risk of cardiovascular events in Chinese populations with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Qiao, T., Luo, T., Pei, H., Yimingniyazi, B., Aili, D., Aimudula, A., Zhao, H., Zhang, H., Dai, J., & Wang, D. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01670-x · Cited by 183
Hyperglycemia and Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis: Lessons from Type 1 Diabetes
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Signatures for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adipokines, Batokines and MicroRNAs
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Smoking, Central Adiposity, and Poor Glycemic Control Increase Risk of Hearing Impairment
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“Waist circumference, which measures central fat distribution, may be an important risk marker for chronic diseases of aging because of associations with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation.(43) High levels of GHb, but not diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, were associated with greater risk of HI.”
Background
Identification of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk in Ethnically and Racially Diverse Populations
Rao, G., Powell‐Wiley, T. M., Ancheta, I. B., Hairston, K. G., Kirley, K., Lear, S. A., North, K. E., Palaniappan, L. P., & Rosal, M. C. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000223 · Cited by 180
“VAT likely serves as the site of dysfunctional, hypertrophic adipocytes that promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and production of cytokines and adipokines.(19,20) Consistent with the evidence of its metabolic activity, VAT has also been shown to predict CVD burden and incident cardiovascular events independent of…”
Background
Dietary total antioxidant capacity is negatively associated with some metabolic syndrome features in healthy young adults
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Impact of Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index on Risk of Cardiometabolic Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Adults: A National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Survey
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Low-Grade Inflammation, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents
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Multi-Omic Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome in Healthy Subjects Reveals Microbiome-Dependent Relationships Between Diet and Metabolites
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“We measured plasma CRP, as a clinically-relevant marker of inflammation, which predicts future disease risk (Ridker, 2003), and used BMI as a proxy for obesity and future metabolic risk (Van Gaal et al., 2006).”
Method
Plasma Free Amino Acid Profiles Predict Four-Year Risk of Developing Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, Dyslipidemia and Hypertension in Japanese Population
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Epicardial Adipokines in Obesity and Coronary Artery Disease Induce Atherogenic Changes in Monocytes and Endothelial Cells
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“NAFLD predicts non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, independent of obesity [3–5].”
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Proteomic analysis of epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue reveals differences in proteins involved in oxidative stress
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Metabolic stress in insulin's target cells leads to ROS accumulation – A hypothetical common pathway causing insulin resistance
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Vaspin inhibits kallikrein 7 by serpin mechanism
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Endovascular Injury Induces Rapid Phenotypic Changes in Perivascular Adipose Tissue
Takaoka, M., Suzuki, H., Shioda, S., Sekikawa, K., Saito, Y., Nagai, R., & Sata, M. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.207175 · Cited by 166

Authors: Van Gaal, L. F., Mertens, I. L., & De Block, C. E.
Affiliations: University of Antwerp (BE)
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-12
Volume: 444
Issue: 7121
Pages: 875-880
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature05487
OpenAlex: W1964607854
Cited by: 2,814
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 64 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 172 · 2020: 179 · 2019: 204 · 2018: 172 · 2017: 173 · 2016: 168 · 2015: 193 · 2014: 194 · 2013: 152 · 2012: 128
FWCI: 11.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: obesity, cardiovascular disease, adipose tissue, adipokines, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, smoking, physical activity, premature mortality
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adiposity

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