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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution
Open accessAbstract
Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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“Interestingly, although Gao et al. use the most up-to-date BMI GWAS data, 20 they do not do the same for WHR, despite the most recent GWAS for WHR adjusted for BMI identifying 33 additional variants (as well as confirming the 14 used here from the earlier GWAS) and being published around the same time as the most up-to-date BMI GWAS.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“In both GWAS, the results of the per allele effect of the genetic instrument on WHR adjusted for BMI is notably stronger in females than males.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
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“Seven of the 14 WHR adjusted for BMI variants used by Gao and colleagues were stronger in females compared with males ( Table 2 ), with 19 of the 44 variants in the more up-to-date GWAS being stronger in females (and one stronger in males).”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
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MethodAdipose Tissue, Non-Communicable Diseases, and Physical Exercise: An Imperfect Triangle
Monsalve, F. A., González, D. R., Fernández-Tapia, B., & López, F. D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242417168 · Cited by 19
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Self-citationThe influence of rare variants in circulating metabolic biomarkers
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BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDevelopmentally Driven Changes in Adipogenesis in Different Fat Depots Are Related to Obesity
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InfluentialSelf-citationGenetic and epigenetic studies of adiposity and cardiometabolic disease
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“waist hip ratio (WHR, central adiposity) [16, 17]; 2) hormonal traits: sex hormone binding 80 globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH) [18]; 3) insulin resistant traits: fasting insulin (FI), 81 fasting glucose (FG), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [19, 20]; 4) 82”
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“For BMI and WHR, SNPs were extracted from GWAS including ∼700,000 and 224,459 European participants, respectively (23, 24).”
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“Genetic variations play a key role in the determination of adipose tissue distribution [34,35].”
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“ABCA1 has not been associated with VAT/SAT ratio, it was recently identified as a novel locus associated with body fat distribution with a stronger effect in women [22], and BMI was found to be positively associated with VAT/SAT ratio in premenopausal women from the GEA study bearing the ABCA1/R230C [21] .”
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“For the 17 WHR a regions of interest (Supplementary Information, Supplementary Table S2), we first interrogated the genome-wide significant SNP from Heid et al. 11 or Shungin et al. 20 which we labeled the “index SNP”.”
Self-citationNovel Genetic Locus of Visceral Fat and Systemic Inflammation
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Body Shape and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
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Bayesian multivariate reanalysis of large genetic studies identifies many new associations
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The polygenic architecture of left ventricular mass mirrors the clinical epidemiology
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“Genetic polymorphisms Affect Obesity 1 1 (92, 93)”
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“The genetic data for WC were from Shungin’s meta-analysis, which included 127,997 individuals (Shungin et al. 2015); the data for WHR were from Randall’s study, which included 73,137 individuals, and the data for T2DM were obtained from Xue’s metaanalysis study, which included 659,316 individuals (62,892 patients and…”
MethodNetwork Mendelian randomization study: exploring the causal pathway from insomnia to type 2 diabetes
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“Pathway analyses have suggested adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation, and insulin resistance as potential underlying mechanisms (23).”
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“To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified nearly a thousand genetic loci harboring the variants related to the common form of obesity and body fat distribution [5,24,25].”
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BackgroundMetabolic Syndrome: An Overview on Its Genetic Associations and Gene–Diet Interactions
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Nutrigenetics—Personalized Nutrition in the Genetic Age
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“Aligned with this notion, PEMT was previously suggested to be differentially expressed according to waist-to-hip ratio, especially in females (30), and to exhibit a differential gene expression in VAT and SAT (13, 31).”
BackgroundGenomic risk score provides predictive performance for type 2 diabetes in the UK biobank
Chen, X., Liu, C., Si, S., Li, Y., Li, W., Yuan, T., & Xue, F. (2021) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01650-1 · Cited by 18
“We constructed 17 genetic risk scores (GRSs) for phenotypes associated with T2D: T2D [6], HbA1c [18], 2-h blood glucose (2hGlu), fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI) [19], HDL, LDL, total cholesterol (TC), TG [20], SBP, DBP [21], waist, hip, WHR [22], BMI [23], height [24], and smoking [25].”
MethodSelf-citationDurand, A., Winkler, C. A., Vince, N., Douillard, V., Geffard, E., Binns-Roemer, E. A., Ng, D. K., Gourraud, P., Reidy, K., Warady, B. A., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.11.003 · Cited by 19
“The FGFR4 rs1966265 FSGS risk variant (V10I) was previously associated with increased BMI and type 2-diabetes 44,45 .”
Genetic support for the causal role of insulin in coronary heart disease
Tikkanen, E., Pirinen, M., Sarin, A., Havulinna, A. S., Männistö, S., Saltevo, J. T., Lokki, M., Sinisalo, J. P., Lundqvist, A., Jula, A. M., et al. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4081-6 · Cited by 17
“For our analyses, we selected all SNPs associated with established CHD risk factors and CHD at genome-wide significance level from the largest GWASs for each trait (for lipids n = 188,577, for BMI n = 339,224, for WHR n = 224,459, for glycaemic traits n = 133,010, for BP n=200,000, for CHD n=184,305) [7–12] (electroni…”
MethodSelf-citationFernández‐Rhodes, L., Graff, M., Buchanan, V. L., Justice, A. E., Highland, H. M., Guo, X., Zhu, W., Chen, H., Young, K. L., Adhikari, K., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.445969 · Cited by 17
Self-citationCapturing the multifaceted function of adipose tissue macrophages
Matz, A. J., Qu, L., Karlinsey, K., Vella, A. T., & Zhou, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148188 · Cited by 16
Genetic association of the PERIOD3 (PER3) Clock gene with extreme obesity
de Azevedo, P. G., Miranda, L. R., Nicolau, E., Alves, R. B., Bicalho, M. A. C., Couto, P. P., Ramos, A. V., de Souza, R. P., Longhi, R., Friedman, E., et al. (2021) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2021.06.006 · Cited by 16
Wei, Y., Han, S., Zhou, R., Xu, P., Zhou, L., Zhu, Z., Kan, Y., Yang, X., Xiang, Y., Cao, Y. Z., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.862545 · Cited by 16
“A genome-wide association study demonstrated that the up-regulation of vegf-b is related to chronic kidney disease, T2DM, hypertension and hyperlipidemia (15).”
BackgroundHay, R., Cullen, B., Graham, N., Lyall, D. M., Aman, A., Pell, J. P., Ward, J., Smith, D. J., & Strawbridge, R. J. (2022) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-022-01107-9 · Cited by 16
“Waist and hip measurements allowed for calculation of waist:hip ratio (reflective of central obesity) which was adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI, reflecting central obesity accounting for total obesity) prior to analysis as per Shungin et al 29 .”
Self-citationSilva, K. D., Demmer, R. T., Jönsson, D., Mousa, A., Teede, H. J., Forbes, A. B., & Enticott, J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269191 · Cited by 16
“Data had been adjusted for age and other study-specific covariates and details are available elsewhere [35].”
BackgroundNadkarni, G. N., Fei, K., Galarneau, G., Gao, Y. L., Wilson, J. G., Cooper, R., Madden, E. B., Denny, J. C., Richardson, L. D., Pollak, M. R., et al. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000027785 · Cited by 16
“Such an interaction has previously been observed at multiple GWAS loci for BMI and adiposity traits.([40]) While association between the risk variants and BMI was limited to women, the association with obesity extended to both sexes, perhaps reflecting a threshold effect.”
BackgroundSelf-citationPazokitoroudi, A., Liu, Z., Dahl, A., Zaitlen, N., Rosset, S., & Sankararaman, S. (2024) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.05.015 · Cited by 15
“35,36,52 The transcription factor, KLF14 , is located near a sex-dependent GWAS variant for WHR, type 2 diabetes, and multiple other metabolic and anthropometric traits.”
Mustafa, R., Mens, M. M. J., van Hilten, A., Huang, J. V., Roshchupkin, G. V., Huan, T., Broer, L., van Meurs, J. B. J., Elliott, P., Levy, D. A., et al. (2024) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-024-03420-6 · Cited by 17
Self-citationArends, D., Heise, S., Kärst, S., Trost, J., & Brockmann, G. A. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.150 · Cited by 16
Exploring Coronary Artery Disease GWAs Targets With Functional Links to Immunometabolism
Hughes, M., Lenighan, Y. M., Godson, C., & Roche, H. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2018.00148 · Cited by 16
“9 × 10−12) (20) and waist to hip ratio adjusted BMI p = 3 × 10−27 (62).”
BackgroundCapturing functional epigenomes for insight into metabolic diseases
Allum, F., & Grundberg, E. (2020) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.016 · Cited by 18
“Conversely, quantitative genetic studies of complex traits related to metabolic diseases have successfully hinted at essential biological pathways involved in trait etiology; for instance, the central nervous system in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of body mass index (BMI) [5e8] and adipogenesis in GWAS of wa…”
BackgroundPolygenic risk modeling with latent trait-related genetic components
Aguirre, M., Tanigawa, Y., Venkataraman, G. R., Tibshirani, R. J., Hastie, T. J., & Rivas, M. A. (2021) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-021-00813-0 · Cited by 12
Diels, S., Cuypers, B., Tvarijonaviciute, A., Derudas, B., Dijck, E. V., Verrijken, A., Gaal, L. F. V., Laukens, K., Lefèbvre, P., Cerón, J. M. C., et al. (2021) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-021-01142-1 · Cited by 16
“It is therefore difficult to perform studies on PON1 that include all potential confounding factors and caution should be taken for result interpretation, as our study did not include information on the patients’ cardiovascular and neurological states (two disease states known to be correlated with PON1 status) [13, 1…”
BackgroundShi, M., Wang, C., Mei, H., Temprosa, M. G., Florez, J. C., Tripputi, M., Merino, J., Lipworth, L. P., Shu, X., Gerszten, R. E., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.024388 · Cited by 17
“…phenotypes were obtained from existing large-scale GWAS in European Ancestry, including GIANT (Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits) 28,29 (body mass index, waist circumference, height; https://porta ls.broad insti tute.org/colla borat ion/giant/ index.php/GIANT_conso…”
He, L., Yu, T., Zhang, W., Wang, B., Ma, Y., & Li, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.902142 · Cited by 18
“Abbreviations: SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; GWAS, genome-wide association studies; MR, Mendelian Randomization; IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MR-PRESSO, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier; ICD, international classification of diseases; LD, linkage disequilibrium; TGF-b, transforming…”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationBai, N., Lu, X., Li, J., Alimujiang, M., Ma, J., Hu, F., Xu, Y., Sun, J., Xu, J. Y., Zhang, R., et al. (2022) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101531 · Cited by 17
“Adjusted-BMI loci are enriched for genes expressed in adipose depots and putative regulatory elements in adipocytes, and eQTL analysis provides insight to the potential pathophysiological mechanisms [48].”
BackgroundYamada, Y., Sakuma, J., Takeuchi, I., Yasukochi, Y., Kato, K., Oguri, M., Fujimaki, T., Horibe, H., Muramatsu, M., Sawabe, M., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16945 · Cited by 16
Genome-Wide Association Studies and Risk Scores for Coronary Artery Disease: Sex Biases
Byars, S., & Inouye, M. (2018) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_38 · Cited by 16
Ghodsian, N., Gagnon, É., Bourgault, J., Gobeil, É., Manikpurage, H. D., Perrot, N., Girard, A. S., Mitchell, P. L., & Arsenault, B. J. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13124208 · Cited by 14
“Summary statistics for WHR were obtained from a meta-analysis of 210,088 individuals [20].”
MethodComparison of Methods Utilizing Sex-Specific PRSs Derived From GWAS Summary Statistics
Zhang, C., Ye, Y., & Zhao, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.892950 · Cited by 14
Next-generation human adipose tissue culture methods
Lauschke, V. M., & Hagberg, C. E. (2023) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2023.102057 · Cited by 15
Cao, Y.-T., Zhang, W., Lou, Y., Yan, Q., Zhang, Y., Qi, F., Xiang, L.-L., Lv, T.-S., Fang, Z.-Y., Yu, J., et al. (2023) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-023-02997-9 · Cited by 16
“Multiple studies have shown that more than 50% of the central obesity loci have significant but poorly understood sexual dimorphism, with most loci having a stronger effect in females, which may explain the inversion of VFA between the sexes in our study [23–25].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHSP47 levels determine the degree of body adiposity
Shin, J., Toyoda, S., Okuno, Y., Hayashi, R., Nishitani, S., Onodera, T., Sakamoto, H., Ito, S., Kobayashi, S., Nagao, H., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43080-x · Cited by 15
“WeacknowledgethatHSP47isnotthesolefactorin fl uencing body adiposity, as other obesogenic elements, such as other genetic variants 18 , in fl ammation 43 , oxidative stress 44 , adipocytokines 45 , and energy metabolism 2 , comprehensively contribute to the overall level of body adiposity.”
Uncovering the Genetic Architectures of Quantitative Traits
Lee, J. J., Vattikuti, S., & Chow, C. C. (2015) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2015.10.002 · Cited by 15
Li, A., Teo, K. K., Morrison, K. M., McDonald, S. D., Atkinson, S. A., Anand, S. S., & Meyre, D. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21707 · Cited by 15
“Our data also showed that both offspring and maternal unweighted WHR GRS were negatively associated with GWG, indicating that genetic predisposition to abdominal fat but not overall adiposity may contribute to GWG variation (18).”
BackgroundGenetic Predictors of ≥5% Weight Loss by Multidisciplinary Advice to Severely Obese Subjects
Aller, E. E. J. G., Mariman, E. C. M., Bouwman, F. G., & van Baak, M. A. (2017) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000469662 · Cited by 15
Mack, S. R., Coassin, S., Vaucher, J., Kronenberg, F., Lamina, C., Rueedi, R., Yousri, N. A., Seppälä, I., Gieger, C., Schönherr, S., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07213-9 · Cited by 18
Self-citationChen, J., Goh, K. J., Rocha, N., Groeneveld, M. P., Minic, M., Barrett, T. G., Savage, D. B., & Semple, R. K. (2017) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.030981 · Cited by 15
“Emerging evidence suggests moreover that a subset of common human genetic variants confer genetic susceptibility to prevalent metabolic syndrome through a similar ‘ lipodystrophic ’ mechanism (Yaghootkar et al., 2014, 2016; Shungin et al., 2015; Kilpeläinen et al., 2016; Lotta et al., 2017).”
Self-citationNovel Common Variants Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Detected Using a cFDR Method
Zhang, Q., Wu, K., He, J., Zeng, Y., Greenbaum, J., Xia, X., Liu, H., Lv, W., Xu, L., Zhang, W., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16722-6 · Cited by 15
Self-citationTurcotte, M., Abadi, A., Peralta‐Romero, J., Suarez, F., Reddon, H., Gómez-Zamudio, J. H., Burguete-García, A. I., Cruz, M., & Meyre, D. (2018) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0055-8 · Cited by 16
“These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that a majority of WHR SNPs, including HOXC13, display sex-specific effects that are greater in women [13, 44, 45].”
ResultJung, S. Y., Mancuso, N., Yu, H., Papp, J. C., Sobel, E. M., & Zhang, Z. (2018) · Cancer Prevention Research · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0180 · Cited by 15
“One GWAS meta-analysis (40) showed that an SNP related to MSC had a greater association with abdominal obesity, and pathway analysis showed that the SNP was related to higher triglyceride, fasting insulin, and T2DM traits.”
BackgroundKulyté, A., Lundbäck, V., Lindgren, C. M., Luan, J., Lotta, L. A., Langenberg, C., Arner, P., Strawbridge, R. J., & Dahlman, I. A. (2020) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.009 · Cited by 15
“There is a strong genetic component to clinical traits of relevance to lipolysis, including body fat (measured by body mass index, BMI) [8], the location of stored lipids (asmeasured bywaist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI) [9], and circulating triglyceride levels [10].”
BackgroundSelf-citationChien, L. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233847 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- The ADIPOGen Consortium, Shungin, D., The CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium, The CKDGen Consortium, The GEFOS Consortium, The GENIE Consortium, The, G. L. G. C., The, I. C. B. P., The International Endogene Consortium, Study, T. L. C., The MAGIC Investigators, The MuTHER Consortium, The PAGE Consortium, The ReproGen Consortium, Winkler, T. W., Croteau-Chonka, D. C., Ferreira, T., Locke, A. E., Mägi, R., Strawbridge, R. J., Pers, T. H., Fischer, K., Justice, A. E., Workalemahu, T., Wu, J. M. W., Buchkovich, M. L., Heard-Costa, N. L., Roman, T. S., Drong, A. W., Song, C., Gustafsson, S., Day, F. R., Esko, T., Fall, T., Kutalik, Z., Luan, J., Randall, J. C., Scherag, A., Vedantam, S., Wood, A. R., Chen, J., Fehrmann, R., Karjalainen, J., Kahali, B., Liu, C.-T., Schmidt, E. M., Absher, D., Amin, N., Anderson, D., Beekman, M., Bragg-Gresham, J. L., Buyske, S., Demirkan, A., Ehret, G. B., Feitosa, M. F., Goel, A., Jackson, A. U., Johnson, T., Kleber, M. E., Kristiansson, K., Mangino, M., Mateo Leach, I., Medina-Gomez, C., Palmer, C. D., Pasko, D., Pechlivanis, S., Peters, M. J., Prokopenko, I., Stančáková, A., Ju Sung, Y., Tanaka, T., Teumer, A., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J. V., Yengo, L., Zhang, W., Albrecht, E., Ärnlöv, J., Arscott, G. M., Bandinelli, S., Barrett, A., Bellis, C., Bennett, A. J., Berne, C., Blüher, M., Böhringer, S., Bonnet, F., Böttcher, Y., Bruinenberg, M., Carba, D. B., Caspersen, I. H., Clarke, R., Warwick Daw, E., Deelen, J., Deelman, E., Delgado, G., Doney, A. S. F., Eklund, N., Erdos, M. R., Estrada, K., Eury, E., Friedrich, N., Garcia, M. E., Giedraitis, V., Gigante, B., Go, A. S., Golay, A., Grallert, H., Grammer, T. B., Gräßler, J., Grewal, J., Groves, C. J., Haller, T., Hallmans, G., Hartman, C. A., Hassinen, M., Hayward, C., Heikkilä, K., Herzig, K.-H., Helmer, Q., Hillege, H. L., Holmen, O., Hunt, S. C., Isaacs, A., Ittermann, T., James, A. L., Johansson, I., Juliusdottir, T., Kalafati, I.-P., Kinnunen, L., Koenig, W., Kooner, I. K., Kratzer, W., Lamina, C., Leander, K., Lee, N. R., Lichtner, P., Lind, L., Lindström, J., Lobbens, S., Lorentzon, M., Mach, F., Magnusson, P. K. E., Mahajan, A., McArdle, W. L., Menni, C., Merger, S., Mihailov, E., Milani, L., Mills, R., Moayyeri, A., Monda, K. L., Mooijaart, S. P., Mühleisen, T. W., Mulas, A., Müller, G., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Nagaraja, R., Nalls, M. A., Narisu, N., Glorioso, N., Nolte, I. M., Olden, M., Rayner, N. W., Renstrom, F., Ried, J. S., Robertson, N. R., Rose, L. M., Sanna, S., Scharnagl, H., Scholtens, S., Sennblad, B., Seufferlein, T., Sitlani, C. M., Vernon Smith, A., Stirrups, K., Stringham, H. M., Sundström, J., Swertz, M. A., Swift, A. J., Syvänen, A.-C., Tayo, B. O., Thorand, B., Thorleifsson, G., Tomaschitz, A., Troffa, C., van Oort, F. V. A., Verweij, N., Vonk, J. M., Waite, L. L., Wennauer, R., Wilsgaard, T., Wojczynski, M. K., Wong, A., Zhang, Q., Hua Zhao, J., Brennan, E. P., Choi, M., Eriksson, P., Folkersen, L., Franco-Cereceda, A., Gharavi, A. G., Hedman, Å. K., Hivert, M.-F., Huang, J., Kanoni, S., Karpe, F., Keildson, S., Kiryluk, K., Liang, L., Lifton, R. P., Ma, B., McKnight, A. J., McPherson, R., Metspalu, A., Min, J. L., Moffatt, M. F., Montgomery, G. W., Murabito, J. M., Nicholson, G., Nyholt, D. R., Olsson, C., Perry, J. R. B., Reinmaa, E., Salem, R. M., Sandholm, N., Schadt, E. E., Scott, R. A., Stolk, L., Vallejo, E. E., Westra, H.-J., Zondervan, K. T., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Bakker, S. J. L., Beilby, J., Bergman, R. N., Blangero, J., Brown, M. J., Burnier, M., Campbell, H., Chakravarti, A., Chines, P. S., Claudi-Boehm, S., Collins, F. S., Crawford, D. C., Danesh, J., de Faire, U., de Geus, E. J. C., Dörr, M., Erbel, R., Eriksson, J. G., Farrall, M., Ferrannini, E., Ferrières, J., Forouhi, N. G., Forrester, T., Franco, O. H., Gansevoort, R. T., Gieger, C., Gudnason, V., Haiman, C. A., Harris, T. B., Hattersley, A. T., Heliövaara, M., Hicks, A. A., Hingorani, A. D., Hoffmann, W., Hofman, A., Homuth, G., Humphries, S. E., Hyppönen, E., Illig, T., Jarvelin, M.-R., Johansen, B., Jousilahti, P., Jula, A. M., Kaprio, J., Kee, F., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M., Kooner, J. S., Kooperberg, C., Kovacs, P., Kraja, A. T., Kumari, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Kuusisto, J., Lakka, T. A., Langenberg, C., Le Marchand, L., Lehtimäki, T., Lyssenko, V., Männistö, S., Marette, A., Matise, T. C., McKenzie, C. A., McKnight, B., Musk, A. W., Möhlenkamp, S., Morris, A. D., Nelis, M., Ohlsson, C., Oldehinkel, A. J., Ong, K. K., Palmer, L. J., Penninx, B. W., Peters, A., Pramstaller, P. P., Raitakari, O. T., Rankinen, T., Rao, D. C., Rice, T. K., Ridker, P. M., Ritchie, M. D., Rudan, I., Salomaa, V., Samani, N. J., Saramies, J., Sarzynski, M. A., Schwarz, P. E. H., Shuldiner, A. R., Staessen, J. A., Steinthorsdottir, V., Stolk, R. P., Strauch, K., Tönjes, A., Tremblay, A., Tremoli, E., Vohl, M.-C., Völker, U., Vollenweider, P., Wilson, J. F., Witteman, J. C., Adair, L. S., Bochud, M., Boehm, B. O., Bornstein, S. R., Bouchard, C., Cauchi, S., Caulfield, M. J., Chambers, J. C., Chasman, D. I., Cooper, R. S., Dedoussis, G., Ferrucci, L., Froguel, P., Grabe, H.-J., Hamsten, A., Hui, J., Hveem, K., Jöckel, K.-H., Kivimaki, M., Kuh, D., Laakso, M., Liu, Y., März, W., Munroe, P. B., Njølstad, I., Oostra, B. A., Palmer, C. N. A., Pedersen, N. L., Perola, M., Pérusse, L., Peters, U., Power, C., Quertermous, T., Rauramaa, R., Rivadeneira, F., Saaristo, T. E., Saleheen, D., Sinisalo, J., Eline Slagboom, P., Snieder, H., Spector, T. D., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Stumvoll, M., Tuomilehto, J., Uitterlinden, A. G., Uusitupa, M., van der Harst, P., Veronesi, G., Walker, M., Wareham, N. J., Watkins, H., Wichmann, H.-E., Abecasis, G. R., Assimes, T. L., Berndt, S. I., Boehnke, M., Borecki, I. B., Deloukas, P., Franke, L., Frayling, T. M., Groop, L. C., Hunter, D. J., Kaplan, R. C., O’Connell, J. R., Qi, L., Schlessinger, D., Strachan, D. P., Stefansson, K., van Duijn, C. M., Willer, C. J., Visscher, P. M., Yang, J., Hirschhorn, J. N., Carola Zillikens, M., McCarthy, M. I., Speliotes, E. K., North, K. E., Fox, C. S., Barroso, I., Franks, P. W., Ingelsson, E., Heid, I. M., Loos, R. J. F., Cupples, L. A., Morris, A. P., Lindgren, C. M., & Mohlke, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- University of Regensburg (DE)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (CH)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze (IT)
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Dalarna University (SE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
- Western General Hospital (GB)
- University of Utah (US)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- University Hospital Ulm (DE)
- Harokopio University of Athens (GR)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust (GB)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- University of Sassari (IT)
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IT)
- University of Washington (US)
- Science for Life Laboratory (SE)
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (GB)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- Université de Strasbourg (FR)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Essen University Hospital (DE)
- University of the West Indies (JM)
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Eurac Research (IT)
- University College London (GB)
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
- Tampere University (FI)
- Steno Diabetes Centers (DK)
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (AU)
- University of Dundee (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Université de Lille (FR)
- University of London (GB)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (DE)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Finnish Diabetes Association (FI)
- deCODE Genetics (Iceland) (IS)
- University of Insubria (IT)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lindgren, Cecilia M.
- Mohlke, Karen L
- ORCID
- Shungin, Dmitry
- Winkler, Thomas W.
- Ferreira, Teresa
- Locke, Adam E.
- Mägi, Reedik
- Strawbridge, Rona J.
- Pers, Tune H.
- Fischer, Krista
- Justice, Anne E.
- Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie
- Wu, Joseph M. W.
- Buchkovich, Martin L.
- Roman, Tamara S.
- Song, Ci
- Gustafsson, Stefan
- Day, Felix R.
- Fall, Tove
- Kutalik, Zoltán
- Luan, Jian’an
- Scherag, André
- Vedantam, Sailaja
- Wood, Andrew R.
- Fehrmann, Rudolf
- Karjalainen, Juha
- Kahali, Bratati
- Schmidt, Ellen M.
- Amin, Najaf
- Anderson, Denise
- Beekman, Marian
- Buyske, Steven
- Ehret, Georg B.
- Feitosa, Mary F.
- Goel, Anuj
- Jackson, Anne U.
- Johnson, Toby
- Kleber, Marcus E.
- Kristiansson, Kati
- Mangino, Massimo
- Palmer, Cameron D.
- Pechlivanis, Sonali
- Peters, Marjolein J.
- Prokopenko, Inga
- Tanaka, Toshiko
- Teumer, Alexander
- Yengo, Loïc
- Zhang, Weihua
- Ärnlöv, Johan
- Arscott, Gillian M.
- Bandinelli, Stefania
- Bellis, Claire
- Bennett, Amanda J.
- Blüher, Matthias
- Böhringer, Stefan
- Bonnet, Fabrice
- Böttcher, Yvonne
- Carba, Delia B.
- Caspersen, Ida H.
- Deelen, Joris
- Deelman, Ewa
- Doney, Alex S. F.
- Erdos, Michael R.
- Estrada, Karol
- Giedraitis, Vilmantas
- Gigante, Bruna
- Go, Alan S.
- Golay, Alain
- Grallert, Harald
- Grewal, Jagvir
- Groves, Christopher J.
- Haller, Toomas
- Hartman, Catharina A.
- Hayward, Caroline
- Herzig, Karl-Heinz
- Hillege, Hans L.
- Hunt, Steven C.
- Isaacs, Aaron
- Ittermann, Till
- Johansson, Ingegerd
- Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota
- Kinnunen, Leena
- Kratzer, Wolfgang
- Lamina, Claudia
- Leander, Karin
- Lichtner, Peter
- Lind, Lars
- Lindström, Jaana
- Lorentzon, Mattias
- Mach, François
- Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
- Mahajan, Anubha
- Menni, Cristina
- Merger, Sigrun
- Milani, Lili
- Mills, Rebecca
- Moayyeri, Alireza
- Mooijaart, Simon P.
- Mulas, Antonella
- Müller, Gabriele
- Nagaraja, Ramaiah
- Narisu, Narisu
- Nolte, Ilja M.
- Olden, Matthias
- Rayner, Nigel W.
- Rose, Lynda M.
- Sanna, Serena
- Scharnagl, Hubert
- Scholtens, Salome
- Sennblad, Bengt
- Seufferlein, Thomas
- Sitlani, Colleen M.
- Stirrups, Kathleen
- Stringham, Heather M.
- Sundström, Johan
- Swertz, Morris A.
- Tayo, Bamidele O.
- Thorand, Barbara
- Tomaschitz, Andreas
- Verweij, Niek
- Vonk, Judith M.
- Wilsgaard, Tom
- Wojczynski, Mary K.
- Wong, Andrew
- Brennan, Eoin P.
- Choi, Murim
- Eriksson, Per
- Folkersen, Lasse
- Gharavi, Ali G.
- Hedman, Åsa K.
- Hivert, Marie-France
- Huang, Jinyan
- Kanoni, Stavroula
- Karpe, Fredrik
- Kiryluk, Krzysztof
- Liang, Liming
- Lifton, Richard P.
- Ma, Baoshan
- McKnight, Amy J.
- McPherson, Ruth
- Metspalu, Andres
- Min, Josine L.
- Moffatt, Miriam F.
- Montgomery, Grant W.
- Murabito, Joanne M.
- Nyholt, Dale R.
- Olsson, Christian
- Perry, John R. B.
- Salem, Rany M.
- Sandholm, Niina
- Vallejo, Edgar E.
- Westra, Harm-Jan
- Zondervan, Krina T.
- Amouyel, Philippe
- Bakker, Stephan J. L.
- Beilby, John
- Bergman, Richard N.
- Blangero, John
- Brown, Morris J.
- Burnier, Michel
- Chakravarti, Aravinda
- Collins, Francis S.
- Crawford, Dana C.
- Danesh, John
- Dörr, Marcus
- Eriksson, Johan G.
- Farrall, Martin
- Ferrannini, Ele
- Ferrières, Jean
- Forouhi, Nita G.
- Franco, Oscar H.
- Gansevoort, Ron T.
- Gieger, Christian
- Gudnason, Vilmundur
- Haiman, Christopher A.
- Harris, Tamara B.
- Hattersley, Andrew T.
- Hicks, Andrew A.
- Hingorani, Aroon D.
- Hoffmann, Wolfgang
- Homuth, Georg
- Humphries, Steve E.
- Hyppönen, Elina
- Johansen, Berit
- Kaprio, Jaakko
- Kee, Frank
- Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M.
- Kooner, Jaspal S.
- Kooperberg, Charles
- Kovacs, Peter
- Kuulasmaa, Kari
- Lakka, Timo A.
- Langenberg, Claudia
- Lehtimäki, Terho
- Lyssenko, Valeriya
- Männistö, Satu
- Marette, André
- Matise, Tara C.
- Musk, Arthur W.
- Morris, Andrew D.
- Nelis, Mari
- Ohlsson, Claes
- Oldehinkel, Albertine J.
- Ong, Ken K.
- Palmer, Lyle J.
- Penninx, Brenda W.
- Peters, Annette
- Pramstaller, Peter P.
- Raitakari, Olli T.
- Rao, D. C.
- Rice, Treva K.
- Ridker, Paul M.
- Ritchie, Marylyn D.
- Rudan, Igor
- Salomaa, Veikko
- Samani, Nilesh J.
- Sarzynski, Mark A.
- Schwarz, Peter E. H.
- Shuldiner, Alan R.
- Staessen, Jan A.
- Stolk, Ronald P.
- Strauch, Konstantin
- Tönjes, Anke
- Tremblay, Angelo
- Tremoli, Elena
- Vohl, Marie-Claude
- Völker, Uwe
- Wilson, James F.
- Adair, Linda S.
- Bochud, Murielle
- Boehm, Bernhard O.
- Bornstein, Stefan R.
- Bouchard, Claude
- Cauchi, Stéphane
- Caulfield, Mark J.
- Chambers, John C.
- Chasman, Daniel I.
- Cooper, Richard S.
- Dedoussis, George
- Ferrucci, Luigi
- Froguel, Philippe
- Grabe, Hans-Jörgen
- Hamsten, Anders
- Hui, Jennie
- Hveem, Kristian
- Jöckel, Karl-Heinz
- Kuh, Diana
- Laakso, Markku
- März, Winfried
- Munroe, Patricia B.
- Njølstad, Inger
- Pedersen, Nancy L.
- Perola, Markus
- Peters, Ulrike
- Power, Chris
- Quertermous, Thomas
- Rivadeneira, Fernando
- Saleheen, Danish
- Sinisalo, Juha
- Snieder, Harold
- Spector, Tim D.
- Tuomilehto, Jaakko
- Uitterlinden, André G.
- Uusitupa, Matti
- Veronesi, Giovanni
- Walker, Mark
- Wareham, Nicholas J.
- Watkins, Hugh
- Wichmann, H-Erich
- Assimes, Themistocles L.
- Berndt, Sonja I.
- Boehnke, Michael
- Borecki, Ingrid B.
- Deloukas, Panos
- Franke, Lude
- Frayling, Timothy M.
- Kaplan, Robert C.
- O’Connell, Jeffrey R.
- Qi, Lu
- Strachan, David P.
- Willer, Cristen J.
- Visscher, Peter M.
- Yang, Jian
- Hirschhorn, Joel N.
- McCarthy, Mark I.
- Speliotes, Elizabeth K.
- North, Kari E.
- Fox, Caroline S.
- Barroso, Inês
- Franks, Paul W.
- Ingelsson, Erik
- Heid, Iris M.
- Loos, Ruth J. F.
- Cupples, L. Adrienne
- Morris, Andrew P.
- Lindgren, Cecilia M.
- Mohlke, Karen L
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2015-02-11
- Volume
- 518
- Issue
- 7538
- Pages
- 187-196
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4338562
- OpenAlex
- W2047783882
- Cited by
- 1,580
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 177 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 142 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 156 · 2016: 118 · 2015: 71
- FWCI
- 21.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley) (submittedVersion)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion)
- UnissResearch (Università degli Studi di Sassari) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Royal Devon and Exeter Research Repository (Royal Devon and Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa) (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- McKnight Foundation
- Pennsylvania State University (16802)
- Wellcome Trust (098017, 098381, 098498, 085235, 097117, WT098017, 100574, 084766, WT098381, WT100574, WT097117, WT084766, WT098498, WT085235)
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK_14136, 14136)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0512-10165, NF-SI-0513-10109, NF-SI-0611-10170, NF-SI-0512-10113, NF-SI-0508-10082, NF-SI-0507-10380, NF-SI-0611-10099, NF-SI-0512-10114, NF-SI-0611-10219, NF-SI-0513-10085, NF-SI-0514-10027, NF-SI-0512-10135)
- British Heart Foundation (BHF_FS/14/55/30806, FS/14/55/30806, BHF_RG/13/2/30098, RG/08/008/25291, BHF_RG/10/12/28456, BHF_RG/08/008/25291, RG/10/12/28456, BHF_RG/08/014/24067, RG/13/2/30098, RG/07/008/23674, RG/08/014/24067)
- Diabetes UK (DUK_12/0004470, 12/0004470)
- University of Leicester
- University of Warwick
- European Commission (259679)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01EO1001)
- Lundbeckfonden (R190 2014-3904)
- Turun Yliopisto
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14OC0010513, NNF12OC1016467, NNF13OC0005785, NNF15OC0016416, NNF14OC0011039, NNF13OC0005781, NNF12OC1016167, NNF11OC1014855)
- Turun Yliopistollinen Keskussairaala
- National Institutes of Health (1r01hl120393-01a1)
- Medical Research Council (MC_U106179472, MR/K013351/1, MR/K006584/1, MC_UU_12015/5, MR/N01104X/1, MC_PC_U127561128, MR/L003120/1, MR/K011480/1, MC_UP_A100_1003, MC_UU_12015/2, G0601261, MC_UP_A620_1014, G0601463, MC_UU_12011/1, MC_UU_12015/1, G1000143, G1001799)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/J023299/1, ES/F02679X/1)
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG049505, R01AG025941, R01AG033193, R01AG041517)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R00HL094535, R01-HL120393, R01HL105756, K01HL116770, R01HL117078, R01HL117626, T32HL069768, T32HL007055, R01HL109946)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA027040)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (Z01HG000024, U01HG007416, U01HG007417, U01HG007419, U01HG007376)
- National Cancer Institute (UM1CA182913, UM1CA182910, P30CA071789)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007092, T32GM067553, P30GM103341)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK078150, R01DK072193, R01DK089256, U01DK062370, R01DK107437, K23DK080145, P30DK079637, P30DK072488, P60DK020541, R01DK075787, P30DK020572, P30DK056341, R01DK093757, P30DK020541, P30DK040561, R01DK062370)
- NIH Clinical Center
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P20MD006899)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD083211)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Physical Performance
- Keywords
- body fat distribution, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, genetic loci, adipose tissue, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, insulin resistance, transcriptional regulation, sexual dimorphism, abdominal fat, cardiometabolic traits, regulatory elements
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Age Factors, Europe, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Models, Biological, Obesity, Sex Characteristics, Transcription, Genetic, Genome, Human, Body Mass Index, Adipocytes, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Epigenesis, Genetic, Racial Groups, Waist-Hip Ratio, Adipogenesis, Body Fat Distribution, Genome-Wide Association Study
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