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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution
Open accessAbstract
Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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“Interestingly, although Gao et al. use the most up-to-date BMI GWAS data, 20 they do not do the same for WHR, despite the most recent GWAS for WHR adjusted for BMI identifying 33 additional variants (as well as confirming the 14 used here from the earlier GWAS) and being published around the same time as the most up-to-date BMI GWAS.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
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“In both GWAS, the results of the per allele effect of the genetic instrument on WHR adjusted for BMI is notably stronger in females than males.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
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“Seven of the 14 WHR adjusted for BMI variants used by Gao and colleagues were stronger in females compared with males ( Table 2 ), with 19 of the 44 variants in the more up-to-date GWAS being stronger in females (and one stronger in males).”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
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ResultSelf-citationNoordam, R., Bos, M. M., Wang, H., Winkler, T. W., Bentley, A. R., Kilpeläinen, T. O., de Vries, P. S., Sung, Y. J., Schwander, K., Cade, B. E., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12958-0 · Cited by 80
Self-citationGenetic insights into therapeutic targets for aortic aneurysms: A Mendelian randomization study
Chen, Y., Xu, X. P., Wang, L., Li, K., Sun, Y., Xiao, L., Dai, J., Huang, M., Wang, Y., & Wang, D. W. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104199 · Cited by 82
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“We selected SNPs that were associated with waist circumference [20], waist circumference adjusted for BMI [20], BMI [21], dietary habits, smoking behaviors [22, 23], alcohol per week [22], and sedentary behavior [24] at the genome-wide significance threshold (P < 5 × 10–8).”
deTS : tissue-specific enrichment analysis to decode tissue specificity
Pei, G., Dai, Y., Zhao, Z., & Jia, P. (2019) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz138 · Cited by 82
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Analysis of Shared Heritability in Common Disorders of the Brain
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“ADHD – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD – autism spectrum disorder; ICH – intracerebral hemorrhage; MDD – major depressive disorder; OCD – obsessive-compulsive disorder; PTSD – post-traumatic stress disorder; BMI – body-mass index.”
BackgroundInfluentialRole of Adiponectin in Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Borges, M. C., Lawlor, D. A., de Oliveira, C. M., White, J., Horta, B. L., & Barros, A. J. D. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308716 · Cited by 82
The genomic landscape of African populations in health and disease
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Big Data and medicine: a big deal?
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Self-citationHuman Genetics of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ingelsson, E., & McCarthy, M. I. (2018) · Circulation Genomic and Precision Medicine · doi:10.1161/circgen.118.002090 · Cited by 86
Self-citationDiscovery and Fine-Mapping of Glycaemic and Obesity-Related Trait Loci Using High-Density Imputation
Horikoshi, M., Mägi, R., van de Bunt, M., Surakka, I. L., Sarin, A., Mahajan, A., Marullo, L., Þorleifsson, G., Hägg, S., Hottenga, J., et al. (2015) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005230 · Cited by 81
“More recently, both signals have also been reported by large-scale meta-analyses undertaken by the GIANT Consortium [27].”
InfluentialSelf-citationWalford, G. A., Gustafsson, S., Rybin, D. V., Stančáková, A., Chen, H., Liu, C., Hong, J., Jensen, R. A., Rice, K. M., Morris, A. P., et al. (2016) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-0199 · Cited by 77
Self-citationStrawbridge, R. J., Ward, J., Cullen, B., Tunbridge, E. M., Hartz, S. M., Bierut, L. J., Horton, A. C., Bailey, M. E. S., Graham, N., Ferguson, A., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0079-1 · Cited by 82
Self-citationJi, X., Bossé, Y., Landi, M. T., Gui, J., Xiao, X., Qian, D. C., Joubert, P., Lamontagne, M., Li, Y., Gorlov, I. P., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05074-y · Cited by 83
Self-citationDetailed phenotyping identifies genes with pleiotropic effects on body composition
Bolormaa, S., Hayes, B. J., van der Werf, J. H. J., Pethick, D. W., Goddard, M. E., & Daetwyler, H. D. (2016) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2538-0 · Cited by 81
“near 23 SNPlead or SNPs highly significantly associated with linear indices derived from the SNPlead), 3 (LCAT, FADS and PLAG1) were also highly significant and had similar effects in a multitrait analysis of beef cattle [27].”
BackgroundResultRaulerson, C. K., Ko, A., Kidd, J., Currin, K. W., Brotman, S. M., Cannon, M. E., Wu, Y., Spracklen, C. N., Jackson, A., Stringham, H. M., et al. (2019) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.001 · Cited by 75
Self-citationA big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice
Corrigan, J. K., Ramachandran, D., He, Y., Palmer, C. J., Jurczak, M. J., Chen, R., Li, B., Friedline, R. H., Kim, J. K., Ramsey, J. J., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.53560 · Cited by 86
Self-citationA sex-specific genome-wide association study of depression phenotypes in UK Biobank
Silveira, P. P., Pokhvisneva, I., Howard, D. M., & Meaney, M. J. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-01960-0 · Cited by 86
“BMAL1, a critical regulator of circadian rhythms [66], was highly enriched amongst the genes from both the male-and female-speci fi c GWASs (Supplementary Data S6A, B).”
BackgroundNolte, I. M., van der Most, P. J., Alizadeh, B. Z., de Bakker, P. I. W., Boezen, H. M., Bruinenberg, M., Franke, L., van der Harst, P., Navis, G. J., Postma, D. S., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2017.50 · Cited by 83
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Self-citationAngiopoietin-2 in white adipose tissue improves metabolic homeostasis through enhanced angiogenesis
An, Y., Sun, K., Joffin, N., Zhang, F., Deng, Y., Donzé, O., Kusminski, C. M., & Scherer, P. E. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.24071 · Cited by 77
“In humans, a meta-analysis demonstrated an association between angiogenesis and insulin sensitivity, showing that a chronic insufficiency in tissue vascularization contributes to insulin resistance (Shungin et al., 2015).”
BackgroundPerspectives in polycystic ovary syndrome: From hair to eternity
Dunaif, A. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3780 · Cited by 87
Childhood obesity leads to adult type 2 diabetes and coronary artery diseases
Fang, X., Zuo, J., Zhou, J., Cai, J., Chen, C., Xiang, E., Li, H., Cheng, X., & Chen, P. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000016825 · Cited by 78
“3 Consortium (MAGIC) for fasting glucose (n=46,186),([28]) 2-hour glucose (n=15,234),([29]) log-transformed HOMA of beta-cell function (log HOMA-B, n=46,186),([28]) log-transformed HOMA of insulin resistance (log HOMA-IR, n=46,186),([28]) log-transformed fasting insulin (n=46,186),([28]) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, n=4…”
BackgroundZhu, Z., Hasegawa, K., Ma, B., Fujiogi, M., Camargo, C. A., & Liang, L. (2020) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154345 · Cited by 80
“In brief, we retrieved the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of BMI (nmax = 322,154) [27], BMIadjusted waist circumference (nmax = 231,355) [28], and BMI-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (nmax = 210,086) [28] from the GIANT consortium data as an independent base dataset.”
Self-citationSexual dimorphisms in genetic loci linked to body fat distribution
Pulit, S. L., Karaderi, T., & Lindgren, C. M. (2017) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20160184 · Cited by 82
Self-citationOverall and abdominal obesity in relation to venous thromboembolism
Yuan, S., Bruzelius, M., Xiong, Y., Håkansson, N., Åkesson, A., & Larsson, S. C. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15168 · Cited by 78
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Differential effects of PCSK9 variants on risk of coronary disease and ischaemic stroke
Hopewell, J. C., Malik, R., Valdés‐Márquez, E., Worrall, B. B., & Collins, R. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx373 · Cited by 77
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Self-citationHinney, A., Kesselmeier, M., Jall, S., Volckmar, A., Föcker, M., Antel, J., GCAN, Perica, V. B., Franklin, C. S., Floyd, J. A. B., et al. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.71 · Cited by 78
“…hoc we also analyzed genome-wide signi fi cant loci for BMI, obesity, childhood obesity not originally described in Locke et al. 13 (reviewed in Yazdi et al. 41 ) and 68 genome-wide signi fi cant loci for WHR derived from a European GWAMA primary analysis (GIANT 21 ) in the GWAMA for AN (GCAN 10 ).”
Self-citationSignatures of archaic adaptive introgression in present-day human populations
Racimo, F., Marnetto, D., & Huerta-Sánchez, E. (2016) · doi:10.1101/045237 · Cited by 200
A Body Shape Index (ABSI), hip index, and risk of cancer in the UK Biobank cohort
Christakoudi, S., Tsilidis, K. K., Εvangelou, Ε., & Ríboli, E. (2021) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.4097 · Cited by 72
Li, L., Yin, J., Cheng, H., Wang, Y., Gao, S., Li, M., Grant, S. F. A., Mi, J., Li, M., & Li, M. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3760 · Cited by 74
“Fourth, we just opened the door to explore the genetic evidence of MHO, by selecting only 22 SNPs related with BMI, diabetes, or birth weight; in future study, more attention should be paid to the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms regulating the function of adipose tissue (40).”
BackgroundGenetic Mechanisms Leading to Sex Differences Across Common Diseases and Anthropometric Traits
Traglia, M., Bseiso, D. N. F., Gusev, A., Adviento, B., Park, D., Mefford, J., Zaitlen, N., & Weiss, L. A. (2016) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.116.193623 · Cited by 72
“We studied nine common, complex diseases from theWTCCC studies (WTCCC 2007; Evans et al. 2011; Sawcer et al. 2011), and nine anthropometric traits from the GIANT studies (Randall et al. 2013; Shungin et al. 2015), to capture a variety of sex biases (or lack thereof).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- The ADIPOGen Consortium, Shungin, D., The CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium, The CKDGen Consortium, The GEFOS Consortium, The GENIE Consortium, The, G. L. G. C., The, I. C. B. P., The International Endogene Consortium, Study, T. L. C., The MAGIC Investigators, The MuTHER Consortium, The PAGE Consortium, The ReproGen Consortium, Winkler, T. W., Croteau-Chonka, D. C., Ferreira, T., Locke, A. E., Mägi, R., Strawbridge, R. J., Pers, T. H., Fischer, K., Justice, A. E., Workalemahu, T., Wu, J. M. W., Buchkovich, M. L., Heard-Costa, N. L., Roman, T. S., Drong, A. W., Song, C., Gustafsson, S., Day, F. R., Esko, T., Fall, T., Kutalik, Z., Luan, J., Randall, J. C., Scherag, A., Vedantam, S., Wood, A. R., Chen, J., Fehrmann, R., Karjalainen, J., Kahali, B., Liu, C.-T., Schmidt, E. M., Absher, D., Amin, N., Anderson, D., Beekman, M., Bragg-Gresham, J. L., Buyske, S., Demirkan, A., Ehret, G. B., Feitosa, M. F., Goel, A., Jackson, A. U., Johnson, T., Kleber, M. E., Kristiansson, K., Mangino, M., Mateo Leach, I., Medina-Gomez, C., Palmer, C. D., Pasko, D., Pechlivanis, S., Peters, M. J., Prokopenko, I., Stančáková, A., Ju Sung, Y., Tanaka, T., Teumer, A., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J. V., Yengo, L., Zhang, W., Albrecht, E., Ärnlöv, J., Arscott, G. M., Bandinelli, S., Barrett, A., Bellis, C., Bennett, A. J., Berne, C., Blüher, M., Böhringer, S., Bonnet, F., Böttcher, Y., Bruinenberg, M., Carba, D. B., Caspersen, I. H., Clarke, R., Warwick Daw, E., Deelen, J., Deelman, E., Delgado, G., Doney, A. S. F., Eklund, N., Erdos, M. R., Estrada, K., Eury, E., Friedrich, N., Garcia, M. E., Giedraitis, V., Gigante, B., Go, A. S., Golay, A., Grallert, H., Grammer, T. B., Gräßler, J., Grewal, J., Groves, C. J., Haller, T., Hallmans, G., Hartman, C. A., Hassinen, M., Hayward, C., Heikkilä, K., Herzig, K.-H., Helmer, Q., Hillege, H. L., Holmen, O., Hunt, S. C., Isaacs, A., Ittermann, T., James, A. L., Johansson, I., Juliusdottir, T., Kalafati, I.-P., Kinnunen, L., Koenig, W., Kooner, I. K., Kratzer, W., Lamina, C., Leander, K., Lee, N. R., Lichtner, P., Lind, L., Lindström, J., Lobbens, S., Lorentzon, M., Mach, F., Magnusson, P. K. E., Mahajan, A., McArdle, W. L., Menni, C., Merger, S., Mihailov, E., Milani, L., Mills, R., Moayyeri, A., Monda, K. L., Mooijaart, S. P., Mühleisen, T. W., Mulas, A., Müller, G., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Nagaraja, R., Nalls, M. A., Narisu, N., Glorioso, N., Nolte, I. M., Olden, M., Rayner, N. W., Renstrom, F., Ried, J. S., Robertson, N. R., Rose, L. M., Sanna, S., Scharnagl, H., Scholtens, S., Sennblad, B., Seufferlein, T., Sitlani, C. M., Vernon Smith, A., Stirrups, K., Stringham, H. M., Sundström, J., Swertz, M. A., Swift, A. J., Syvänen, A.-C., Tayo, B. O., Thorand, B., Thorleifsson, G., Tomaschitz, A., Troffa, C., van Oort, F. V. A., Verweij, N., Vonk, J. M., Waite, L. L., Wennauer, R., Wilsgaard, T., Wojczynski, M. K., Wong, A., Zhang, Q., Hua Zhao, J., Brennan, E. P., Choi, M., Eriksson, P., Folkersen, L., Franco-Cereceda, A., Gharavi, A. G., Hedman, Å. K., Hivert, M.-F., Huang, J., Kanoni, S., Karpe, F., Keildson, S., Kiryluk, K., Liang, L., Lifton, R. P., Ma, B., McKnight, A. J., McPherson, R., Metspalu, A., Min, J. L., Moffatt, M. F., Montgomery, G. W., Murabito, J. M., Nicholson, G., Nyholt, D. R., Olsson, C., Perry, J. R. B., Reinmaa, E., Salem, R. M., Sandholm, N., Schadt, E. E., Scott, R. A., Stolk, L., Vallejo, E. E., Westra, H.-J., Zondervan, K. T., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Bakker, S. J. L., Beilby, J., Bergman, R. N., Blangero, J., Brown, M. J., Burnier, M., Campbell, H., Chakravarti, A., Chines, P. S., Claudi-Boehm, S., Collins, F. S., Crawford, D. C., Danesh, J., de Faire, U., de Geus, E. J. C., Dörr, M., Erbel, R., Eriksson, J. G., Farrall, M., Ferrannini, E., Ferrières, J., Forouhi, N. G., Forrester, T., Franco, O. H., Gansevoort, R. T., Gieger, C., Gudnason, V., Haiman, C. A., Harris, T. B., Hattersley, A. T., Heliövaara, M., Hicks, A. A., Hingorani, A. D., Hoffmann, W., Hofman, A., Homuth, G., Humphries, S. E., Hyppönen, E., Illig, T., Jarvelin, M.-R., Johansen, B., Jousilahti, P., Jula, A. M., Kaprio, J., Kee, F., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M., Kooner, J. S., Kooperberg, C., Kovacs, P., Kraja, A. T., Kumari, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Kuusisto, J., Lakka, T. A., Langenberg, C., Le Marchand, L., Lehtimäki, T., Lyssenko, V., Männistö, S., Marette, A., Matise, T. C., McKenzie, C. A., McKnight, B., Musk, A. W., Möhlenkamp, S., Morris, A. D., Nelis, M., Ohlsson, C., Oldehinkel, A. J., Ong, K. K., Palmer, L. J., Penninx, B. W., Peters, A., Pramstaller, P. P., Raitakari, O. T., Rankinen, T., Rao, D. C., Rice, T. K., Ridker, P. M., Ritchie, M. D., Rudan, I., Salomaa, V., Samani, N. J., Saramies, J., Sarzynski, M. A., Schwarz, P. E. H., Shuldiner, A. R., Staessen, J. A., Steinthorsdottir, V., Stolk, R. P., Strauch, K., Tönjes, A., Tremblay, A., Tremoli, E., Vohl, M.-C., Völker, U., Vollenweider, P., Wilson, J. F., Witteman, J. C., Adair, L. S., Bochud, M., Boehm, B. O., Bornstein, S. R., Bouchard, C., Cauchi, S., Caulfield, M. J., Chambers, J. C., Chasman, D. I., Cooper, R. S., Dedoussis, G., Ferrucci, L., Froguel, P., Grabe, H.-J., Hamsten, A., Hui, J., Hveem, K., Jöckel, K.-H., Kivimaki, M., Kuh, D., Laakso, M., Liu, Y., März, W., Munroe, P. B., Njølstad, I., Oostra, B. A., Palmer, C. N. A., Pedersen, N. L., Perola, M., Pérusse, L., Peters, U., Power, C., Quertermous, T., Rauramaa, R., Rivadeneira, F., Saaristo, T. E., Saleheen, D., Sinisalo, J., Eline Slagboom, P., Snieder, H., Spector, T. D., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Stumvoll, M., Tuomilehto, J., Uitterlinden, A. G., Uusitupa, M., van der Harst, P., Veronesi, G., Walker, M., Wareham, N. J., Watkins, H., Wichmann, H.-E., Abecasis, G. R., Assimes, T. L., Berndt, S. I., Boehnke, M., Borecki, I. B., Deloukas, P., Franke, L., Frayling, T. M., Groop, L. C., Hunter, D. J., Kaplan, R. C., O’Connell, J. R., Qi, L., Schlessinger, D., Strachan, D. P., Stefansson, K., van Duijn, C. M., Willer, C. J., Visscher, P. M., Yang, J., Hirschhorn, J. N., Carola Zillikens, M., McCarthy, M. I., Speliotes, E. K., North, K. E., Fox, C. S., Barroso, I., Franks, P. W., Ingelsson, E., Heid, I. M., Loos, R. J. F., Cupples, L. A., Morris, A. P., Lindgren, C. M., & Mohlke, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- University of Regensburg (DE)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (CH)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze (IT)
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Dalarna University (SE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
- Western General Hospital (GB)
- University of Utah (US)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- University Hospital Ulm (DE)
- Harokopio University of Athens (GR)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust (GB)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- University of Sassari (IT)
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IT)
- University of Washington (US)
- Science for Life Laboratory (SE)
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (GB)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- Université de Strasbourg (FR)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Essen University Hospital (DE)
- University of the West Indies (JM)
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Eurac Research (IT)
- University College London (GB)
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
- Tampere University (FI)
- Steno Diabetes Centers (DK)
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (AU)
- University of Dundee (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Université de Lille (FR)
- University of London (GB)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (DE)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Finnish Diabetes Association (FI)
- deCODE Genetics (Iceland) (IS)
- University of Insubria (IT)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lindgren, Cecilia M.
- Mohlke, Karen L
- ORCID
- Shungin, Dmitry
- Winkler, Thomas W.
- Ferreira, Teresa
- Locke, Adam E.
- Mägi, Reedik
- Strawbridge, Rona J.
- Pers, Tune H.
- Fischer, Krista
- Justice, Anne E.
- Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie
- Wu, Joseph M. W.
- Buchkovich, Martin L.
- Roman, Tamara S.
- Song, Ci
- Gustafsson, Stefan
- Day, Felix R.
- Fall, Tove
- Kutalik, Zoltán
- Luan, Jian’an
- Scherag, André
- Vedantam, Sailaja
- Wood, Andrew R.
- Fehrmann, Rudolf
- Karjalainen, Juha
- Kahali, Bratati
- Schmidt, Ellen M.
- Amin, Najaf
- Anderson, Denise
- Beekman, Marian
- Buyske, Steven
- Ehret, Georg B.
- Feitosa, Mary F.
- Goel, Anuj
- Jackson, Anne U.
- Johnson, Toby
- Kleber, Marcus E.
- Kristiansson, Kati
- Mangino, Massimo
- Palmer, Cameron D.
- Pechlivanis, Sonali
- Peters, Marjolein J.
- Prokopenko, Inga
- Tanaka, Toshiko
- Teumer, Alexander
- Yengo, Loïc
- Zhang, Weihua
- Ärnlöv, Johan
- Arscott, Gillian M.
- Bandinelli, Stefania
- Bellis, Claire
- Bennett, Amanda J.
- Blüher, Matthias
- Böhringer, Stefan
- Bonnet, Fabrice
- Böttcher, Yvonne
- Carba, Delia B.
- Caspersen, Ida H.
- Deelen, Joris
- Deelman, Ewa
- Doney, Alex S. F.
- Erdos, Michael R.
- Estrada, Karol
- Giedraitis, Vilmantas
- Gigante, Bruna
- Go, Alan S.
- Golay, Alain
- Grallert, Harald
- Grewal, Jagvir
- Groves, Christopher J.
- Haller, Toomas
- Hartman, Catharina A.
- Hayward, Caroline
- Herzig, Karl-Heinz
- Hillege, Hans L.
- Hunt, Steven C.
- Isaacs, Aaron
- Ittermann, Till
- Johansson, Ingegerd
- Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota
- Kinnunen, Leena
- Kratzer, Wolfgang
- Lamina, Claudia
- Leander, Karin
- Lichtner, Peter
- Lind, Lars
- Lindström, Jaana
- Lorentzon, Mattias
- Mach, François
- Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
- Mahajan, Anubha
- Menni, Cristina
- Merger, Sigrun
- Milani, Lili
- Mills, Rebecca
- Moayyeri, Alireza
- Mooijaart, Simon P.
- Mulas, Antonella
- Müller, Gabriele
- Nagaraja, Ramaiah
- Narisu, Narisu
- Nolte, Ilja M.
- Olden, Matthias
- Rayner, Nigel W.
- Rose, Lynda M.
- Sanna, Serena
- Scharnagl, Hubert
- Scholtens, Salome
- Sennblad, Bengt
- Seufferlein, Thomas
- Sitlani, Colleen M.
- Stirrups, Kathleen
- Stringham, Heather M.
- Sundström, Johan
- Swertz, Morris A.
- Tayo, Bamidele O.
- Thorand, Barbara
- Tomaschitz, Andreas
- Verweij, Niek
- Vonk, Judith M.
- Wilsgaard, Tom
- Wojczynski, Mary K.
- Wong, Andrew
- Brennan, Eoin P.
- Choi, Murim
- Eriksson, Per
- Folkersen, Lasse
- Gharavi, Ali G.
- Hedman, Åsa K.
- Hivert, Marie-France
- Huang, Jinyan
- Kanoni, Stavroula
- Karpe, Fredrik
- Kiryluk, Krzysztof
- Liang, Liming
- Lifton, Richard P.
- Ma, Baoshan
- McKnight, Amy J.
- McPherson, Ruth
- Metspalu, Andres
- Min, Josine L.
- Moffatt, Miriam F.
- Montgomery, Grant W.
- Murabito, Joanne M.
- Nyholt, Dale R.
- Olsson, Christian
- Perry, John R. B.
- Salem, Rany M.
- Sandholm, Niina
- Vallejo, Edgar E.
- Westra, Harm-Jan
- Zondervan, Krina T.
- Amouyel, Philippe
- Bakker, Stephan J. L.
- Beilby, John
- Bergman, Richard N.
- Blangero, John
- Brown, Morris J.
- Burnier, Michel
- Chakravarti, Aravinda
- Collins, Francis S.
- Crawford, Dana C.
- Danesh, John
- Dörr, Marcus
- Eriksson, Johan G.
- Farrall, Martin
- Ferrannini, Ele
- Ferrières, Jean
- Forouhi, Nita G.
- Franco, Oscar H.
- Gansevoort, Ron T.
- Gieger, Christian
- Gudnason, Vilmundur
- Haiman, Christopher A.
- Harris, Tamara B.
- Hattersley, Andrew T.
- Hicks, Andrew A.
- Hingorani, Aroon D.
- Hoffmann, Wolfgang
- Homuth, Georg
- Humphries, Steve E.
- Hyppönen, Elina
- Johansen, Berit
- Kaprio, Jaakko
- Kee, Frank
- Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M.
- Kooner, Jaspal S.
- Kooperberg, Charles
- Kovacs, Peter
- Kuulasmaa, Kari
- Lakka, Timo A.
- Langenberg, Claudia
- Lehtimäki, Terho
- Lyssenko, Valeriya
- Männistö, Satu
- Marette, André
- Matise, Tara C.
- Musk, Arthur W.
- Morris, Andrew D.
- Nelis, Mari
- Ohlsson, Claes
- Oldehinkel, Albertine J.
- Ong, Ken K.
- Palmer, Lyle J.
- Penninx, Brenda W.
- Peters, Annette
- Pramstaller, Peter P.
- Raitakari, Olli T.
- Rao, D. C.
- Rice, Treva K.
- Ridker, Paul M.
- Ritchie, Marylyn D.
- Rudan, Igor
- Salomaa, Veikko
- Samani, Nilesh J.
- Sarzynski, Mark A.
- Schwarz, Peter E. H.
- Shuldiner, Alan R.
- Staessen, Jan A.
- Stolk, Ronald P.
- Strauch, Konstantin
- Tönjes, Anke
- Tremblay, Angelo
- Tremoli, Elena
- Vohl, Marie-Claude
- Völker, Uwe
- Wilson, James F.
- Adair, Linda S.
- Bochud, Murielle
- Boehm, Bernhard O.
- Bornstein, Stefan R.
- Bouchard, Claude
- Cauchi, Stéphane
- Caulfield, Mark J.
- Chambers, John C.
- Chasman, Daniel I.
- Cooper, Richard S.
- Dedoussis, George
- Ferrucci, Luigi
- Froguel, Philippe
- Grabe, Hans-Jörgen
- Hamsten, Anders
- Hui, Jennie
- Hveem, Kristian
- Jöckel, Karl-Heinz
- Kuh, Diana
- Laakso, Markku
- März, Winfried
- Munroe, Patricia B.
- Njølstad, Inger
- Pedersen, Nancy L.
- Perola, Markus
- Peters, Ulrike
- Power, Chris
- Quertermous, Thomas
- Rivadeneira, Fernando
- Saleheen, Danish
- Sinisalo, Juha
- Snieder, Harold
- Spector, Tim D.
- Tuomilehto, Jaakko
- Uitterlinden, André G.
- Uusitupa, Matti
- Veronesi, Giovanni
- Walker, Mark
- Wareham, Nicholas J.
- Watkins, Hugh
- Wichmann, H-Erich
- Assimes, Themistocles L.
- Berndt, Sonja I.
- Boehnke, Michael
- Borecki, Ingrid B.
- Deloukas, Panos
- Franke, Lude
- Frayling, Timothy M.
- Kaplan, Robert C.
- O’Connell, Jeffrey R.
- Qi, Lu
- Strachan, David P.
- Willer, Cristen J.
- Visscher, Peter M.
- Yang, Jian
- Hirschhorn, Joel N.
- McCarthy, Mark I.
- Speliotes, Elizabeth K.
- North, Kari E.
- Fox, Caroline S.
- Barroso, Inês
- Franks, Paul W.
- Ingelsson, Erik
- Heid, Iris M.
- Loos, Ruth J. F.
- Cupples, L. Adrienne
- Morris, Andrew P.
- Lindgren, Cecilia M.
- Mohlke, Karen L
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2015-02-11
- Volume
- 518
- Issue
- 7538
- Pages
- 187-196
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4338562
- OpenAlex
- W2047783882
- Cited by
- 1,580
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 177 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 142 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 156 · 2016: 118 · 2015: 71
- FWCI
- 21.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
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- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley) (submittedVersion)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
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- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion)
- UnissResearch (Università degli Studi di Sassari) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
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- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
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- BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- McKnight Foundation
- Pennsylvania State University (16802)
- Wellcome Trust (098017, 098381, 098498, 085235, 097117, WT098017, 100574, 084766, WT098381, WT100574, WT097117, WT084766, WT098498, WT085235)
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK_14136, 14136)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0512-10165, NF-SI-0513-10109, NF-SI-0611-10170, NF-SI-0512-10113, NF-SI-0508-10082, NF-SI-0507-10380, NF-SI-0611-10099, NF-SI-0512-10114, NF-SI-0611-10219, NF-SI-0513-10085, NF-SI-0514-10027, NF-SI-0512-10135)
- British Heart Foundation (BHF_FS/14/55/30806, FS/14/55/30806, BHF_RG/13/2/30098, RG/08/008/25291, BHF_RG/10/12/28456, BHF_RG/08/008/25291, RG/10/12/28456, BHF_RG/08/014/24067, RG/13/2/30098, RG/07/008/23674, RG/08/014/24067)
- Diabetes UK (DUK_12/0004470, 12/0004470)
- University of Leicester
- University of Warwick
- European Commission (259679)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01EO1001)
- Lundbeckfonden (R190 2014-3904)
- Turun Yliopisto
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14OC0010513, NNF12OC1016467, NNF13OC0005785, NNF15OC0016416, NNF14OC0011039, NNF13OC0005781, NNF12OC1016167, NNF11OC1014855)
- Turun Yliopistollinen Keskussairaala
- National Institutes of Health (1r01hl120393-01a1)
- Medical Research Council (MC_U106179472, MR/K013351/1, MR/K006584/1, MC_UU_12015/5, MR/N01104X/1, MC_PC_U127561128, MR/L003120/1, MR/K011480/1, MC_UP_A100_1003, MC_UU_12015/2, G0601261, MC_UP_A620_1014, G0601463, MC_UU_12011/1, MC_UU_12015/1, G1000143, G1001799)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/J023299/1, ES/F02679X/1)
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG049505, R01AG025941, R01AG033193, R01AG041517)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R00HL094535, R01-HL120393, R01HL105756, K01HL116770, R01HL117078, R01HL117626, T32HL069768, T32HL007055, R01HL109946)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA027040)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (Z01HG000024, U01HG007416, U01HG007417, U01HG007419, U01HG007376)
- National Cancer Institute (UM1CA182913, UM1CA182910, P30CA071789)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007092, T32GM067553, P30GM103341)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK078150, R01DK072193, R01DK089256, U01DK062370, R01DK107437, K23DK080145, P30DK079637, P30DK072488, P60DK020541, R01DK075787, P30DK020572, P30DK056341, R01DK093757, P30DK020541, P30DK040561, R01DK062370)
- NIH Clinical Center
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P20MD006899)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD083211)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Physical Performance
- Keywords
- body fat distribution, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, genetic loci, adipose tissue, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, insulin resistance, transcriptional regulation, sexual dimorphism, abdominal fat, cardiometabolic traits, regulatory elements
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Age Factors, Europe, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Models, Biological, Obesity, Sex Characteristics, Transcription, Genetic, Genome, Human, Body Mass Index, Adipocytes, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Epigenesis, Genetic, Racial Groups, Waist-Hip Ratio, Adipogenesis, Body Fat Distribution, Genome-Wide Association Study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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