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Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded Human Microbiome Project
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The characterization of baseline microbial and functional diversity in the human microbiome has enabled studies of microbiome-related disease, diversity, biogeography, and molecular function. The National Institutes of Health Human Microbiome Project has provided one of the broadest such characterizations so far. Here we introduce a second wave of data from the study, comprising 1,631 new metagenomes (2,355 total) targeting diverse body sites with multiple time points in 265 individuals. We applied updated profiling and assembly methods to provide new characterizations of microbiome personalization. Strain identification revealed subspecies clades specific to body sites; it also quantified species with phylogenetic diversity under-represented in isolate genomes. Body-wide functional profiling classified pathways into universal, human-enriched, and body site-enriched subsets. Finally, temporal analysis decomposed microbial variation into rapidly variable, moderately variable, and stable subsets. This study furthers our knowledge of baseline human microbial diversity and enables an understanding of personalized microbiome function and dynamics.
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“Comparative genomic analyses usually test for correlations between traits.”
From A phylogenetic approach to comparative genomics (2025) · cites this paper as [77]
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“While our inherited genome is essentially stable for the lifetime of the host, the microbiome is immensely diverse (Mosca et al., 2016;Pasolli et al., 2019), dynamic (Lloyd-Price et al., 2017), and responsive to external input, enhancing its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Lloyd-Price et al., 2017
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“Despite the low number of samples, these results suggest that the environment has more influence on the gut microbiome than the pathological condition, which is in accordance with recent findings 22,23 .”
From Healthspan and lifespan extension by fecal microbiota transplantation into progeroid mice (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
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“Most of the bacterial communities found in the tumoral milieu are present commonly in the gut microbiome (Human Microbiome Project, 2012b; Lloyd-Price et al., 2017)”
From Tumor Microbiome Diversity and Composition Influence Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as Lloyd-Price et al., 2017
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“Studies of both a baseline adult population21–23 and ‘demonstration’ populations with specific disease states established typical ranges (for some populations) of microbial membership and enzymatic repertoires across the body, combinations of metabolic functions that were either prevalent or strain-specific, and some of the host factors (such as race or ethnicity) that determine this variation.”
From The Integrative Human Microbiome Project (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lloyd-Price, J., Mahurkar, A., Rahnavard, G., Crabtree, J., Orvis, J., Hall, A. B., Brady, A., Creasy, H. H., McCracken, C., Giglio, M. G., McDonald, D., Franzosa, E. A., Knight, R., White, O., & Huttenhower, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huttenhower, Curtis
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2017-09-20
- Volume
- 550
- Issue
- 7674
- Pages
- 61-66
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC5831082
- OpenAlex
- W2756958651
- Cited by
- 1,267
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 91 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 150 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 165 · 2021: 195 · 2020: 160 · 2019: 168 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 47.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2017-10-12)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Human Genome Research Institute (U54HG004969, U54HG003079, U01HG004866, U01HG006537, R01HG004872, U54HG004968, U54HG004973)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U54AI084844)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U54DK102557, P30DK043351)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- human microbiome, metagenomics, Human Microbiome Project, microbial diversity, strain identification, phylogenetic diversity, functional profiling, pathway enrichment, temporal dynamics
- MeSH terms
- Humans, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Organ Specificity, Phylogeny, Time Factors, United States, Metagenome, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Microbiota, Datasets as Topic
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