Colonic transit time is related to bacterial metabolism and mucosal turnover in the gut
Abstract
Little is known about how colonic transit time relates to human colonic metabolism and its importance for host health, although a firm stool consistency, a proxy for a long colonic transit time, has recently been positively associated with gut microbial richness. Here, we show that colonic transit time in humans, assessed using radio-opaque markers, is associated with overall gut microbial composition, diversity and metabolism. We find that a long colonic transit time associates with high microbial richness and is accompanied by a shift in colonic metabolism from carbohydrate fermentation to protein catabolism as reflected by higher urinary levels of potentially deleterious protein-derived metabolites. Additionally, shorter colonic transit time correlates with metabolites possibly reflecting increased renewal of the colonic mucosa. Together, this suggests that a high gut microbial richness does not per se imply a healthy gut microbial ecosystem and points at colonic transit time as a highly important factor to consider in microbiome and metabolomics studies.
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In adults with no prior GI disorders, several studies find that longer colonic transit times go with greater fecal microbiome richness and diversity.
“Several studies have reported a positive relationship between prolonged colon transit times, with increased richness and diversity of the fecal microbiome in adults without prior history of GI disorders160,161.”
From The gut Microbiome in adult and pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (2019) · cites this paper as [160]
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- Authors
- Roager, H. M., Hansen, L. B. S., Bahl, M. I., Frandsen, H. L., Carvalho, V., Gøbel, R. J., Dalgaard, M. D., Plichta, D. R., Sparholt, M. H., Vestergaard, H., Hansen, T., Sicheritz-Pontén, T., Nielsen, H. B., Pedersen, O., Lauritzen, L., Kristensen, M., Gupta, R., & Licht, T. R.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Bispebjerg Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Licht, Tine R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Microbiology
- Published
- 2016-06-27
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 16093-16093
- ISSN
- 2058-5276 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2462759270
- Cited by
- 449
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 16.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Digestive system and related health
- Keywords
- colonic transit time, gut microbiota, microbial richness, colonic metabolism, carbohydrate fermentation, protein degradation, urinary metabolites, stool consistency, radio-opaque markers, gut health
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Aged, Colon, Feces, Female, Fermentation, Gastrointestinal Transit, Humans, Male, Metabolism, Middle Aged, Mucous Membrane, Proteins, Reproducibility of Results, Biomarkers, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Metabolome, Young Adult
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