The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A temporary, moderate and responsive scenario for solar geoengineering
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems
Geels, F. W. (2004) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.015 · Cited by 4,098
A question of balance: weighing the options on global warming policies
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-1603 · Cited by 1,237
Nordhaus, W. D. (2008) · Yale University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt1npzkh · Cited by 1,125
Meinshausen, M., Raper, S. C. B., & Wigley, T. M. L. (2011) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-11-1417-2011 · Cited by 876
Changes in Ecologically Critical Terrestrial Climate Conditions
Diffenbaugh, N. S., & Field, C. B. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1237123 · Cited by 676
Dispersal will limit ability of mammals to track climate change in the Western Hemisphere
Schloss, C. A., Nuñez, T. A., & Lawler, J. J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116791109 · Cited by 619
Influence of CO2 emission rates on the stability of the thermohaline circulation
Stocker, T. F., & Schmittner, A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42224 · Cited by 570
The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
Kravitz, B., Robock, A. D., Boucher, O., Schmidt, H., Taylor, K. E., Stenchikov, G. L., & Schulz, M. (2011) · Atmospheric Science Letters · doi:10.1002/asl.316 · Cited by 468
20 reasons why geoengineering may be a bad idea
Robock, A. D., Jerch, K., & Bunzl, M. (2008) · Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists · doi:10.2968/064002006 · Cited by 461
A Combined Mitigation-Geoengineering Approach to Climate Stabilization
Wigley, T. M. L. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1131728 · Cited by 440
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A structural polymer for highly efficient all-day passive radiative cooling
Wang, T., Wu, Y. R., Shi, L., Hu, X., Chen, M., & Wu, L. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20646-7 · Cited by 858
The many possible climates from the Paris Agreement’s aim of 1.5 °C warming
Seneviratne, S. I., Rogelj, J., Séférian, R., Wartenburger, R., Allen, M. R., Cain, M. L., Millar, R. J., Ebi, K. L., Ellis, N. R., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0181-4 · Cited by 214
Solar geoengineering as part of an overall strategy for meeting the 1.5°C Paris target
MacMartin, D. G., Ricke, K., & Keith, D. W. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0454 · Cited by 212
Self-citationSimpson, I. R., Tilmes, S., Richter, J. H., Kravitz, B., MacMartin, D. G., Mills, M. J., Fasullo, J. T., & Pendergrass, A. G. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2019jd031093 · Cited by 202
Self-citationStratospheric solar geoengineering without ozone loss
Keith, D. W., Weisenstein, D. K., Dykema, J. A., & Keutsch, F. N. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1615572113 · Cited by 176
Self-citationAchieving a climate justice pathway to 1.5 °C
Robinson, M., & Shine, T. (2018) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0189-7 · Cited by 175
Trisos, C. H., Amatulli, G., Gurevitch, J., Robock, A., Xia, L., & Zambri, B. (2018) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0431-0 · Cited by 157
Scenarios for modeling solar radiation modification
MacMartin, D. G., Visioni, D., Kravitz, B., Richter, J. H., Felgenhauer, T., Lee, W., Morrow, D. R., Parson, E. A., & Sugiyama, M. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2202230119 · Cited by 142
Self-citationLand radiative management as contributor to regional-scale climate adaptation and mitigation
Seneviratne, S. I., Phipps, S. J., Pitman, A. J., Hirsch, A. L., Davin, É. L., Donat, M. G., Hirschi, M., Lenton, A. A., Wilhelm, M., & Kravitz, B. (2018) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-017-0057-5 · Cited by 150
Implications of possible interpretations of ‘greenhouse gas balance’ in the Paris Agreement
Fuglestvedt, J., Rogelj, J., Millar, R. J., Allen, M., Boucher, O., Cain, M., Forster, P. M., Kriegler, E., & Shindell, D. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0445 · Cited by 134
The international politics of geoengineering: The feasibility of Plan B for tackling climate change
Corry, O. (2017) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010617704142 · Cited by 106
Simulating the impact of source-sink manipulations in wheat
Asseng, S., Kassie, B., Labra, M. H., Amador, C., & Calderini, D. (2017) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.031 · Cited by 86
Climate impacts of geoengineering in a delayed mitigation scenario
Tilmes, S., Sanderson, B. M., & O’Neill, B. C. (2016) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2016gl070122 · Cited by 93
Keith, D. W., & Irvine, P. J. (2016) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1002/2016ef000465 · Cited by 90
Self-citationMcKinnon, C. (2019) · Environmental Politics · doi:10.1080/09644016.2018.1450344 · Cited by 86
To what extent can cirrus cloud seeding counteract global warming?
Gasparini, B., McGraw, Z. S., Storelvmo, T., & Lohmann, U. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab71a3 · Cited by 80
The cost of stratospheric climate engineering revisited
Moriyama, R., Sugiyama, M., Kurosawa, A., Masuda, K., Tsuzuki, K., & Ishimoto, Y. (2016) · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-016-9723-y · Cited by 78
Timescale for Detecting the Climate Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering
MacMartin, D. G., Wang, W., Kravitz, B., Tilmes, S., Richter, J. H., & Mills, M. J. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2018jd028906 · Cited by 77
Self-citationFlegal, J. A., & Gupta, A. (2017) · International Environmental Agreements Politics Law and Economics · doi:10.1007/s10784-017-9377-6 · Cited by 75
Tailoring Meridional and Seasonal Radiative Forcing by Sulfate Aerosol Solar Geoengineering
Dai, Z., Weisenstein, D. K., & Keith, D. W. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2017gl076472 · Cited by 72
Self-citationSolar Geoengineering and Democracy
Horton, J. B., Reynolds, J. L., Buck, H. J., Callies, D. E., Schäfer, S., Keith, D. W., & Rayner, S. (2018) · Global Environmental Politics · doi:10.1162/glep_a_00466 · Cited by 71
Self-citationFive solar geoengineering tropes that have outstayed their welcome
Reynolds, J. L., Parker, A., & Irvine, P. (2016) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1002/2016ef000416 · Cited by 67
McLaren, D., & Corry, O. (2021) · Global Policy · doi:10.1111/1758-5899.12863 · Cited by 67
Visioni, D., Pitari, G., Tuccella, P., & Curci, G. (2018) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-18-2787-2018 · Cited by 67
Halving warming with stratospheric aerosol geoengineering moderates policy-relevant climate hazards
Irvine, P. J., & Keith, D. W. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab76de · Cited by 66
Self-citationGeoengineering with stratospheric aerosols: What do we not know after a decade of research?
MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B., Long, J. C. S., & Rasch, P. J. (2016) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1002/2016ef000418 · Cited by 58
Self-citationDynamic climate emulators for solar geoengineering
MacMartin, D. G., & Kravitz, B. (2016) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-16-15789-2016 · Cited by 55
Self-citationQuantifying the effects of solar geoengineering on vegetation
Dagon, K., & Schrag, D. P. (2019) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02387-9 · Cited by 54
Surprise, K. (2020) · Journal of Political Ecology · doi:10.2458/v27i1.23583 · Cited by 54
Strategic implications of counter-geoengineering: Clash or cooperation?
Heyen, D., Horton, J. B., & Moreno‐Cruz, J. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2019.03.005 · Cited by 53
Stratospheric aerosol injection research and existential risk
Halstead, J. (2018) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2018.03.004 · Cited by 52
The hidden injustices of advancing solar geoengineering research
Stephens, J. C., & Surprise, K. (2020) · Global Sustainability · doi:10.1017/sus.2019.28 · Cited by 52
Laakso, A., Kokkola, H., Partanen, A.-I., Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Hakkarainen, H., & Korhonen, H. (2016) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-16-305-2016 · Cited by 51
Baur, S., Nauels, A., Nicholls, Z., Sanderson, B. M., & Schleussner, C. (2023) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-14-367-2023 · Cited by 52
Engineering climate debt: temperature overshoot and peak-shaving as risky subprime mortgage lending
Asayama, S., & Hulme, M. (2019) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1623165 · Cited by 57
Dagon, K., & Schrag, D. P. (2016) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-15-0472.1 · Cited by 48
International Relations in the Anthropocene
(2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53014-3 · Cited by 48
Next steps in geoengineering scenario research: limited deployment scenarios and beyond
Sugiyama, M., Arino, Y., Kosugi, T., Kurosawa, A., & Watanabe, S. (2017) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2017.1323721 · Cited by 53
Whose climate intervention? Solar geoengineering, fractions of capital, and hegemonic strategy
Surprise, K., & Sapinski, J.-P. (2022) · Capital & Class · doi:10.1177/03098168221114386 · Cited by 45
Geoengineering governance-by-default: an earth system governance perspective
Talberg, A., Christoff, P., Thomas, S., & Karoly, D. J. (2017) · International Environmental Agreements Politics Law and Economics · doi:10.1007/s10784-017-9374-9 · Cited by 44
Probing space to understand Earth
Lapôtre, M. G. A., O'Rourke, J. G., Schaefer, L., Siebach, K. L., Spalding, C., Tikoo-Schantz, S. M., & Wordsworth, R. (2020) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-020-0029-y · Cited by 42
Preempting the Second Contradiction: Solar Geoengineering as Spatiotemporal Fix
Surprise, K. (2018) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2018.1426435 · Cited by 39
Sugiyama, M., Asayama, S., Kosugi, T., Ishii, A., Emori, S., Adachi, J., Akimoto, K., Fujiwara, M., Hasegawa, T., Hibi, Y., et al. (2016) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-016-0376-2 · Cited by 35
Mahpour, A., & El-Diraby, T. E. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102960 · Cited by 37
The Panglossian politics of the geoclique
McKinnon, C. (2020) · Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy · doi:10.1080/13698230.2020.1694216 · Cited by 33
Tools of the trade: practices and politics of researching the future in climate engineering
Low, S., & Schäfer, S. (2019) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-019-00692-x · Cited by 33
Young, D. N. (2023) · European Journal of International Security · doi:10.1017/eis.2023.4 · Cited by 32
Low, S., & Honegger, M. (2020) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.13565 · Cited by 30
Technical characteristics of a solar geoengineering deployment and implications for governance
MacMartin, D. G., Irvine, P. J., Kravitz, B., & Horton, J. B. (2019) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1668347 · Cited by 28
Self-citationA Critical Examination of Geoengineering: Economic and Technological Rationality in Social Context
Gunderson, R., Petersen, B., & Stuart, D. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10010269 · Cited by 28
Solar Geoengineering: History, Methods, Governance, Prospects
Parson, E. A., & Keith, D. W. (2024) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-081911 · Cited by 27
Self-citationVattioni, S., Luo, B., Feinberg, A., Stenke, A., Vockenhuber, C., Weber, R., Dykema, J. A., Krieger, U. K., Ammann, M., Keutsch, F., et al. (2023) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2023gl105889 · Cited by 26
Honegger, M., Michaelowa, A., & Pan, J. (2021) · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-021-09958-1 · Cited by 30
Camilloni, I. A., Montroull, N. B., Gulizia, C. N., & Saurral, R. I. (2022) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2022.763983 · Cited by 26
Stratospheric aerosol injection may impact global systems and human health outcomes
Tracy, S. M., Moch, J. M., Eastham, S. D., & Buonocore, J. J. (2022) · Elementa Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.1525/elementa.2022.00047 · Cited by 30
Co‐Producing (a Fearful) A nthropocene
Cook, B. R., & Balayannis, A. (2015) · Geographical Research · doi:10.1111/1745-5871.12126 · Cited by 25
Globalising the Arctic Climate: Geoengineering and the Emerging Global Polity
Corry, O. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-50884-3_4 · Cited by 25
Castree, N. (2015) · Geographical Research · doi:10.1111/1745-5871.12125 · Cited by 26
Surprise, K. (2019) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/2514848619844771 · Cited by 26
Emerging risk governance for stratospheric aerosol injection as a climate management technology
Grieger, K., Felgenhauer, T., Renn, O., Wiener, J. B., & Borsuk, M. E. (2019) · Environment Systems & Decisions · doi:10.1007/s10669-019-09730-6 · Cited by 25
Regional Climate Variability Under Model Simulations of Solar Geoengineering
Dagon, K., & Schrag, D. P. (2017) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2017jd027110 · Cited by 26
Horton, J. B., & Keith, D. W. (2019) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1607716 · Cited by 24
Self-citationWho turns the global thermostat and by how much?
Rickels, W., Quaas, M. F., Ricke, K., Quaas, J., Moreno‐Cruz, J., & Smulders, S. A. (2020) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104852 · Cited by 30
Climate engineering needs a clean bill of health
Carlson, C. J., & Trisos, C. H. (2018) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0294-7 · Cited by 21
Regional response to climate change and management: an analysis of Africa’s capacity
Faiyetole, A. A., & Adesina, F. A. (2017) · International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management · doi:10.1108/ijccsm-02-2017-0033 · Cited by 21
Burton, C., Betts, R., JONES, C. D., & Williams, K. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2018gl077848 · Cited by 21
Mitigating ice sheets and mountain glaciers melt with geoengineering
Wang, F., Xie, Y., Wang, L., Liu, S., & Jin, X. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178450 · Cited by 20
Arino, Y., Akimoto, K., Sano, F., Homma, T., Oda, J., & Tomoda, T. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1520795113 · Cited by 25
The Buying Time Argument within the Solar Radiation Management Discourse
Neuber, F., & Ott, K. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10134637 · Cited by 20
(IPCC), I. P. O. C. C. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009157926.016 · Cited by 27
Lutsko, N. J., Seeley, J. T., & Keith, D. W. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl087290 · Cited by 19
Self-citationMalm, A. (2022) · Historical Materialism · doi:10.1163/1569206x-20222369 · Cited by 19
Vattioni, S., Käslin, S. K., Dykema, J. A., Luo, B., Sukhodolov, T., Sedláčék, J., Keutsch, F. N., Peter, T., & Chiodo, G. (2024) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2024gl110575 · Cited by 18
Vattioni, S., Weber, R., Feinberg, A., Stenke, A., Dykema, J. A., Luo, B., Kelesidis, G. A., Bruun, C. A., Sukhodolov, T., Keutsch, F. N., et al. (2024) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-17-7767-2024 · Cited by 17
18 Politically relevant solar geoengineering scenarios
Lockley, A. J., Xu, Y., Tilmes, S., Sugiyama, M., Rothman, D. S., & Hindes, A. (2022) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · doi:10.18174/sesmo.18127 · Cited by 16
Sugiyama, M., Asayama, S., Kosugi, T., Ishii, A., & Watanabe, S. (2024) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-024-01520-7 · Cited by 16
Emulating inconsistencies in stratospheric aerosol injection
Farley, J., MacMartin, D. G., Visioni, D., & Kravitz, B. (2024) · Environmental Research Climate · doi:10.1088/2752-5295/ad519c · Cited by 15
Self-citationSun, H., Bourguet, S., Eastham, S., & Keith, D. (2023) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2023gl105371 · Cited by 14
Self-citationVattioni, S., Peter, T., Weber, R., Dykema, J. A., Luo, B., Stenke, A., Feinberg, A., Sukhodolov, T., Keutsch, F. N., Ammann, M., et al. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02038-1 · Cited by 13
Detecting sulphate aerosol geoengineering with different methods
Lo, Y. T. E., Charlton-Perez, A. J., Lott, F. C., & Highwood, E. J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep39169 · Cited by 13
Spectroscopic Characterization of HSO 2 • and HOSO • Intermediates Involved in SO 2 Geoengineering
Lü, B., Trabelsi, T., Esposito, V. J., Fortenberry, R. C., Francisco, J. S., & Zeng, X. (2021) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09311 · Cited by 13
Solar radiation management and ecosystem functional responses
Ito, A. (2017) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-017-1930-3 · Cited by 13
Biodiversity risks of climate control
Williamson, P. C. (2018) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0460-8 · Cited by 13
Asayama, S., Hulme, M., & Markusson, N. O. (2021) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-021-03174-1 · Cited by 13
Malm, A. (2023) · Historical Materialism · doi:10.1163/1569206x-20232430 · Cited by 19
Moch, J. M., Mickley, L. J., Eastham, S. D., Lundgren, E. W., Shah, V., Buonocore, J. J., Pang, J. Y. S., Sadiq, M., & Tai, A. P. K. (2023) · AGU Advances · doi:10.1029/2023av000911 · Cited by 10
Estimating the potential cooling effect of cirrus thinning achieved via the seeding approach
Liu, J., & Shi, X. (2021) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-21-10609-2021 · Cited by 10
A Climate Intervention Dynamical Emulator (CIDER) for scenario space exploration
Farley, J., MacMartin, D. G., Visioni, D., Kravitz, B., Bednarz, E., Duffey, A., Henry, M., & Akherati, A. (2026) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-19-1809-2026 · Cited by 9
Self-citationSolACE - Solar Geoengineering in an Analytic Climate EconomyPreprint
Meier, F., & Traeger, C. P. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3958821 · Cited by 9
Geoengineering, Scientific Community, and Policymakers
Pereira, J. C. (2016) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244016628591 · Cited by 8
Soldatenko, S. A. (2018) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli6040085 · Cited by 8
Legitimacy and justifiability of non-state geoengineering
Lockley, A., Mundra, I., & Smith, P. T. (2023) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2023.103210 · Cited by 7
Chen, Y., Moore, J. C., & Ji, D. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad2433 · Cited by 7
The Evidentiary Politics of the Geoengineering Imaginary
Flegal, J. A. (2018) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 7
Jin, X., & Cao, L. (2022) · Advances in Climate Change Research · doi:10.1016/j.accre.2023.03.002 · Cited by 6
Solar geoengineering governance: a dynamic framework of farsighted coalition formation
Heyen, D., & Lehtomaa, J. (2021) · Oxford Open Climate Change · doi:10.1093/oxfclm/kgab010 · Cited by 6
Solar Radiation Management Geoengineering and Strict Liability for Ultrahazardous Activities
Brent, K. A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108526081.010 · Cited by 6
Dipu, S., Quaas, J., Quaas, M. F., Rickels, W., Mülmenstädt, J., & Boucher, O. (2021) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli9040066 · Cited by 6
DeAngelo, B. J., Edmonds, J., Fahey, D. W., & Sanderson, B. M. (2017) · doi:10.7930/j0m32szg · Cited by 6
Ecological, Agricultural, and Health Impacts of Solar Geoengineering
Trisos, C. H., Gabriel, C., Robock, A. D., & Xia, L. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811891-7.00024-4 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Keith, D. W., & MacMartin, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keith, David W.
- Venue
- Nature Climate Change
- Published
- 2015-02-16
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 201-206
- ISSN
- 1758-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1758-6798
- OpenAlex
- W2121444587
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 13.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Climate Change (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
- Keywords
- solar radiation management, solar geoengineering, global cooling, anthropogenic forcing, climate policy, climate change mitigation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
