Representation of retrieval confidence by single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe
Open accessAbstract
Memory-based decisions are often accompanied by an assessment of choice certainty, but the mechanisms of such confidence judgments remain unknown. We studied the response of 1,065 individual neurons in the human hippocampus and amygdala while neurosurgical patients made memory retrieval decisions together with a confidence judgment. Combining behavioral, neuronal and computational analysis, we identified a population of memory-selective (MS) neurons whose activity signaled stimulus familiarity and confidence, as assessed by subjective report. In contrast, the activity of visually selective (VS) neurons was not sensitive to memory strength. The groups further differed in response latency, tuning and extracellular waveforms. The information provided by MS neurons was sufficient for a race model to decide stimulus familiarity and retrieval confidence. Together, our results indicate a trial-by-trial relationship between a specific group of neurons and declared memory strength in humans. We suggest that VS and MS neurons are a substrate for declarative memories.
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Recent fMRI evidence suggests similar population-level representations of uncertainty in visual working memory, and single unit activity in human hippocampus predicts retrieval confidence levels.
“Recent fMRI evidence suggests similar population-level representations of uncertainty in visual working memory (Li et al. 2021), and single unit activity in the human hippocampus predicts retrieval confidence levels (Rutishauser et al. 2015).”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Rutishauser et al. 2015
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Hippocampus duality: Memory and novelty detection are subserved by distinct mechanisms
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Testing Models of Human Declarative Memory at the Single-Neuron Level
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Self-citationCross‐regional phase amplitude coupling supports the encoding of episodic memories
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Value-Related Neuronal Responses in the Human Amygdala during Observational Learning
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Rats use memory confidence to guide decisions
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Surgical and Electrophysiological Techniques for Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients
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Striatal prediction errors support dynamic control of declarative memory decisions
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High-fidelity mapping of repetition-related changes in the parietal memory network
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Self-citationConcept and location neurons in the human brain provide the ‘what’ and ‘where’ in memory formation
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A Fast Visual Recognition Memory System in Humans Identified Using Intracerebral ERP
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On the origin of memory neurons in the human hippocampus
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A neuronal code for object representation and memory in the human amygdala and hippocampus
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Duplicate Detection of Spike Events: A Relevant Problem in Human Single-Unit Recordings
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An online adaptive screening procedure for selective neuronal responses
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Two kinds of memory signals in neurons of the human hippocampus
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Elucidating memory in the brain via single‐cell transcriptomics
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Self-citationAbstract representations emerge in human hippocampal neurons during inference behaviorPreprint
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Single-Neuron Correlates of Decision Confidence in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe
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Human episodic memory retrieval is accompanied by a neural contiguity effectPreprint
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Rutishauser, U., Ye, S., Koroma, M., Tudusciuc, O., Ross, I. B., Chung, J. M., & Mamelak, A. N.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (FR)
- Huntington Hospital (US)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rutishauser, Ueli
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2015-06-08
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1041-1050
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC4482779
- OpenAlex
- W1671674587
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 7.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation
- California Institute of Technology (P50 MH094258)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH094258, MH094258)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- memory confidence judgments, hippocampus, amygdala, stimulus familiarity, race model, declarative memory, single-unit activity, medial temporal lobe
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Electrodes, Implanted, Hippocampus, Humans, Neurons, Mental Recall, Temporal Lobe, Recognition, Psychology, Electrophysiological Phenomena
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