Behavior- and Modality-General Representation of Confidence in Orbitofrontal Cortex
Open accessAbstract
Every decision we make is accompanied by a sense of confidence about its likely outcome. This sense informs subsequent behavior, such as investing more-whether time, effort, or money-when reward is more certain. A neural representation of confidence should originate from a statistical computation and predict confidence-guided behavior. An additional requirement for confidence representations to support metacognition is abstraction: they should emerge irrespective of the source of information and inform multiple confidence-guided behaviors. It is unknown whether neural confidence signals meet these criteria. Here, we show that single orbitofrontal cortex neurons in rats encode statistical decision confidence irrespective of the sensory modality, olfactory or auditory, used to make a choice. The activity of these neurons also predicts two confidence-guided behaviors: trial-by-trial time investment and cross-trial choice strategy updating. Orbitofrontal cortex thus represents decision confidence consistent with a metacognitive process that is useful for mediating confidence-guided economic decisions.
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Confidence signatures in OFC generalize across both auditory and olfactory decisions.
“and generalize across both auditory and olfactory decisions (Masset et al. 2020)”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Masset et al. 2020
Confidence signatures in OFC predict confidence-related behavior (waiting for a reward, conditional on performance).
“Confidence signatures in OFC predict confidence-related behavior (waiting for a reward, conditional on performance) and generalize across both auditory and olfactory decisions (Masset et al. 2020)”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Masset et al. 2020
Modality-independent confidence signals exist in rodent and human prefrontal cortex, supporting a common currency for confidence.
“A common currency for confidence may be supported by modality-independent confidence signals in rodent (Masset et al. 2020) and human (Morales et al. 2018) prefrontal cortex.”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Masset et al. 2020
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- Authors
- Masset, P., Ott, T., Lak, A., Hirokawa, J., & Kepecs, A.
- Affiliations
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 182
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 112-126.e18
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8083070
- OpenAlex
- W3034170934
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 7.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- decision confidence, orbitofrontal cortex, metacognition, single-unit recording, time investment, statistical decision making
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Choice Behavior, Decision Making, Models, Biological, Neurons, Sensation, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Prefrontal Cortex, Rats, Long-Evans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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