Cited by 894Cancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Hypoxia signalling through mTOR and the unfolded protein response in cancer

Wouters, Bradly G., Koritzinsky, Marianne·2008·Nature Reviews Cancer

Abstract

Hypoxia occurs in the majority of tumours, promoting angiogenesis, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Responses to hypoxia are orchestrated in part through activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor family of transcription factors (HIFs). Recently, two additional O(2)-sensitive signalling pathways have also been implicated: signalling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and signalling through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Although they are activated independently, growing evidence suggests that HIF-, mTOR- and UPR-dependent responses to hypoxia act in an integrated way, influencing each other and common downstream pathways that affect gene expression, metabolism, cell survival, tumorigenesis and tumour growth.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nrc2501

Cites

146 of 146 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • UPR adaptations include increased amino acid transporter activity and enzyme expression to boost glutathione, stimulation of hematopoiesis, and upregulation of VEGF.

    “These adaptations include increased amino acid transporter activity and enzyme expression to boost the concentration of glutathione, the principal intracellular antioxidant, stimulation of hematopoiesis, and upregulation of the angiogenic growth factor VEGF.”

    From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [585]

  • PERK upregulates ATF4, which along with ATF6 and IRE1 pathways selectively regulates gene expression to assist the cell to tolerate hypoxia.

    “It also upregulates the transcription factor ATF4, which along with the ATF6 and IRE1 pathways selectively regulates gene expression to assist the cell to tolerate hypoxia (180, 343, 585).”

    From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [585]

  • There are two principal mechanisms that operate in response to hypoxia: a rapid response involving phosphorylation of eIF2α through PERK and the UPR, and a longer term response dependent on suppression of the mTOR pathway.

    “There are two principal mechanisms that operate, a rapid response involving phosphorylation of eIF2α through PERK and the UPR, and a longer term response dependent on suppression of the mTOR pathway (181, 585).”

    From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [585]

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Authors
Wouters, B. G., & Koritzinsky, M.
Affiliations
University Health Network (CA)
Corresponding author
Wouters, Bradly G.
Venue
Nature Reviews Cancer
Published
2008-10-10
Volume
8
Issue
11
Pages
851-864
ISSN
  • 1474-175X (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1768
OpenAlex
W1978301900
Cited by
894
References
146
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 73
FWCI
4.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
hypoxia signaling, mTOR, unfolded protein response, hypoxia-inducible factor, tumor hypoxia, angiogenesis, metastasis, treatment resistance, cancer metabolism, carcinogenesis, tumor growth
MeSH terms
Humans, Neoplasms, Protein Kinases, Signal Transduction, Cell Hypoxia, Protein Folding, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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