Cited by 535Bioinformatics and Genomic NetworksGene Regulatory Network AnalysisBiomedical Text Mining and Ontologies

Integrative approaches for finding modular structure in biological networks

Open access
Mitra, Koyel, Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra, Ramesh, Sanath Kumar, Ideker, Trey·2013·Nature Reviews Genetics

Abstract

A central goal of systems biology is to elucidate the structural and functional architecture of the cell. To this end, large and complex networks of molecular interactions are being rapidly generated for humans and model organisms. A recent focus of bioinformatics research has been to integrate these networks with each other and with diverse molecular profiles to identify sets of molecules and interactions that participate in a common biological function - that is, 'modules'. Here, we classify such integrative approaches into four broad categories, describe their bioinformatic principles and review their applications.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nrg3552

Cites

177 of 177 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Many biological networks have a hierarchical structure in which nodes can be organized into a relatively small collection of highly interconnected modules.

    “Many biological networks have a hierarchical structure such that their nodes can be organized into a relatively small collection of highly interconnected modules4,28,29”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Mitra, K., Carvunis, A.-R., Ramesh, S. K., & Ideker, T.
Affiliations
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Mitra, Koyel
Venue
Nature Reviews Genetics
Published
2013-09-18
Volume
14
Issue
10
Pages
719-732
ISSN
  • 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0064
OpenAlex
W2040847667
Cited by
535
References
177
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 4
FWCI
5.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH062261)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P50GM085764, P41GM103504)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
Keywords
network modules, modular structure, molecular interaction networks, multi-omics integration, functional modules, systems biology, network clustering, molecular profiles
MeSH terms
Algorithms, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Models, Biological, Genome, Human, Computational Biology, Systems Biology, Gene Regulatory Networks, Metabolic Networks and Pathways

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review