Developing mRNA-vaccine technologies
Open accessAbstract
mRNA vaccines combine desirable immunological properties with an outstanding safety profile and the unmet flexibility of genetic vaccines. Based on in situ protein expression, mRNA vaccines are capable of inducing a balanced immune response comprising both cellular and humoral immunity while not subject to MHC haplotype restriction. In addition, mRNA is an intrinsically safe vector as it is a minimal and only transient carrier of information that does not interact with the genome. Because any protein can be expressed from mRNA without the need to adjust the production process, mRNA vaccines also offer maximum flexibility with respect to development. Taken together, mRNA presents a promising vector that may well become the basis of a game-changing vaccine technology platform. Here, we outline the current knowledge regarding different aspects that should be considered when developing an mRNA-based vaccine technology.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
UTRs can influence mRNA translation efficiency and resistance to degradation by interacting with RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs.
“It is known that UTRs are associated with processes of mRNA translation, and by interacting with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs, UTRs can influence mRNA’s translation efficiency and resistance to degradation [3,4,5,6,7].”
From Untranslated Region Sequences and the Efficacy of mRNA Vaccines against Tuberculosis (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
The mRNA Design section says UTRs affect translation and stability and that miRNA-binding sites in UTRs can destabilize mRNA. The copy does not explain these effects as arising from interactions with RNA-binding proteins; it mentions UTR-binding factors only in a reference title. No page number is available for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExpression of therapeutic proteins can also be achieved by intramuscular administration (Schlake et al, 2012).
“Moreover, expression of therapeutic proteins can also be achieved by intramuscular administration (Schlake et al, 2012).”
From mRNA mediates passive vaccination against infectious agents, toxins, and tumors (2017) · cites this paper as Schlake et al, 2012
The basic structure of mRNA is made up of a protein-encoding ORF, surrounded by 5′ and 3′ UTRs, a 7-methyl guanosine 5′ cap structure, and a 3′ poly(A) tail.
“The basic structure of mRNA, same as eukaryotic mRNA, is made up of (i) protein encoding ORF, surrounded by (ii) 5′ and 3′ UTRs, and (iii) a 7-methyl guanosine 5′ cap structure and (iv) a 3′poly(A) tail at the end sides (Verbeke et al. 2019; Schlake et al. 2012; Sahin et al. 2014) (Fig. 1).”
From Modifications of mRNA vaccine structural elements for improving mRNA stability and translation efficiency (2022) · cites this paper as Schlake et al. 2012
A non-replicating mRNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) encoding the gene coding for the target antigen flanked by 5′ and 3′ UTR; the 5′ end contains a 7-methylguanosine cap structure, whereas the 3′ end contains a poly(A) tail structure.
“A non-replicating mRNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) encoding the gene coding for the target antigen flanked by 5′ and 3′ UTR. The 5′ end contains a 7-methylguanosine cap structure (5′-cap, m7G), whereas the 3′ end contains a poly(A) tail structure.”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [113]
Poly(A) tails of approximately 100 nt are ideal for synthesizing mRNA therapies because tail size affects mRNA decay by modulating 3′ exonucleolytic degradation.
“Poly(A) tails of approximately 100 nt are ideal for synthesizing mRNA therapies because tail size affects mRNA decay by modulating 3′ exonucleolytic degradation (Schlake et al. 2012).”
From Modifications of mRNA vaccine structural elements for improving mRNA stability and translation efficiency (2022) · cites this paper as Schlake et al. 2012
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.
Janeway, C. A., & Medzhitov, R. (2002) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359 · Cited by 8,394 · see citing works
Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35099560 · Cited by 6,129 · see citing works
Kozak, M. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90762-2 · Cited by 4,741 · see citing works
Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo
Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., & Felgner, P. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1690918 · Cited by 4,173 · see citing works
Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8
Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H., & Bauer, S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093620 · Cited by 3,947 · see citing works
Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses
Kato, H., Takeuchi, O., Sato, S., Yoneyama, M., Yamamoto, M., Matsui, K., Uematsu, S., Jung, A., Kawai, T., Ishii, K. J., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04734 · Cited by 3,888 · see citing works
Mammalian microRNAs predominantly act to decrease target mRNA levels
Guo, H., Ingolia, N. T., Weissman, J. S., & Bartel, D. P. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09267 · Cited by 3,886 · see citing works
Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA
Diebold, S. S., Kaisho, T., Hemmi, H., Akira, S., & Reis e Sousa, C. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093616 · Cited by 3,444 · see citing works
Karikó, K., Buckstein, M., Ni, H., & Weissman, D. (2005) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.06.008 · Cited by 2,728 · see citing works
Warren, L., Manos, P. D., Ahfeldt, T., Loh, Y.-H., Li, H., Lau, F., Ebina, W., Mandal, P. K., Smith, Z. D., Meissner, A., et al. (2010) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.08.012 · Cited by 2,662 · see citing works
5'-Triphosphate RNA Is the Ligand for RIG-I
Hornung, V., Ellegast, J., Kim, S., Brzózka, K., Jung, A., Kato, H., Poeck, H., Akira, S., Conzelmann, K.-K., Schlee, M., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132505 · Cited by 2,474 · see citing works
RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5’-phosphates
Pichlmair, A., Schulz, O., Tan, C. P., Näslund, T. I., Liljeström, P., Weber, F., & Reis e Sousa, C. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132998 · Cited by 2,210 · see citing works
Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors
Sadler, A. J., & Williams, B. R. G. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2314 · Cited by 2,160 · see citing works
Karikó, K., Muramatsu, H., Welsh, F. A., Ludwig, J., Kato, H., Akira, S., & Weissman, D. (2008) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2008.200 · Cited by 1,930 · see citing works
Functional messenger RNAs are produced by SP6 <i>in vitro</i> transcription of cloned cDNAs
Krieg, P. A., & Melton, D. A. (1984) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/12.18.7057 · Cited by 1,533 · see citing works
mRNA stability in mammalian cells
Ross, J. (1995) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.59.3.423-450.1995 · Cited by 1,324 · see citing works
Activation of human dendritic cells through CD40 cross-linking.
Caux, C., Massacrier, C., Vanbervliet, B., Dubois, B., van Kooten, C., Durand, I., & Banchereau, J. (1994) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.180.4.1263 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Uptake Pathways and Subsequent Intracellular Trafficking in Nonviral Gene Delivery
Khalil, I. A., Kogure, K., Akita, H., & Harashima, H. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.1.8 · Cited by 1,241 · see citing works
mRNA is an endogenous ligand for toll-like receptor 3
Karikó, K., Ni, H., Capodici, J., Lamphier, M., & Weissman, D. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m310175200 · Cited by 1,062 · see citing works
AU-rich elements and associated factors: are there unifying principles?
Barreau, C. (2005) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gki1012 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Mechanisms and optimization of in vivo delivery of lipophilic siRNAs
Wolfrum, C., Shi, S., Jayaprakash, K. N., Jayaraman, M., Wang, G., Pandey, R. K., Rajeev, K. G., Nakayama, T., Charrise, K., Ndungo, E. M., et al. (2007) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1339 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Dendritic cells pulsed with RNA are potent antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo.
Boczkowski, D., Nair, S. K., Snyder, D., & Gilboa, E. (1996) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.184.2.465 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Cationic liposome-mediated RNA transfection.
Malone, R. W., Felgner, P. L., & Verma, I. M. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.16.6077 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Karikó, K., Muramatsu, H., Ludwig, J., & Weissman, D. (2011) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr695 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
The cap and poly(A) tail function synergistically to regulate mRNA translational efficiency.
Gallie, D. R. (1991) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.5.11.2108 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
The enzymes and control of eukaryotic mRNA turnover
Parker, R., & Song, H. (2004) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb724 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Züst, R., Cervantes-Barragan, L., Habjan, M., Maier, R., Neuman, B. W., Ziebuhr, J., Szretter, K. J., Baker, S. C., Barchet, W., Diamond, M. S., et al. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1979 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Use of Frog Eggs and Oocytes for the Study of Messenger RNA and its Translation in Living Cells
Gurdon, J. B., LANE, C. D., Woodland, H. R., & Marbaix, G. (1971) · Nature · doi:10.1038/233177a0 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Innate immunity induced by composition-dependent RIG-I recognition of hepatitis C virus RNA
Saito, T., Owen, D. M., Jiang, F., Marcotrigiano, J., & Gale, M. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07106 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Expression of therapeutic proteins after delivery of chemically modified mRNA in mice
Kormann, M. S. D., Hasenpusch, G., Aneja, M. K., Nica, G., Flemmer, A. W., Herber-Jonat, S., Huppmann, M., Mays, L. E., Illenyi, M., Schams, A., et al. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1733 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Inducers of interferon and host resistance. II. Multistranded synthetic polynucleotide complexes.
Field, A., TYTELL, A. A., Lampson, G. P., & Hilleman, M. R. (1967) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.58.3.1004 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA enhances translation by diminishing PKR activation
Anderson, B. R., Muramatsu, H., Nallagatla, S. R., Bevilacqua, P. C., Sansing, L. H., Weissman, D., & Karikó, K. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq347 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Circumstances and Mechanisms of Inhibition of Translation by Secondary Structure in Eucaryotic mRNAs
Kozak, M. (1989) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.9.11.5134 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Translating Innate Immunity into Immunological Memory: Implications for Vaccine Development
Pulendran, B., & Ahmed, R. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.019 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Holtkamp, S., Kreiter, S., Selmi, A., Simon, P., Koslowski, M., Huber, C., Türeci, O., & Sahin, U. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-04-015024 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Recognition of cap structure in splicing in vitro of mRNA precursors
Konarska, M. M., Padgett, R. A., & Sharp, P. A. (1984) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90268-x · Cited by 588 · see citing works
RIG-I detects viral genomic RNA during negative-strand RNA virus infection
Rehwinkel, J., Tan, C. P., Goubau, D., Schulz, O., Pichlmair, A., Bier, K., Robb, N., Vreede, F., Barclay, W., Fodor, E., et al. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.020 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Transport of dsRNA into Cells by the Transmembrane Protein SID-1
Feinberg, E. H., & Hunter, C. P. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1087117 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
The endocytic pathway mediates cell entry of dsRNA to induce RNAi silencing
Saleh, M., van Rij, R. P., Hekele, A., Gillis, A. N., Foley, E., O’Farrell, P. H., & Andino, R. (2006) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1439 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Scavenger receptors in innate immunity
Peiser, L., Mukhopadhyay, S., & Gordon, S. (2002) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0952-7915(01)00307-7 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Regulation of mRNA translation by 5′- and 3′-UTR-binding factors
Wilkie, G. S., Dickson, K. S., & Gray, N. K. (2003) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(03)00051-3 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Evolution of synonymous codon usage in metazoans
Duret, L. (2002) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(02)00353-2 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
5'-terminal cap structure in eucaryotic messenger ribonucleic acids
Banerjee, A. K. (1980) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.44.2.175-205.1980 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Xiang, Z., & Ertl, H. C. J. (1995) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(95)80001-8 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Induction of virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes <i>in vivo</i> by liposome‐entrapped mRNA
Martinon, F., Krishnan, S., Lenzen, G., Magné, R., Gomard, E., Guillet, J., Lévy, J., & Meulien, P. (1993) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.1830230749 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Concerted action of poly(A) nucleases and decapping enzyme in mammalian mRNA turnover
Yamashita, A., Chang, T.-C., Yamashita, Y., Zhu, W., Zhong, Z., Chen, C. A., & Shyu, A. (2005) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb1016 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Moon, E. K., Carpenito, C., Paulos, C. M., Liu, X., Brennan, A. L., Chew, A., Carroll, R. G., Scholler, J., Levine, B. L., et al. (2010) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2880 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Deadenylation is a widespread effect of miRNA regulation
Eulálio, A., Huntzinger, E., Nishihara, T., Rehwinkel, J., Fauser, M., & Izaurralde, E. (2008) · RNA · doi:10.1261/rna.1399509 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Recognition of viruses by cytoplasmic sensors
Wilkins, C. R., & Gale, M. (2010) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2009.12.003 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Nair, S. K., Boczkowski, D., Morse, M., Cumming, R. I., Lyerly, H. K., & Gilboa, E. (1998) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0498-364 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
How the messenger got its tail: addition of poly(A) in the nucleus
Wickens, M. (1990) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(90)90054-f · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Weide, B., Pascolo, S., Scheel, B., Derhovanessian, E., Pflugfelder, A., Eigentler, T. K., Pawelec, G., Hoerr, I., Rammensee, H.-G., & Garbe, C. (2009) · Journal of Immunotherapy · doi:10.1097/cji.0b013e3181a00068 · Cited by 378 · cited 1× · see citing works
“43,141,142 A further clinical trial with patients with renal cell carcinoma stage IV included the administration of GM-CSF as adjuvant 24 h after vaccination with six antigens, 143 an approach that will be discussed in more detail in the next section.”
Su, Z., Dannull, J., Yang, B. K., Dahm, P., Coleman, D., Yancey, D., Sichi, S., Niedzwiecki, D., Boczkowski, D., Gilboa, E., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3798 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Anderson, B. R., Muramatsu, H., Jha, B. K., Silverman, R. H., Weissman, D., & Kariko, K. (2011) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr586 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
In Vivo Gene Delivery by Nonviral Vectors: Overcoming Hurdles?
Zhang, Y., Satterlee, A., & Huang, L. (2012) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2012.79 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
mRNA poly(A) tail, a 3' enhancer of translational initiation.
Munroe, D. J., & Jacobson, A. (1990) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.10.7.3441 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
(2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Synthesis of infectious poliovirus RNA by purified T7 RNA polymerase.
van der Werf, S., Bradley, J., Wimmer, E., Studier, F. W., & Dunn, J. J. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2330 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Fotin-Mleczek, M., Duchardt, K. M., Lorenz, C., Pfeiffer, R., Ojkić-Zrna, S., Probst, J., & Kallen, K.-J. (2011) · Journal of Immunotherapy · doi:10.1097/cji.0b013e3181f7dbe8 · Cited by 335 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Recently, research on protamine-complexed RNA culminated in a simplified vaccine approach, combining naked and protamine-formulated mRNA.(9) The resulting mRNA vaccine consists of two components complementing each other; while antigen supply is mainly driven by the naked mRNA, the protamine complexes contribute a stro…”
InfluentialSelf-citation(1995) · PubMed · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Kreiter, S., Selmi, A., Diken, M., Koslowski, M., Britten, C. M., Huber, C., Türeci, Ö., & Sahin, U. (2010) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0699 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Multicomponent RNA plant virus infection derived from cloned viral cDNA
Ahlquist, P., French, R. C., Janda, M., et al. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.22.7066 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Iwasaki, A., Stiernholm, B. J., Chan, A. K., et al. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.10.4591 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Ulvila, J., Parikka, M., Kleino, A., Sormunen, R. T., Ezekowitz, R. A. B., Kocks, C., & Rämet, M. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m513868200 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Karikó, K., Muramatsu, H., Keller, J. M., & Weissman, D. (2012) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2012.7 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Diebold, S. S., Massacrier, C., Akira, S., Paturel, C., Morel, Y., & Sousa, C. R. E. (2006) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200636617 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
The Impact of miRNA Target Sites in Coding Sequences and in 3′UTRs
Fang, Z., & Rajewsky, N. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018067 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Kanaya, S., Yamada, Y., Kinouchi, M., Kudo, Y., & Ikemura, T. (2001) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s002390010219 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
A novel transcription property of SP6 and T7 RNA polymerases: dependence on template structure
Schenborn, E. T., & Mierendorf, R. C. (1985) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/13.17.6223 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
An mRNA Stability Complex Functions with Poly(A)-Binding Protein To Stabilize mRNA In Vitro
Wang, Z., Day, N., Trifillis, P., & Kiledjian, M. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.7.4552 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Results of the First Phase I/II Clinical Vaccination Trial With Direct Injection of mRNA
Weide, B., Carralot, J.-P., Reese, A., Scheel, B., Eigentler, T. K., Hoerr, I., Rammensee, H.-G., Garbe, C., & Pascolo, S. (2008) · Journal of Immunotherapy · doi:10.1097/cji.0b013e31815ce501 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
The Mechanism of Naked DNA Uptake and Expression
Wolff, J. A., & Budker, V. G. (2005) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/s0065-2660(05)54001-x · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Geißler, M., Gesien, A., Tokushige, K., & Wands, J. R. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.3.1231 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Yakubov, E., Rechavi, G., Rozenblatt, S., & Givol, D. (2010) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.150 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Immunologic Basis of Vaccine Vectors
Liu, M. A. (2010) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.10.004 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Thomas, M., Ge, Q., Lu, J. J.-Q., et al. (2005) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-004-1874-y · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Rittig, S. M., Haentschel, M., Weimer, K. J., Heine, A., Muller, M. R., Brugger, W., Horger, M. S., Maksimovic, O., Stenzl, A., Hoerr, I., et al. (2011) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2010.289 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Kuhn, A. N., Diken, M., Kreiter, S., Selmi, A., Kowalska, J., Jemielity, J., Darzynkiewicz, E., Huber, C., Türeci, Ö., & Sahin, U. (2010) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2010.52 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Bettinger, T. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.18.3882 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
5’-triphosphate-dependent activation of PKR by RNAs with short stem-loops
Nallagatla, S. R., Hwang, J., Toroney, R., Zheng, X., Cameron, C. E., & Bevilacqua, P. C. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1147347 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Increased Antigen Presentation Efficiency by Coupling Antigens to MHC Class I Trafficking Signals
Kreiter, S., Selmi, A., Diken, M., Sebastian, M., Osterloh, P., Schild, H., Huber, C., Türeci, Ö., & Şahin, U. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.309 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Greaves, D. R., & Gordon, S. (2005) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r400011-jlr200 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Foreign nucleic acids as the stimulus to make interferon
Isaacs, A., Cox, R. A., & Rotem, Z. (1963) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(63)92585-6 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Probst, J., Weide, B., Scheel, B., Pichler, B. J., Hoerr, I., Rammensee, H.-G., & Pascolo, S. (2007) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302964 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Scheel, B., Teufel, R., Probst, J., Carralot, J., Geginat, J., Radsak, M. P., Jarrossay, D., Wagner, H., Jung, G., Rammensee, H., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200425656 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
A short leader sequence impairs the fidelity of initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes.
Kozak, M. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Current prospects for mRNA gene delivery
Yamamoto, A., Kormann, M., Rosenecker, J., & Rudolph, C. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.016 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Diken, M., Kreiter, S., Selmi, A., Britten, C. M., Huber, C. G., Türeci, Ö., & Şahin, U. (2011) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2011.17 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Gene therapy progress and prospects: Hydrodynamic gene delivery
Herweijer, H., & Wolff, J. A. (2006) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302891 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
5'-terminal cap structure in eucaryotic messenger ribonucleic acids.
Banerjee, A. K. (1980) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.44.2.175-205.1980 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Systematic discovery of structural elements governing stability of mammalian messenger RNAs
Goodarzi, H., Najafabadi, H. S., Oikonomou, P., Greco, T. M., Fish, L., Salavati, R., Cristea, I. M., & Tavazoie, S. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11013 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Mockey, M., Gonçalves, C., Dupuy, F. P., Lemoine, F. M., Pichon, C., & Midoux, P. (2005) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.105 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Graf, G. A., Connell, P. M., van der Westhuyzen, D. R., & Smart, E. J. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.17.12043 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Venkatesan, S., Gershowitz, A., & Moss, B. A. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86118-5 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Mockey, M., Bourseau, E., Voshavar, C., Chaudhuri, A., Lafosse, S., Cam, É. L., Quesniaux, V. F. J., Ryffel, B., Pichon, C., & Midoux, P. (2007) · Cancer Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.cgt.7701072 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Xiao, Z., Levy‐Nissenbaum, E., Alexis, F., Lupták, A., Teply, B. A., Chan, J. M., Shi, J., Digga, E., Cheng, J. W. M., Langer, R., et al. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn204165v · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Nucleotide Sequences and Modifications That Determine RIG-I/RNA Binding and Signaling Activities
Uzri, D., & Gehrke, L. (2009) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02449-08 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Lorenz, C., Fotin‐Mleczek, M., Roth, G. D., Becker, C., Dam, T. C., Verdurmen, W. P. R., Brock, R. E., Probst, J., & Schlake, T. (2011) · RNA Biology · doi:10.4161/rna.8.4.15394 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationPhosphorothioate cap analogs stabilize mRNA and increase translational efficiency in mammalian cells
Grudzien‐Nogalska, E., Jemielity, J., Kowalska, J., Darżynkiewicz, E., & Rhoads, R. E. (2007) · RNA · doi:10.1261/rna.701307 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Pascolo, S. (2004) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.4.8.1285 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Qiu, P., Ziegelhoffer, P. R., Sun, J., & Yang, N. S. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Polarization of immunity induced by direct injection of naked sequence-stabilized mRNA vaccines
Carralot, J.-P., Probst, J., Hoerr, I., Scheel, B., Teufel, R., Jung, G., Rammensee, H.-G., & Pascolo, S. (2004) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS · doi:10.1007/s00018-004-4255-0 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Reverse 5' caps in RNAs made in vitro by phage RNA polymerases.
Pasquinelli, A. E., Dahlberg, J. E., & Lund, E. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Immunostimulating capacities of stabilized RNA molecules
Scheel, B., Braedel, S., Probst, J., Carralot, J., Wagner, H., Schild, H., Jung, G., Rammensee, H., & Pascolo, S. (2004) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200324198 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
RNA Melanoma Vaccine: Induction of Antitumor Immunity by Human Glycoprotein 100 mRNA Immunization
Zhou, W.-Z., Hoon, D. S. �., Huang, S., Fujii, S., Hashimoto, K., Morishita, R., & Kaneda, Y. (1999) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/10430349950016762 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Hovanessian, A. G. (2007) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.06.003 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Gallie, D., Tanguay, R. L., & Leathers, V. L. (1995) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00521-7 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Absher, M. P., & Stinebring, W. R. (1969) · Nature · doi:10.1038/223715a0 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Hess, P. R., Boczkowski, D., Nair, S. K., Snyder, D. J., & Gilboa, E. (2005) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-005-0064-z · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Particle size and activation threshold: a new dimension of danger signaling
Rettig, L., Haen, S. P., Bittermann, A. G., von Boehmer, L., Fontecedro, A. C., Krämer, S. D., Knuth, A. K., & Pascolo, S. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-11-247817 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sorrentino, S. (1998) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s000180050207 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Fotin‐Mleczek, M., Zanzinger, K., Heidenreich, R., Lorenz, C., Thess, A., Duchardt, K. M., & Kallen, K. (2012) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.2605 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationRNA Recognition via TLR7 and TLR8
Hornung, V., Barchet, W., Schlee, M., & Hartmann, G. (2007) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72167-3_4 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Activation of RIG-I-like receptor signal transduction
Bruns, A. M., & Horvath, C. M. (2011) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.3109/10409238.2011.630974 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Differential Inhibition of mRNA Degradation Pathways by Novel Cap Analogs
Grudzien, E., Kalek, M., Jemielity, J., Darzynkiewicz, E., & Rhoads, R. E. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m509121200 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Cho, K. W. Y., Morita, E. A., Wright, C. V. E., & Robertis, E. M. D. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90407-p · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Karikó, K., Kuo, A., & Barnathan, E. S. (1999) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3300930 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Characterization of the ribonuclease activity on the skin surface
Probst, J., Brechtel, S., Scheel, B., Hoerr, I., Jung, G., Rammensee, H.-G., & Pascolo, S. (2006) · Genetic Vaccines and Therapy · doi:10.1186/1479-0556-4-4 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Professional antigen-presenting cells of the skin
Mathers, A. R., & Larregina, A. T. (2006) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1385/ir:36:1:127 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Granstein, R. D., Ding, W., & Ozawa, H. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00929.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
FLT3 Ligand Enhances the Cancer Therapeutic Potency of Naked RNA Vaccines
Kreiter, S., Diken, M., Selmi, A., Diekmann, J., Attig, S., Hüsemann, Y., Koslowski, M., Huber, C., Türeci, Ö., & Şahin, U. (2011) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0291 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Transcription of RNA templates by T7 RNA polymerase
Arnaud-Barbe, N. (1998) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/26.15.3550 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
van den Berg, J. H., Oosterhuis, K., Hennink, W. E., Storm, G., van der Aa, L. J., Engbersen, J. F. J., Haanen, J. B. A. G., Beijnen, J. H., Schumacher, T. N., & Nuijen, B. (2009) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.005 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Loudon, P. T., Yager, E. J., Lynch, D. T., Narendran, A., Stagnar, C., Franchini, A. M., Fuller, J. T., White, P., Nyuandi, J., Wiley, C. A., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011021 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Viral sensors: diversity in pathogen recognition
McCartney, S. A., & Colonna, M. (2008) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00726.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Zohra, F. T., Chowdhury, E. H., Tada, S., Hoshiba, T., & Akaike, T. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.059 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Huth, S., Hoffmann, F., von Gersdorff, K., Laner, A., Reinhardt, D., Rosenecker, J., & Rudolph, C. (2006) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.975 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Vivinus, S., Baulande, S., van Zanten, M., Campbell, F., Topley, P., Ellis, J. H., Dessen, P., & Coste, H. (2001) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02064.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Vaccination With Messenger RNA
Pascolo, S. (2006) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59745-168-1:23 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Rydzik, A. M., Kulis, M., Łukaszewicz, M., Kowalska, J., Zuberek, J., Darżynkiewicz, Z. M., Darżynkiewicz, E., & Jemielity, J. (2012) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.013 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Optimized transfection of mRNA transcribed from a d(A/T)100 tail-containing vector
Elango, N., Elango, S., Shivshankar, P., & Katz, M. S. (2005) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.067 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kanagavelu, S. K., Snarsky, V., Termini, J. M., Gupta, S., Barzee, S., Wright, J. A., Khan, W. N., Kornbluth, R. S., & Stone, G. W. (2011) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.088 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Lingor, P., Michel, U., Schöll, U., Bähr, M., & Kügler, S. (2004) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.170 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Expression of mRNA electroporated into plant and animal cells
Callis, J., Fromm, M. E., & Walbot, V. (1987) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/15.14.5823 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Translation of Encephalomyocarditis Viral RNA in Oocytes of Xenopus laevis
Laskey, R. A., Gurdon, J. B., & Crawford, L. V. (1972) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.69.12.3665 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A regulatory network for the efficient control of transgene expression
Imhof, M., Chatellard, P., & Mermod, N. (2000) · Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-2254(200003/04)2:2 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Danialou, G., Comtois, A. S., Matecki, S., et al. (2005) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.09.016 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Multicomponent Synthetic Polymers with Viral-Mimetic Chemistry for Nucleic Acid Delivery
Soliman, M. E., Nasanit, R., Abulateefeh, S. R., Allen, S., Davies, M. C., Briggs, S. S., Seymour, L. W., Preece, J. A., Grabowska, A. M., Watson, S. A., et al. (2011) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp200108q · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Chen, J., Lin, L., Li, N., et al. (2011) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00409.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Peng, J., & Schoenberg, D. R. (2005) · RNA · doi:10.1261/rna.2470905 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Carralot, J., Weide, B., Schoor, O., Probst, J., Scheel, B., Teufel, R., Hoerr, I., Garbe, C., Rammensee, H., & Pascolo, S. (2005) · Genetic Vaccines and Therapy · doi:10.1186/1479-0556-3-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mechanism of Instability in Abortive Cycling by T7 RNA Polymerase
Gong, P., & Martin, C. T. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m604023200 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Comparative analysis of base biases around the stop codons in six eukaryotes
Liu, Q. (2005) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2005.05.005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Replicable and recombinogenic RNAs
Chetverin, A. B. (2004) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.03.066 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kaslow, D. C. (2004) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.03.007 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
González-González, E., Ra, H., Spitler, R., Hickerson, R. P., Contag, C. H., & Kaspar, R. L. (2010) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2010.74 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Xiaohua, T., & Wan, Y. (2008) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2007.11.009 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Recombinant vector vaccines in vaccinology.
Hilleman, M. R. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
CD40‐expressing plasmid induces anti‐CD40 antibody and enhances immune responses to DNA vaccination
Xu, H., Zhao, G., Huang, X., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.1412 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The form of NY-ESO-1 antigen has an impact on the clinical efficacy of anti-tumor vaccination
Parvanova, I., Rettig, L., Knuth, A. K., et al. (2011) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.073 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jäschke, A., & Helm, M. (2003) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2003.12.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Probst, J., Fotin‐Mleczek, M., Schlake, T., Theß, A., Kramps, T., & Kallen, K. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0439-2_11 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationHoerr, I. (2000) · doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200001)30:1
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology
Pardi, N., Hogan, M. J., Porter, F. W., & Weissman, D. (2018) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.243 · Cited by 4,667 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses
Turner, J. S., O’Halloran, J. A., Kalaidina, E., Kim, W., Schmitz, A. J., Zhou, J. Q., Lei, T., Thapa, M., Chen, R. E., Case, J. B., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03738-2 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Tools for translation: non-viral materials for therapeutic mRNA delivery
Hajj, K. A., & Whitehead, K. A. (2017) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2017.56 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development
Fang, E., Liu, X., Li, M., Zhang, Z., Song, L., Zhu, B., Wu, X., Liu, J., Zhao, D., & Li, Y. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00950-y · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Opportunities and Challenges in the Delivery of mRNA-Based Vaccines
Wadhwa, A., Aljabbari, A., Lokras, A., Foged, C., & Thakur, A. (2020) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12020102 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
mRNA vaccines manufacturing: challenges and bottlenecks
Rosa, S. S., Prazeres, D. M. F., Azevedo, A. M., & Marques, M. P. C. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.038 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
New Vaccine Technologies to Combat Outbreak Situations
Rauch, S., Jasny, E., Schmidt, K. E., & Petsch, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01963 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Thess, A., Grund, S., Mui, B. L., Hope, M. J., Baumhof, P., Fotin-Mleczek, M., & Schlake, T. (2015) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2015.103 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Self-citationPetsch, B., Schnee, M., Vogel, A. B., Lange, E., Hoffmann, B., Voss, D., Schlake, T., Thess, A., Kallen, K.-J., Stitz, L., et al. (2012) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2436 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citationThree decades of messenger RNA vaccine development
Verbeke, R., Lentacker, I., De Smedt, S. C., & Dewitte, H. (2019) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100766 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
McKinlay, C. J., Vargas, J. R., Blake, T. R., Hardy, J. W., Kanada, M., Contag, C. H., Wender, P. A., & Waymouth, R. M. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1614193114 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Vaccine Mediated Protection Against Zika Virus-Induced Congenital Disease
Richner, J. M., Jagger, B. W., Shan, C., Fontes, C. R., Dowd, K. A., Cao, B., Himansu, S., Caine, E. A., Nunes, B. T. D., Medeiros, D. B. A., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.040 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Next‐Generation Vaccines: Nanoparticle‐Mediated DNA and mRNA Delivery
Ho, W., Gao, M., Li, F., Li, Z., Zhang, X., & Xu, X. (2021) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202001812 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Kim, S. C., Sekhon, S. S., Shin, W.-R., Ahn, G., Cho, B.-K., Ahn, J.-Y., & Kim, Y.-H. (2022) · Molecular & Cellular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s13273-021-00171-4 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Mechanism of action of mRNA-based vaccines
Iavarone, C., O’hagan, D. T., Yu, D., Delahaye, N. F., & Ulmer, J. B. (2017) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2017.1355245 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
A novel, disruptive vaccination technology: Self-adjuvanted RNActive <sup>®</sup> vaccines
Kallen, K.-J., Heidenreich, R., Schnee, M., Petsch, B., Schlake, T., Thess, A., Baumhof, P., Scheel, B., Koch, S. D., & Fotin-Mleczek, M. (2013) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.4161/hv.25181 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationSchnee, M., Vogel, A. B., Voss, D., Petsch, B., Baumhof, P., Kramps, T., & Stitz, L. (2016) · PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004746 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Engineering patient-specific cancer immunotherapies
Scheetz, L., Park, K. S., Li, Q., Lowenstein, P. R., Castro, M. G., Schwendeman, A., & Moon, J. J. (2019) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-019-0436-x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Review of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273
Teo, S. P. (2022) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/08971900211009650 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Edwards, D. K., Jasny, E., Yoon, H., Horscroft, N., Schanen, B., Geter, T., Fotin-Mleczek, M., Petsch, B., & Wittman, V. (2017) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1111-6 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationmRNA mediates passive vaccination against infectious agents, toxins, and tumors
Thran, M., Mukherjee, J., Pönisch, M., Fiedler, K., Thess, A., Mui, B. L., Hope, M. J., Tam, Y. K., Horscroft, N., Heidenreich, R., et al. (2017) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201707678 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
“Moreover, expression of therapeutic proteins can also be achieved by intramuscular administration (Schlake et al, 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationImmune Responses Induced by mRNA Vaccination in Mice, Monkeys and Humans
Cagigi, A., & Loré, K. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9010061 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Nanoplatforms for mRNA Therapeutics
Meng, C., Chen, Z., Li, G., Welte, T., & Shen, H. (2021) · Advanced Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/adtp.202000099 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Development of multivalent mRNA vaccine candidates for seasonal or pandemic influenza
Chivukula, S., Plitnik, T., Tibbitts, T., Karve, S., Dias, A., Zhang, D., Goldman, R., Gopani, H., Khanmohammed, A., Sarode, A., et al. (2021) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00420-6 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Mannosylation of LNP Results in Improved Potency for Self-Amplifying RNA (SAM) Vaccines
Goswami, R., Chatzikleanthous, D., Lou, G., Giusti, F., Bonci, A., Taccone, M., Brazzoli, M., Gallorini, S., Ferlenghi, I., Berti, F., et al. (2019) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00084 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Rapid development and deployment of high‐volume vaccines for pandemic response
Kis, Z., Kontoravdi, C., Dey, A. K., Shattock, R., & Shah, N. (2020) · Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Processing · doi:10.1002/amp2.10060 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Kowalczyk, A., Doener, F., Zanzinger, K., Noth, J., Baumhof, P., Fotin-Mleczek, M., & Heidenreich, R. (2016) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.046 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationThe ReNAissanCe of mRNA-based cancer therapy
Van Lint, S., Renmans, D., Broos, K., Dewitte, H., Lentacker, I., Heirman, C., Breckpot, K., & Thielemans, K. (2015) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.957685 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Advances in RNA vaccines for preventive indications: A case study of a vaccine against rabies
Armbruster, N., Jasny, E., & Petsch, B. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7040132 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Systemic activation of antigen-presenting cells via RNA-loaded nanoparticles
Sayour, E. J., De Leon, G., Pham, C., Grippin, A., Kemeny, H., Chua, J., Huang, J., Sampson, J. H., Sanchez-Perez, L., Flores, C., et al. (2017) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2016.1256527 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Viral and Synthetic RNA Vector Technologies and Applications
Schott, J. W., Morgan, M., Galla, M., & Schambach, A. (2016) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2016.143 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
RNActive® Technology: Generation and Testing of Stable and Immunogenic mRNA Vaccines
Rauch, S., Lutz, J., Kowalczyk, A., Schlake, T., & Heidenreich, R. (2017) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6481-9_5 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationMessenger <scp>RNA</scp>‐based vaccines: progress, challenges, applications
Kramps, T., & Probst, J. (2013) · WIREs RNA · doi:10.1002/wrna.1189 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
NIH funding for vaccine readiness before the COVID-19 pandemic
Kiszewski, A. E., Cleary, E. G., Jackson, M. J., & Ledley, F. D. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.022 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Untranslated Region Sequences and the Efficacy of mRNA Vaccines against Tuberculosis
Reshetnikov, V., Terenin, I., Shepelkova, G., Yeremeev, V., Kolmykov, S., Nagornykh, M., Kolosova, E., Sokolova, T., Zaborova, O., Kukushkin, I., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25020888 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schlake, T., Thess, A., Fotin-Mleczek, M., & Kallen, K.-J.
- Affiliations
- CureVac (Germany) (DE)
- CureVac GmbH; Tübingen, Germany
- Corresponding author
- Schlake, Thomas
- Venue
- RNA Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-10-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1319-1330
- ISSN
- 1547-6286 (ISSN-L)
- 1555-8584
- PMC
- PMC3597572
- OpenAlex
- W1988620094
- Cited by
- 622
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- RNA Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- mRNA vaccines, genetic vaccines, humoral and cellular immune response, vaccine safety, vaccine development, vaccine platforms
- MeSH terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic, Animals, Biological Transport, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Vaccines, Synthetic, Gene Expression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
