The history of toll-like receptors - redefining innate immunity

Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene

Poltorak, A., He, X., Smirnova, I., Liu, M.-Y., Huffel, C. V., Du, X., Birdwell, D., Alejos, E., Silva, M., Galanos, C., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2085 · Cited by 7,631

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491

A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity

Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., & Janeway, C. A. J. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41131 · Cited by 6,137

Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3

Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35099560 · Cited by 6,129

Function and Activation of NF-kappaB in the Immune System

Baeuerle, P. A., & Henkel, T. (1994) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041 · Cited by 4,745

The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults

Lemaître, B., Nicolas, E., Michaut, L., Reichhart, J., & Hoffmann, J. A. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80172-5 · Cited by 4,224

CD14, a Receptor for Complexes of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS Binding Protein

Wright, S. D., Ramos, R., Tobias, P. S., Ulevitch, R. J., & Mathison, J. C. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1698311 · Cited by 3,996

Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8

Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H., & Bauer, S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093620 · Cited by 3,947

The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5

Hayashi, F., Smith, K. D., Ozinsky, A., Hawn, T. R., Yi, E. C., Goodlett, D. R., Eng, J. K., Akira, S., Underhill, D. M., & Aderem, A. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35074106 · Cited by 3,605

Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA

Diebold, S. S., Kaisho, T., Hemmi, H., Akira, S., & Reis e Sousa, C. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093616 · Cited by 3,444

Immunotoxicity and transcriptome analysis of zebrafish embryos exposure to Nitazoxanide

Lu, W., Yang, F., Meng, Y., An, J., Hu, B., Jian, S., Yang, G., Lu, H., & Wen, C. (2023) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108977 · Cited by 17

Roles of Histone Deacetylase 4 in the Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes

Kang, H., Park, Y.-K., Lee, J.-Y., & Bae, M. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2023.0174 · Cited by 16

Modulation of the Adjuvant Potential of Imidazoquinoline-Based TLR7/8 Agonists via Alum Adsorption

Kumar, K., Honda‐Okubo, Y., Sakala, I. G., Singh, K. N., Petrovsky, N., & Salunke, D. B. (2024) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00200 · Cited by 17

A conjugate of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and toll-like receptor 7 agonist prevents the growth and metastasis of testis embryonic carcinoma

Lin, G., Wang, X., Yi, W., Zhang, C., Xu, G., Zhu, X., Cai, Z., Liu, Y., Diao, Y., Lin, M. C. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0524-y · Cited by 17

Expression and function of Toll-like receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with ovarian cancer

Zhang, X., Xu, J., Xing, K., Zhang, S., Huang, P., Xu, T., Huang, L., Lou, J., Shi, X., Sun, R., et al. (2014) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-014-1632-x · Cited by 17

Bordetella pertussis Lipid A Recognition by Toll-like Receptor 4 and MD-2 Is Dependent on Distinct Charged and Uncharged Interfaces

Maeshima, N., Evans-Atkinson, T., Hajjar, A. M., & Fernandez, R. C. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.653881 · Cited by 17

In vitroandin vivoimmunostimulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide-enriched fraction fromBacillus subtilis

Jung, J.-Y., Shin, J., Rhee, Y. K., Cho, C.-W., Lee, M.-K., Hong, H., & Lee, K.-T. (2015) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.12742 · Cited by 17

Endotoxin promotes neutrophil hierarchical chemotaxis via the p38-membrane receptor pathway

Wang, X., Qin, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., & Sun, B. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12093 · Cited by 17

The upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the rabbit uterus under the lipopolysaccaride-induced reversible immunoresponse state

Liu, S., Shi, Y., Liu, C., Zhang, M., Zuo, Z., Zeng, C., Zhou, G., Xian, H., & Song, T. Z. (2016) · Animal Reproduction Science · doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.11.012 · Cited by 17

Cell membrane and intracellular expression of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in colorectal cancer and breast cancer cell-lines

Shahriari, S., Rezaeifard, S., Moghimi, H. R., Khorramizadeh, M. R., & Faghih, Z. (2017) · Cancer Biomarkers · doi:10.3233/cbm-160260 · Cited by 17

TNIP1 reduction sensitizes keratinocytes to post-receptor signalling following exposure to TLR agonists

Rudraiah, S., Shamilov, R., & Aneskievich, B. J. (2018) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.02.004 · Cited by 17

Glucocorticoids: Molecular Mechanisms of Action

Cruz‐Topete, D., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77658-3_11 · Cited by 17

Biological characterization, expression, and functional analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )

Wang, Z., Huang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, B., Lu, Y., Xia, L., Tang, J., & Jian, J. (2018) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.036 · Cited by 17

Synthesis of urea analogues bearing N-alkyl-N'-(thiophen-2-yl) scaffold and evaluation of their innate immune response to toll-like receptors

Chen, Z., Cen, X., Yang, J., Lin, Z., Liu, M., & Cheng, K. (2019) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.067 · Cited by 17

Aberrant DNA methylation of the toll-like receptors 2 and 6 genes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Huang, K.-T., Chen, Y., Tseng, C., Chang, H.-C., Su, M.-C., Wang, T.-Y., Lin, Y.-Y., Zheng, Y.-X., Chang, J.-C., Chin, C., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228958 · Cited by 18

New and old adjuvants in allergen‐specific immunotherapy: With a focus on nanoparticles

Feng, Z., Yi, X., & Hajavi, J. (2020) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.29941 · Cited by 17

Toll-Like Receptor 7 Is Required for Lacrimal Gland Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes Development in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice

Debreceni, I. L., Chimenti, M. S., SERREZE, D. V., Geurts, A. M., Chen, Y., & Lieberman, S. M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21249478 · Cited by 17

Use of Therapeutic Pathogen Recognition Receptor Ligands for Osteo-Immunomodulation

Khokhani, P., Rahmani, N. R., Kok, A., Öner, F. C., Alblas, J., Weinans, H., Kruyt, M. C., & Croes, M. (2021) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma14051119 · Cited by 17

Vitamin D Treatment Sequence Is Critical for Transcriptome Modulation of Immune Challenged Primary Human Cells

Malmberg, H.-R., Hänel, A., Taipale, M., Heikkinen, S., & Carlberg, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.754056 · Cited by 19

Nucleoside modifications of in vitro transcribed mRNA to reduce immunogenicity and improve translation of prophylactic and therapeutic antigens

Alameh, M., & Weissman, D. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821595-1.00014-2 · Cited by 17

Development, Optimization, and In Vivo Validation of New Imidazopyridine Chemotypes as Dual TLR7/TLR9 Antagonists through Activity-Directed Sequential Incorporation of Relevant Structural Subunits

Das, N., Bandopadhyay, P., Roy, S., Sinha, B. P., Dastidar, U. G., Rahaman, O., Pal, S., Ganguly, D., & Talukdar, A. (2022) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00386 · Cited by 17

Lipopolysaccharide induction of REDD1 is mediated by two distinct CREB‐dependent mechanisms in macrophages

Lee, D.-K., Kim, J.-H., Kim, W.-S., Jeoung, D., Lee, H., Ha, K., Won, M., Kwon, Y., & Kim, Y. (2015) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.004 · Cited by 19

Cloning and characterization of the proximal promoter region of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-6 gene

Zante, M. D., Borchel, A., Brunner, R. M., Goldammer, T., & Rebl, A. (2014) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.026 · Cited by 17

The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen ® and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge

Lankester, F. J., Lugelo, A., Werling, D., Mnyambwa, N. P., Keyyu, J. D., Kazwala, R. R., Grant, D. M., Smith, S. D., Parameswaran, N., Cleaveland, S., et al. (2016) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.09.019 · Cited by 17

Altered Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Human Oral Epithelium in Oral Lichenoid Reactions

Salem, A., Mustafa, R., Listyarifah, D., Al‐Samadi, A., Barreto, G., Nordström, D., & Eklund, K. K. (2016) · American Journal of Dermatopathology · doi:10.1097/dad.0000000000000807 · Cited by 17

Nanomaterial Manipulation of Immune Microenvironment in the Diseased Liver

Hu, M., & Huang, L. (2018) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201805760 · Cited by 17

Neural influences in colorectal cancer progression and therapeutic strategies

Zeng, Z., Cai, S., Ye, C., Li, T., Tian, Y., Liu, E., Cai, J., Yuan, X., Yang, H., Liang, Q., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-025-04887-w · Cited by 16

Gut Microbiota and Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants: Mechanistic Insights and Prospects for Clinical Translation

Dai, K., Ding, L., Yang, X., Wang, S., & Rong, Z. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13092213 · Cited by 17

Wdfy1 deficiency impairs Tlr3-mediated immune responses in vivo

Yang, Y., Hu, Y., & Liu, Y. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0461-4 · Cited by 16

Systemic bacterial infections affect dendritic cell development and function

Bieber, K., Günter, M., Pasquevich, K. A., & Autenrieth, S. E. (2021) · International Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151517 · Cited by 16

Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors

Patlola, S. R., Donohoe, G. J., & McKernan, D. P. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13081188 · Cited by 18

Decades Long Involvement of THP-1 Cells as a Model for Macrophage Research: A Comprehensive Review

Sharma, P., Venkatachalam, K., & Binesh, A. (2024) · Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0118715230294413240415054610 · Cited by 16

Extracellular pattern recognition molecules in health and diseases

Zhang, P., Liu, X., & Cao, X. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.81 · Cited by 18

Endotoxin Tolerance Inhibits Degradation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Factor 3 by Suppressing Pellino 1 Expression and the K48 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 2

Li, P., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Liao, R., He, K., Ruan, X. Z., & Gong, J. (2016) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw279 · Cited by 16

HDACi Valproic Acid (VPA) and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Delay but Fail to Protect against Warm Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Ruess, D. A., Probst, M., Marjanović, G., Wittel, U. A., Hopt, U. T., Keck, T., & Bausch, D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161233 · Cited by 16

The inhibition of MyD88 and TRIF signaling serve equivalent roles in attenuating myocardial deterioration due to acute severe inflammation

Ouyang, M., Zhou, D., Zhu, Y. K., Zhang, M., & Li, L. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3239 · Cited by 16

Isolation of a New PAK1 Gene from Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) and Its Expression Analysis and Function Characterization

Ren, L., Li, K., Zhan, Y., Wang, Y., Yao, Y., Chen, Y., Lin, K., Song, J., & Chang, Y. (2019) · Journal of Ocean University of China · doi:10.1007/s11802-019-4034-z · Cited by 16

Viral infection and neurological disorders—potential role of extracellular nucleotides in neuroinflammation

Liang, L., Mao, S., Wang, J., Ding, X., & Zen, J. (2019) · ExRNA · doi:10.1186/s41544-019-0031-z · Cited by 16

23S rRNA from Vibrio parahaemolyticus regulates the innate immune response via recognition by TLR13 in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Yu, X. L., Liang, Y., Zhou, Y., He, L., Liu, Y., Fu, L., Lin, H., Zhang, Y., & Lu, D. (2020) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2020.103837 · Cited by 16

Toll‐like receptor‐2/7‐mediated T cell activation: An innate potential to augment CD8+ T cell cytokine production

Heeren, J. J. F. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.13019 · Cited by 16

HIV-1 trans-Infection Mediated by DCs: The Tip of the Iceberg of Cell-to-Cell Viral Transmission

Perez‐Zsolt, D., Regué, D. R., Muñoz‐Basagoiti, J., Aguilar‐Gurrieri, C., Clotet, B., Blanco, J., & Izquierdo‐Useros, N. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11010039 · Cited by 18

Toll-like Receptor 9 Promotes Initiation of Gastric Tumorigenesis by Augmenting Inflammation and Cellular Proliferation

Tang, K., McLeod, L., Livis, T., West, A. C., Dawson, R., Yu, L., Balic, J. J., Chonwerawong, M., Wray‐McCann, G., Oshima, H., et al. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002 · Cited by 18

The TLR4-Active Morphine Metabolite Morphine-3-Glucuronide Does Not Elicit Macrophage Classical Activation In Vitro

Khabbazi, S., Xie, N., Pu, W., Goumon, Y., & Parat, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00441 · Cited by 16

Reciprocal regulation of TLR2-mediated IFN-β production by SHP2 and Gsk3β

Park, J. H., Ko, R., & Lee, S. Y. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07316-3 · Cited by 16

Oxidative stress diseases unique to the perinatal period: A window into the developing innate immune response

Dietz, R. M., & Wright, C. J. (2017) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12787 · Cited by 16

Beyond the physico‐chemical barrier: Glycerol and xylitol markedly yet differentially alter gene expression profiles and modify signalling pathways in human epidermal keratinocytes

Páyer, E., Szabó‐Papp, J., Ambrus, L., Szöllősi, A. G., Andrási, M., Dikstein, S., Kemény, L. V., Juhász, I., Szegedi, A., Bı́ró, T., et al. (2018) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.13493 · Cited by 16

Immunostimulatory effect of salmon prolactin on expression of Toll-like receptors in Oncorhynchus mykiss infected with Piscirickettsia salmonis

de la Peña, B. N., Isla, A., Haussmann, D., & Figueroa, J. E. (2015) · Fish Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10695-015-0155-5 · Cited by 16

Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins impair pro-inflammatory macrophage responses

Bhattacharjee, P., & Keyel, P. A. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24955-2 · Cited by 18

Lysine lactylation in diseases: beyond histone lactylation

Liu, Y., Guo, X., Hu, X., Zhou, S., Yang, Q. E., Feng, P., & Zeng, L. (2025) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-025-08223-6 · Cited by 17

Innate Immune Response in Orthopedic Implant Failure

Supra, R., & Agrawal, D. K. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine · doi:10.26502/josm.511500073 · Cited by 15

Mutated Toll-like receptor 9 increases Alzheimer’s disease risk by compromising innate immunity protection

Cacace, R., Zhou, L., de Craen, E. H. V., Buist, A., Hoogmartens, J., Sieben, A., Cras, P. P., Vandenberghe, R. R., Deyn, P. P. D., Oehlrich, D., et al. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02166-0 · Cited by 16

Stocking density affects immune and stress-related gene expression of Butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus) fry in biofloc landscapes

Majhi, S. S., Singh, S. K., Biswas, P., Debbarma, R., Parhi, J., Khatei, A., Mangang, Y. A., Waikhom, G., & Patel, A. B. (2023) · Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100112 · Cited by 15

Heat‐killed Staphylococcus aureus reduces atherosclerosis by inducing anti‐inflammatory macrophages

Frodermann, V., van Duijn, J., van Puijvelde, G. H. M., van Santbrink, P. J., Lagraauw, H. M., de Vries, M. R., Quax, P. H. A., Bot, I., Foks, A. C., de Jager, S. C. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12484 · Cited by 15

Adjuvants for HIV vaccines

Rao, M., & Alving, C. R. (2016) · Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS · doi:10.1097/coh.0000000000000315 · Cited by 15

A novel MKK gene ( AjMKK3/6 ) in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus : Identification, characterization and its response to pathogenic challenge

Wang, Y., Chen, G., Li, K., Sun, J., Song, J., Zhan, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, L., & Chang, Y. (2016) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2016.12.017 · Cited by 15

Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation can induce IκBζ expression and IgM secretion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

Fonte, E., Vilia, M. G., Reverberi, D., Sana, I., Scarfò, L., Ranghetti, P., Orfanelli, U., Cenci, S., Cutrona, G., Ghia, P., et al. (2017) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2017.165878 · Cited by 15

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 oncoprotein targets the Toll-like receptor pathway

Oliveira, L. B., Haga, I. R., & Villa, L. L. (2018) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001057 · Cited by 15

Innate Immune Defense in the Male Reproductive System and Male Fertility

Wang, F., Chen, R., & Han, D. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.89346 · Cited by 16

The Lipopeptide MALP-2 Promotes Collateral Growth

Troidl, K., Schubert, C., Vlacil, A.-K., Chennupati, R., Koch, S., Schuett, J., Oberoi, R., Schaper, W. K. A., Schmitz‐Rixen, T., Schieffer, B., et al. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9040997 · Cited by 15

The Emerging Roles of Pellino Family in Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling

Zhang, E., & Li, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.728794 · Cited by 15

Design, automated synthesis and immunological evaluation of NOD2-ligand–antigen conjugates

Willems, M. M. J. H. P., Zom, G. G., Meeuwenoord, N. J., OSSENDORP, F. A., Overkleeft, H. S., van der Marel, G. A., Codée, J. D. C., & Filippov, D. V. (2014) · Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.148 · Cited by 15

The Receptor CMRF35-Like Molecule-1 (CLM-1) Enhances the Production of LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Mediators during Microglial Activation

Ejarque‐Ortiz, A., Solà, C., Martínez‐Barriocanal, Á., Schwartz, S., Martı́n, M., Peluffo, H., & Sayós, J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123928 · Cited by 15

Divergent signalling pathways regulate lipopolysaccharide‐induced eRNA expression in human monocytic THP1 cells

Heward, J. A., Roux, B. T., & Lindsay, M. A. (2014) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2014.12.026 · Cited by 15

Transcriptional Profiling of Banana ShrimpFenneropenaeus merguiensiswith Differing Levels of Viral Load

Powell, D., Knibb, W., Nguyen, N. H., & Elizur, A. (2016) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icw029 · Cited by 15

Peptidoglycan accelerates granulopoiesis through a TLR2- and MyD88-dependent pathway

Takehara, M., Seike, S., Takagishi, T., Kobayashi, K., & Nagahama, M. (2017) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.077 · Cited by 15

Diverse Profiles of Toll-Like Receptors 2, 4, 7, and 9 mRNA in Peripheral Blood and Biopsy Specimens of Patients with Celiac Disease

Ghasiyari, H., Rostami‐Nejad, M., Amani, D., Rostami, K., Pourhoseingholi, M. A., Asadzadeh‐Aghdaei, H., & Zali, M. R. (2018) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2018/7587095 · Cited by 15

Type 1 IFN Induction by Cytosolic Nucleic Acid Is Intact in Neonatal Mononuclear Cells, Contrasting Starkly with Neonatal Hyporesponsiveness to TLR Ligation Due to Independence from Endosome-Mediated IRF3 Activation

Brennan, K., OʼLeary, B. D., Laughlin, D. M., Breen, E. P., Connolly, E., Ali, N., O’Driscoll, D. N., Ozaki, E., Mahony, R., Mulfaul, K., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1700956 · Cited by 15

Diurnal rhythm and pathogens induced expression of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in Pelteobagrus vachellii

Qin, C., Sun, J., He, Y., Wang, J., Han, Y., Li, H., & Liao, X. (2019) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.038 · Cited by 15

Intratumoural immunotherapy: activation of nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors

Agrawal, S., & Kandimalla, E. R. (2019) · Immuno-Oncology Technology · doi:10.1016/j.iotech.2019.10.001 · Cited by 16

7-methoxyflavanone alleviates neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signalling and activating the Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway

Qu, Z., Chen, Y., Luo, Z., Shen, X., & Hu, Y. (2019) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/jphp.13219 · Cited by 17

Converging TLR9 and PI3Kgamma signaling induces sterile inflammation and organ damage

Lima, B. H. F., Marques, P. E., Gomides, L. F., Mattos, M. S., Kraemer, L. R., Queiroz‐Junior, C. M., Lennon, M. G., Hirsch, E., Russo, R. C., Menezes, G. B., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55504-0 · Cited by 15

Glycolipid‐based TLR 4 Modulators and Fluorescent Probes: Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Properties

Ciaramelli, C., Calabrese, V., Sestito, S. E., Pérez-Regidor, L., Klett, J., Oblak, A., Jerala, R., Piazza, M., Martín‐Santamaría, S., & Peri, F. (2016) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.12749 · Cited by 15

TLR4 in Atherogenesis

Fuster, J. J. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.014 · Cited by 15

Novel insights and an updated review of metabolic syndrome in immune-mediated organ transplant rejection

Tao, Z., Luo, Z., Zou, Z., Ye, W., Hao, Y., Li, X., Zheng, K., Wu, J., Xia, J., Zhao, Y., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1580369 · Cited by 14

SARM1 senses dsDNA to promote NAD+ degradation and cell death

Wang, L., Liu, Q., Li, S., Wang, N., Chen, Y., Chen, J., Wang, L., Huang, Y., Sun, Z., Dong, L., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.026 · Cited by 15

ORMDL3 regulates poly I:C induced inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells

Laura, G., Liu, Y., Fernandes, K., Willis‐Owen, S. A. G., Ito, K., Cookson, W., Moffatt, M. F., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-021-01496-5 · Cited by 14

Recent Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Toll-like Receptor Response to Influenza Virus Infection

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