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The history of toll-like receptors - redefining innate immunity
Abstract
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was an important event for immunology research and was recognized as such with the awarding of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Jules Hoffmann and Bruce Beutler, who, together with Ralph Steinman, the third winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize and the person who discovered the dendritic cell, were pioneers in the field of innate immunity. TLRs have a central role in immunity - in this Timeline article, we describe the landmark findings that gave rise to this important field of research.
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“the identification of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by Jules Hoffman and Bruce Beutler elucidated how the mammalian immune system could recognize highly conserved patterns associated with the presence of pathogens or damage [3]”
From The dawn of mRNA vaccines: the COVID-19 case (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
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Metadata
- Authors
- O'Neill, L. A. J., Golenbock, D., & Bowie, A. G.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- O'Neill, Luke A. J.
- Golenbock, Douglas
- Venue
- Nature reviews. Immunology
- Published
- 2013-05-17
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 453-460
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W1995586746
- Cited by
- 1,765
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 145 · 2021: 147 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 150 · 2018: 171 · 2017: 161 · 2016: 156 · 2015: 140 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 27
- FWCI
- 12.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptors, innate immunity, pattern recognition receptors, innate-adaptive immune crosstalk, history of immunology, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, dendritic cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, NF-kappa B, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein, Models, Immunological, Transcription Factor AP-1, Inflammation Mediators, Protein Isoforms, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Interferon Regulatory Factor-3, Interferon Regulatory Factor-7, Toll-Like Receptors
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