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Cited by 74Muscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in AgingBody Composition Measurement Techniques

Resistance training preserves fat-free mass without impacting changes in protein metabolism after weight loss in older women

Open access
Campbell, Wayne W., Haub, Mark D., Wolfe, Robert R., Ferrando, Arny A., Sullivan, Dennis H., Apolzan, John W., Iglay, Heidi B.·2009·Obesity
DOI 10.1038/oby.2009.2PMC PMC4299870
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Abstract

This study assessed the effects of resistance training (RT) on energy restriction–induced changes in body composition, protein metabolism, and the fractional synthesis rate of mixed muscle proteins (FSRm) in postmenopausal, overweight women. Sixteen women (age 68 ± 1 years, BMI 29 ± 1 kg/m 2, mean ± s.e.m.) completed a 16‐week controlled diet study. Each woman consumed 1.0 g protein/kg/day. At baseline (weeks B1–B3) and poststudy (weeks RT12–RT13), energy intake matched each subject's need and during weeks RT1–RT11 was hypoenergetic by 2,092 kJ/day (500 kcal/day). From weeks RT1 to RT13, eight women performed RT 3 day/week (RT group) and eight women remained sedentary (SED group). RT did not influence the energy restriction–induced decrease in body mass (SED −5.8 ± 0.6 kg; RT −5.0 ± 0.2 kg) and fat mass (SED −4.1 ± 0.9 kg; RT −4.7 ± 0.5 kg). Fat free mass (FFM) and total body water decreased in SED (−1.6 ± 0.4 and −2.1 ± 0.5 kg) and were unchanged in RT (−0.3 ± 0.4 and −0.4 ± 0.7 kg) (group‐by‐time, P ≤ 0.05 and P = 0.07, respectively). Protein–mineral mass did not change in either group (SED 0.4 ± 0.2 kg; RT 0.1 ± 0.4 kg). Nitrogen balance, positive at baseline (2.2 ± 0.3 g N/day), was unchanged poststudy. After body mass loss, postabsorptive (PA) and postprandial (PP) leucine turnover, synthesis, and breakdown decreased. Leucine oxidation and balance were not changed. PA and total (PA + PP) FSRm in the vastus lateralis were higher after weight loss. RT did not influence these protein metabolism responses. In summary, RT helps older women preserve FFM during body mass loss. The comparable whole‐body nitrogen retentions, leucine kinetics, and FSRm between groups are consistent with the lack of differential protein–mineral mass change.

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  • Supervised resistance exercise during weight loss increases fat free mass.

    “Indeed previous studies of supervised resistance exercise during weight loss demonstrated increases in fat free mass [16, 38], decreases in fat mass [39, 40] and improved muscle strength [16, 40].”

    From The effects of a home-based resistance training programme on body composition and muscle function during weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a randomised controlled pilot trial (2025) · cites this paper as [38]

    The Results (Body composition; page unavailable) state that fat-free mass was unchanged in the resistance-training group, not increased. It decreased in the sedentary group, so the study supports preservation of fat-free mass during weight loss rather than a gain. (LLM, conf=0.93)

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  • Chronic calorie restriction does not seem to reduce muscle protein synthesis, but might increase it.

    “chronic calorie restriction does not seem to reduce muscle protein synthesis, but it might increase it105,255”

    From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [255]

    The Results (Muscle protein synthesis; page unavailable) report that postabsorptive and total muscle protein synthesis increased after weight loss, while postprandial synthesis did not change. But the Discussion says measurements were made after energy balance was restored, not during calorie restriction, and that the study could not separate the effects of restriction from weight loss. The broader claim about chronic calorie restriction therefore goes beyond this finding in older women. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Prolonged reduction of caloric intake, leading to 5%-10% weight loss, increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis, suggesting that muscle mass loss during prolonged moderate calorie restriction is mediated by increased muscle proteolysis rather than suppressed muscle protein synthesis.

    “prolonged reduction of caloric intake, leading to the common target of 5%-10% weight loss, increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis, 13,14 suggesting that muscle mass loss during prolonged moderate calorie restriction is mediated by increased muscle proteolysis rather than suppressed muscle protein synthesis.”

    From Changes in lean body mass with <scp>glucagon‐like peptide</scp> ‐1‐based therapies and mitigation strategies (2024) · cites this paper as [13]

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  • For several physical and strength-performance measures, greater improvements were observed in the combined groups than in the diet-only groups.

    “Moreover, for several physical and strengthperformance measures, greater improvements were observed in the combined groups than in the diet-only groups (288-291, 293-297, 299).”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [296]

    The Results (Muscle strength; page not provided) report 12–34% gains in maximal strength in the diet-plus-resistance-training group, while strength was unchanged in the sedentary diet group. This supports greater improvement on several strength measures, but the paper does not report corresponding physical-performance measures. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • Prolonged moderate calorie restriction and 5-10% weight loss increased the rate of muscle protein synthesis.

    “Prolonged moderate calorie restriction and 5-10% weight loss, on the other hand, increased the rate of muscle protein synthesis (78,79).”

    From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [78]

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Authors
Campbell, W. W., Haub, M. D., Wolfe, R. R., Ferrando, A. A., Sullivan, D. H., Apolzan, J. W., & Iglay, H. B.
Affiliations
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • Kansas State University (US)
  • University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
Corresponding author
Campbell, Wayne W.
ORCID
Venue
Obesity
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-07
Volume
17
Issue
7
Pages
1332-1339
ISSN
  • 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
  • 1930-739X
DOI
10.1038/oby.2009.2
PMC
PMC4299870
OpenAlex
W2013159270
Cited by
74
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1163 d)
Locations
  • Obesity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture (98‐35200‐6151)
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Aging (1 R29 AG13409, 1 R01 AG15750, R29AG013409, R01AG015750)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR014288, MO1 RR14288)
  • NIH Clinical Center
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Keywords
resistance training, protein metabolism, weight loss, caloric restriction, postmenopausal women, older women, fractional synthesis rate, muscle protein synthesis, leucine kinetics, nitrogen balance, body composition, total body water, leucine oxidation
MeSH terms
Aged, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Leucine, Middle Aged, Muscle Proteins, Nitrogen, Proteins, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training

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