Perinatal factors affect the gut microbiota up to four years after birth
Open accessAbstract
Perinatal factors impact gut microbiota development in early life, however, little is known on the effects of these factors on microbes in later life. Here we sequence DNA from faecal samples of children over the first four years and reveal a perpetual evolution of the gut microbiota during this period. The significant impact of gestational age at birth and delivery mode on gut microbiota progression is evident in the first four years of life, while no measurable effects of antibiotics are found in the first year. Microbiota profiles are also characteristic in children dependant on gestational age and maturity. Full term delivery is characterised by Bacteroides (year one), Parabacteroides (year two) and Christensenellaceae (year four). Preterm delivery is characterised by Lactobacillus (year one), Streptococcus (year two) and Carnobacterium (year four). This study reveals that the gut retains distinct microbial profiles of perinatal factors up to four years of age.
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Some studies suggest that the impact of C-section on the microbial profile can last up to age 4.
“Likewise, some other studies suggest that the impact of C-section on the microbial profile can last up to age 4 (250).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [250]
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- Authors
- Fouhy, F., Watkins, C., Hill, C. J., O’Shea, C.-A., Nagle, B., Dempsey, E. M., O’Toole, P. W., Ross, R. P., Ryan, C. A., & Stanton, C.
- Affiliations
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- APC Microbiome Institute (IE)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Cork University Hospital (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Stanton, Catherine
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2019-04-03
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1517-1517
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6447568
- OpenAlex
- W2929655635
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 18
- FWCI
- 12.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- T-Stór (Teagasc) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Research Board
- Science Foundation Ireland
- Teagasc
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, perinatal factors, gestational age, preterm birth, mode of delivery, fecal microbiota, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Christensenellaceae, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Carnobacterium
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Child, Preschool, Feces, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pregnancy, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Gastrointestinal Tract, Premature Birth, Microbiota
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