Dysbiosis of human gut microbiome in young-onset colorectal cancer
Open accessAbstract
The incidence of sporadic young-onset colorectal cancer (yCRC) is increasing. A significant knowledge gap exists in the gut microbiota and its diagnostic value for yCRC patients. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 728 samples are collected to identify microbial markers, and an independent cohort of 310 samples is used to validate the results. Furthermore, species-level and functional analysis are performed by metagenome sequencing using 200 samples. Gut microbial diversity is increased in yCRC. Flavonifractor plautii is an important bacterial species in yCRC, while genus Streptococcus contains the key phylotype in the old-onset colorectal cancer. Functional analysis reveals that yCRC has unique characteristics of bacterial metabolism characterized by the dominance of DNA binding and RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process. The random forest classifier model achieves a powerful classification potential. This study highlights the potential of the gut microbiota biomarkers as a promising non-invasive tool for the accurate detection and distinction of individuals with yCRC.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Compared with patients aged 50 years or older, those with early onset CRC usually present with more advanced disease and have different pathological features and CRC GOMS.
“Compared with patients of ≥50 years of age, those with early onset CRC usually present with more advanced disease, and have different pathological features and CRC GOMS83,84.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [83]
Early onset CRC GOMS is characterized by enrichment of F. plautii and increased metabolism of tryptophan, bile acids, and choline.
“The latter is characterized by an enrichment of F. plautii and increased metabolism of tryptophan, bile acids and choline.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [83]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Inflammaging: a new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases
Franceschi, C., Garagnani, P., Parini, P., Giuliani, C., & Santoro, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4 · Cited by 3,586 · see citing works
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo, K., Grossman, D. C., Curry, S. J., Davidson, K. W., Epling, J. W., García, F. A. R., Gillman, M. W., Harper, D. M., Kemper, A. R., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5989 · Cited by 2,509 · see citing works
Screening for Colorectal Cancer
US Preventive Services Task Force, Davidson, K. W., Barry, M. J., Mangione, C. M., Cabana, M. D., Caughey, A. B., Davis, E. M., Donahue, K. E., Doubeni, C. A., Krist, A. H., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6238 · Cited by 2,106 · see citing works
Wolf, A. M. D., Fontham, E. T. H., Church, T. R., Flowers, C. R., Guerra, C. E., LaMonte, S. J., Etzioni, R., McKenna, M. T., Oeffinger, K. C., Shih, Y. T., et al. (2018) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21457 · Cited by 1,944 · see citing works
Analysis of <i>Fusobacterium</i> persistence and antibiotic response in colorectal cancer
Bullman, S., Pedamallu, C. S., Sicinska, E., Clancy, T. E., Zhang, X., Cai, D., Neuberg, D., Huang, K., Guevara, F., Nelson, T., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aal5240 · Cited by 1,574 · see citing works
Thevaranjan, N., Puchta, A., Schulz, C., Naidoo, A., Szamosi, J. C., Verschoor, C. P., Loukov, D., Schenck, L. P., Jury, J., Foley, K. P., et al. (2017) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.03.002 · Cited by 1,322 · see citing works
Fusobacterium nucleatum — symbiont, opportunist and oncobacterium
Brennan, C. A., & Garrett, W. S. (2019) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0129-6 · Cited by 1,205 · see citing works
O’Toole, P. W., & Jeffery, I. B. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac8469 · Cited by 1,202 · see citing works
Bailey, C. E., Hu, C., You, Y. N., Bednarski, B. K., Rodrı́guez-Bigas, M. A., Skibber, J. M., Cantor, S. B., & Chang, G. J. (2014) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2014.1756 · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Thomas, A. M., Manghi, P., Asnicar, F., Pasolli, E., Armanini, F., Zolfo, M., Beghini, F., Manara, S., Karcher, N., Pozzi, C., et al. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0405-7 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Hewitson, P., Glasziou, P., Watson, E. K., Towler, B., & Irwig, L. (2008) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01875.x · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults in Europe over the last 25 years
Vuik, F. E. R., Nieuwenburg, S. A. V., Bardou, M., Lansdorp‐Vogelaar, I., Dinis-Ribeiro, M. J., Bento, M. J., Zadnik, V., Pellisé, M., Esteban, L., Kaminski, M. F., et al. (2019) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317592 · Cited by 894 · see citing works
The Intestinal Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer.
Tilg, H., Adolph, T. E., Gerner, R. R., & Moschen, A. R. (2018) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.004 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Ren, Z., Li, A., Jiang, J., Zhou, L., Yu, Z., Lu, H., Xie, H., Chen, X., Shao, L., Zhang, R., et al. (2018) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315084 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Gut mucosal microbiome across stages of colorectal carcinogenesis
Nakatsu, G., Li, X., Zhou, H., Sheng, J., Wong, S. H., Wu, W. K. K., Ng, S. C., Tsoi, H., Dong, Y., Zhang, N., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9727 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Self-citationStrategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Ladabaum, U., Dominitz, J. A., Kahi, C., & Schoen, R. E. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.06.043 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Chung, L., Orberg, E. T., Geis, A. L., Chan, J. L., Fu, K., Shields, C. E. D., Dejea, C. M., Fathi, P., Chen, J., Finard, B. B., et al. (2018) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.01.007 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Epidemiology and Mechanisms of the Increasing Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers in Young Adults
Stoffel, E. M., & Murphy, C. C. (2019) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.055 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Guo, Z., Xue, Z., Sun, Z., Zhang, M., Wang, L., Wang, G., Wang, F., Xu, J., Cao, H., et al. (2015) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.11 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Prebiotic stimulation of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria and bifidobacteria,in vitro
Scott, K. P., Martin, J. C., Duncan, S. H., & Flint, H. J. (2013) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12186 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Early-onset colorectal cancer: initial clues and current views
Hofseth, L. J., Hébert, J. R., Chanda, A., Chen, H., Love, B. L., Peña, M. M. O., Murphy, E. A., Sajish, M., Sheth, A., Buckhaults, P., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0253-4 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Bowerman, K. L., Rehman, S. F., Vaughan, A., Lachner, N., Budden, K. F., Kim, R., Wood, D., Gellatly, S. L., Shukla, S. D., Wood, L. G., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19701-0 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Composition and temporal stability of the gut microbiota in older persons
Jeffery, I. B., Lynch, D. B., & O’Toole, P. W. (2016) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.88 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Role of the Microbiome in Energy Regulation and Metabolism
Nieuwdorp, M., Gilijamse, P. W., Pai, N., & Kaplan, L. M. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.008 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
(Dis)Trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease
Buford, T. W. (2017) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0296-0 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Robertson, D. J., Lee, J. K., Boland, C. R., Dominitz, J. A., Giardiello, F. M., Johnson, D. A., Kaltenbach, T. R., Lieberman, D. A., Levin, T. R., & Rex, D. K. (2016) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.053 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Karl, J. P., Margolis, L. M., Madslien, E. H., Murphy, N. E., Castellani, J. W., Gundersen, Y., Hoke, A. V., Levangie, M. W., Kumar, R., Chakraborty, N., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2017 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
The Gut Microbiota and Unhealthy Aging: Disentangling Cause from Consequence
DeJong, E. N., Surette, M. G., & Bowdish, D. M. E. (2020) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.013 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
The Human Gut Microbiome and Body Metabolism: Implications for Obesity and Diabetes
Devaraj, S., Hemarajata, P., & Versalovic, J. (2013) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2012.187617 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Alterations of gut microbiome in autoimmune hepatitis
Wei, Y., Li, Y., Li, Y., Sun, C., Miao, Q., Wang, Q., Xiao, X., Lian, M., Li, B., Chen, Y., et al. (2019) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317836 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Nutrition and the gut microbiome in the elderly
Salazar, N., Valdés-Varela, L., González, S., Gueimonde, M., & de los Reyes-Gavilán, C. G. (2017) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1256525 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Association Between Bacteremia From Specific Microbes and Subsequent Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Kwong, T. N. Y., Wang, X., Nakatsu, G., Chow, T. C., Tipoe, T., Dai, R. Z. W., Tsoi, K. K. K., Wong, M. C. S., Tse, G., Chan, M. T. V., et al. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.028 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Ahmadi, S., Wang, S., Nagpal, R., Wang, B., Jain, S., Razazan, A. P., Mishra, S. P., Zhu, X., Wang, Z., Kavanagh, K., et al. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.132055 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Lavelle, A., Lennon, G., O'Sullivan, Ó., Docherty, N., Balfe, Á., Maguire, A., Mulcahy, H., Doherty, G., O'Donoghue, D., Hyland, J., et al. (2015) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307873 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Imperiale, T. F., Gruber, R. N., Stump, T. E., Emmett, T. W., & Monahan, P. O. (2019) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m18-2390 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Gupta, A., Dhakan, D. B., Maji, A., Saxena, R., K., V., Mahajan, S., Pulikkan, J., Kurian, J., Gomez, A. M., Scaria, J., et al. (2019) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00438-19 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Ladabaum, U., Mannalithara, A., Meester, R. G. S., Gupta, S. N., & Schoen, R. E. (2019) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.023 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Toes‐Zoutendijk, E., van Leerdam, M. E., Dekker, E., van Hees, F., Penning, C., Nagtegaal, I. D., van der Meulen, M. P., van Vuuren, A. J., Kuipers, E. J., Bonfrèr, J. M. G., et al. (2016) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.022 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Robertson, D. J., Lee, J. K., Boland, C. R., Dominitz, J. A., Giardiello, F. M., Johnson, D. A., Kaltenbach, T. R., Lieberman, D. A., Levin, T. R., & Rex, D. K. (2016) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2016.09.025 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Tinmouth, J., Lansdorp‐Vogelaar, I., & Allison, J. E. (2015) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308074 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Kim, M., Vogtmann, E., Ahlquist, D. A., Devens, M. E., Kisiel, J. B., Taylor, W. R., White, B. A., Hale, V. L., Sung, J., Chia, N., et al. (2020) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.03186-19 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Sung, J. J. �., Chiu, H., Jung, K., Jun, J. K., Sekiguchi, M., Matsuda, T., & Kyaw, M. H. (2019) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000133 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Racial Disparities in Incidence of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Patient Survival
Murphy, C. C., Wallace, K., Sandler, R. S., & Baron, J. A. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.060 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Lui, R. N., Tsoi, K. K. F., Ho, J. M. W., Lo, C. M., Chan, F. C. H., Kyaw, M. H., & Sung, J. J. Y. (2019) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1111 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Wu, S., Wang, H., Li, Y., Xie, Y., Huang, C., Zhao, H., Miyagishi, M., & Kasim, V. (2018) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-4047 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of Fusobacterium species bacteremia
Afra, K., Laupland, K. B., Leal, J. R., Lloyd, T., & Gregson, D. B. (2013) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-264 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Discovery of an ene-reductase for initiating flavone and flavonol catabolism in gut bacteria
Yang, G., Hong, S., Yang, P., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20974-2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Decrease in Incidence of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer Before Recent Increase
Murphy, C. C., Singal, A. G., Baron, J. A., & Sandler, R. S. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.045 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Lang, S., Fairfied, B., Gao, B., et al. (2020) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2020.1785251 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Oral Administration of Flavonifractor plautii Strongly Suppresses Th2 Immune Responses in Mice
Ogita, T., Yamamoto, Y., Mikami, A., Shigemori, S., Sato, T., & Shimosato, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00379 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Selby, K. J., Levine, E. H., Doan, C., Gies, A., Brenner, H., Quesenberry, C. P., Lee, J. K., & Corley, D. A. (2019) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.023 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Bailey, S. E. R., Abel, G., Atkins, A., Byford, R. C., Davies, S.-J., Mays, J., McDonald, T. J., Miller, J. D., Neck, C., Renninson, J., et al. (2021) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-020-01221-9 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Shapiro, J. A., Bobo, J. K., Church, T. R., Rex, D. K., Chovnick, G., Thompson, T., Zauber, A. G., Lieberman, D. A., Levin, T. R., Joseph, D. A., et al. (2017) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.285 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Durán-Sanchón, S., Moreno, L., Auge, J. M., Serra‐Burriel, M., Cuatrecasas, M., Moreira, L., Martín, Á., Serradesanferm, A., Pozo, À., Costa, R., et al. (2019) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Werner, S., Krause, F., Rolny, V., et al. (2015) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1268 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Elsafi, S. H., Alqahtani, N. M., Zakary, N. Y., et al. (2015) · Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology · doi:10.2147/ceg.s86419 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Gut cell metabolism shapes the microbiome
Cani, P. D. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aao2202 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Is Colorectal Cancer in Patients Younger Than 50 Years of Age the Same Disease as in Older Patients?
Dharwadkar, P., Greenan, G., Singal, A. G., & Murphy, C. C. (2019) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.10.028 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Young-onset colorectal cancer risk among individuals with iron-deficiency anaemia and haematochezia
Demb, J., Liu, L., Murphy, C. C., Doubeni, C. A., Martı́nez, M. E., & Gupta, S. N. (2020) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321849 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ramdzan, A. R., Rahim, M. A. A., Zaki, A. M., et al. (2019) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.5334/aogh.2466 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Redwood, D. G., Provost, E. M., Asay, E. D., et al. (2014) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd11.130281 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Young-Onset Colon Cancer and Recurrence Risk by Gene Expression
Chang, G. J., You, Y. N., Russell, C. A., et al. (2020) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djaa019 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Streptococcus gallolyticus Bacteremia and Colorectal Carcinoma
Wong, H. K., Ho, P., & Lee, C. K. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.059 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Accuracy of Self-Checked Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer in Thai Patients
Lohsiriwat, V. (2014) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7981 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yeasmin, F., Ali, M. A., Rahman, M. A., et al. (2014) · Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin · doi:10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19641 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kong, C., Liang, L., Liu, G., Du, L., Yang, Y., Liu, J., Shi, D., Li, X., & Ma, Y. (2023) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327156 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationGut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy
Thomas, A. M., Fidelle, M., Routy, B., Kroemer, G., Wargo, J. A., Segata, N., & Zitvogel, L. (2023) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00785-8 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Piccinno (2025) · doi:10.1038/s41591-025-03693-9 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Autophagy: A Versatile Player in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer and Drug Resistance
Manzoor, S., Muhammad, J. S., Maghazachi, A. A., & Hamid, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.924290 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Said, S., & Ibrahim, W. (2025) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2147/cmar.s405590 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yang, Y., Du, L., Shi, D., Kong, C., Liu, J., Liu, G., Li, X., & Ma, Y.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
- Second Hospital of Shandong University (CN)
- Tongji University (CN)
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Yanlei
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2021-11-19
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6757-6757
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8604900
- OpenAlex
- W3213755739
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 29 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 14.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81920108026, 81871964, 81802412)
- Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation (No.19410713300)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
- Keywords
- early-onset colorectal cancer, gut dysbiosis, microbial biomarkers, Flavonifractor plautii, Streptococcus, gut microbiota diversity, bacterial metabolism, DNA binding, non-invasive cancer detection, random forest classification
- MeSH terms
- Clostridiales, Eubacteriales, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Aged, Feces, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Streptococcus, Colorectal Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Age of Onset, Healthy Volunteers, Dysbiosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
