Cited by 1,205Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchGut microbiota and healthMicrobial infections and disease research

Fusobacterium nucleatum — symbiont, opportunist and oncobacterium

Open access
Brennan, Caitlin A., Garrett, Wendy S.·2019·Nature Reviews Microbiology

Abstract

Fusobacterium nucleatum has long been found to cause opportunistic infections and has recently been implicated in colorectal cancer; however, it is a common member of the oral microbiota and can have a symbiotic relationship with its hosts. To address this dissonance, we explore the diversity and niches of fusobacteria and reconsider historic fusobacterial taxonomy in the context of current technology. We also undertake a critical reappraisal of fusobacteria with a focus on F. nucleatum as a mutualist, infectious agent and oncogenic microorganism. In this Review, we delve into recent insights and future directions for fusobacterial research, including the current genetic toolkit, our evolving understanding of its mechanistic role in promoting colorectal cancer and the challenges of developing diagnostics and therapeutics for F. nucleatum.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41579-018-0129-6

Cites

128 of 128 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Fusobacterium nucleatum usually resides in the middle of dental biofilms where it bridges early and late colonizers.

    “Fusobacterium nucleatum, a spindle-shaped bacterium with multi-species coaggregation interactions [20,21] that usually resides in the middle of dental biofilms where it bridges early and late colonizers [22]”

    From Coaggregation of oral pathogens by postbiotic lactobacilli (2025) · cites this paper as [22]

    The “F. nucleatum as a mutualist” section says that F. nucleatum bridges primary and secondary colonizers in dental plaque biofilms. It does not establish that the bacterium usually resides in the physical middle of those biofilms; the section instead notes that plaque biogeography may be more complex than previously thought. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Various disease states are associated with the oral microbiome, including caries, periodontal disease, oral, esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.

    “This is demonstrated by the association of various disease states with the oral microbiome, including not only caries and periodontal disease but also oral, esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [86]Bennett JE, Dolin R & Blaser MJ Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease (Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Brennan, C. A., & Garrett, W. S.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Garrett, Wendy S.
Venue
Nature Reviews Microbiology
Published
2018-12-13
Volume
17
Issue
3
Pages
156-166
ISSN
  • 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-1534
OpenAlex
W2904988746
Cited by
1,205
References
128
Citations by year
2026: 150 · 2025: 196 · 2024: 242 · 2023: 182 · 2022: 165 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1
FWCI
9.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (T32CA207021, R01CA154426)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
Keywords
Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacteria, oral microbiota, symbiosis, opportunistic infections, colorectal cancer, bacterial diversity, host-microbe interactions, cancer diagnosis, cancer therapeutics
MeSH terms
Host Microbial Interactions, Fusobacterium Infections, Humans, Mouth, Symbiosis, Colorectal Neoplasms, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Carcinogenesis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review