Fusobacterium nucleatum — symbiont, opportunist and oncobacterium
Open accessAbstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum has long been found to cause opportunistic infections and has recently been implicated in colorectal cancer; however, it is a common member of the oral microbiota and can have a symbiotic relationship with its hosts. To address this dissonance, we explore the diversity and niches of fusobacteria and reconsider historic fusobacterial taxonomy in the context of current technology. We also undertake a critical reappraisal of fusobacteria with a focus on F. nucleatum as a mutualist, infectious agent and oncogenic microorganism. In this Review, we delve into recent insights and future directions for fusobacterial research, including the current genetic toolkit, our evolving understanding of its mechanistic role in promoting colorectal cancer and the challenges of developing diagnostics and therapeutics for F. nucleatum.
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Fusobacterium nucleatum usually resides in the middle of dental biofilms where it bridges early and late colonizers.
“Fusobacterium nucleatum, a spindle-shaped bacterium with multi-species coaggregation interactions [20,21] that usually resides in the middle of dental biofilms where it bridges early and late colonizers [22]”
From Coaggregation of oral pathogens by postbiotic lactobacilli (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
The “F. nucleatum as a mutualist” section says that F. nucleatum bridges primary and secondary colonizers in dental plaque biofilms. It does not establish that the bacterium usually resides in the physical middle of those biofilms; the section instead notes that plaque biogeography may be more complex than previously thought. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVarious disease states are associated with the oral microbiome, including caries, periodontal disease, oral, esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.
“This is demonstrated by the association of various disease states with the oral microbiome, including not only caries and periodontal disease but also oral, esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [152]
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- Authors
- Brennan, C. A., & Garrett, W. S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garrett, Wendy S.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Microbiology
- Published
- 2018-12-13
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 156-166
- ISSN
- 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
- 1740-1534
- PMC
- PMC6589823
- OpenAlex
- W2904988746
- Cited by
- 1,205
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 150 · 2025: 196 · 2024: 242 · 2023: 182 · 2022: 165 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 9.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (T32CA207021, R01CA154426)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Keywords
- Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacteria, oral microbiota, symbiosis, opportunistic infections, colorectal cancer, bacterial diversity, host-microbe interactions, cancer diagnosis, cancer therapeutics
- MeSH terms
- Host Microbial Interactions, Fusobacterium Infections, Humans, Mouth, Symbiosis, Colorectal Neoplasms, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Carcinogenesis
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