Neural vulnerability and hurricane-related media are associated with post-traumatic stress in youth
Open accessAbstract
The human toll of disasters extends beyond death, injury and loss. Post-traumatic stress (PTS) can be common among directly exposed individuals, and children are particularly vulnerable. Even children far removed from harm's way report PTS, and media-based exposure may partially account for this phenomenon. In this study, we examine this issue using data from nearly 400 9- to 11-year-old children collected before and after Hurricane Irma, evaluating whether pre-existing neural patterns moderate associations between hurricane experiences and later PTS. The 'dose' of both self-reported objective exposure and media exposure predicted PTS, the latter even among children far from the hurricane. Furthermore, neural responses in brain regions associated with anxiety and stress conferred particular vulnerability. For example, heightened amygdala reactivity to fearful stimuli moderated the association between self-reported media exposure and PTS. Collectively, these findings show that for some youth with measurable vulnerability, consuming extensive disaster-related media may offer an alternative pathway to disaster exposure that transcends geography and objective risk.
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Indirect exposure is associated with stress symptoms and other psychopathologies comparable to those linked to direct exposure.
“Recent research provided extensive evidence that indirect exposure is associated with stress symptoms and other psychopathologies comparable to those linked to direct exposure [13,16,23-27].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
The Results (page unavailable) associate hurricane-related media exposure with post-traumatic stress symptoms in youth; the Discussion reports media and objective-exposure effect sizes in a similar range. The paper does not establish the claim about other psychopathologies, so it supports only the stress-symptom portion. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Dick, A. S., Silva, K., Gonzalez, R., Sutherland, M. T., Laird, A. R., Thompson, W. K., Tapert, S. F., Squeglia, L. M., Gray, K. M., Nixon, S. J., Cottler, L. B., La Greca, A. M., Gurwitch, R. H., & Comer, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- University of Houston (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dick, Anthony Steven
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Human Behaviour
- Published
- 2021-11-15
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1578-1589
- ISSN
- 2397-3374 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8607811
- OpenAlex
- W3211463329
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Human Behaviour (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01DA041048)
- National Science Foundation (RAPID 1805645)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disaster Management and Resilience
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress, Hurricane Irma, children, amygdala reactivity, anxiety, stress, moderated mediation
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Brain, Child, Female, Florida, Gyrus Cinguli, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mass Media, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Cyclonic Storms, Functional Neuroimaging
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